| 释义 |
retirement|rɪˈtaɪəmənt|
Also 6–7 retyre-.
[a. F. retirement (1576), = Sp. retiramiento, Pg. -mento, It. ritiramento: see retire v. and -ment.]
1. a. The act of falling back, retreating, or receding from a place or position. (Somewhat rare; in mod. use chiefly Mil.)
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, v. iv. 6, I beseech your Maiesty make vp, Least you[r] retirement do amaze your friends. 1643Milton Divorce viii. Wks. 1851 IV. 40 Against reiterated scandals and seducements which never cease, much more can no other remedie or retirement be found but absolute departure. 1649― Eikon. xxviii. 240 A sort of moodie..consciences apt to engage thir Leaders into great and dangerous affaires past retirement, and then..to betray them basely. 1847Grote Greece ii. xxxiii. (1862) III. 207 On the retirement of the Lacedæmonian force, the Samian exiles were left destitute. 1877M. Foster Physiol. iii. ii. (1878) 404 The approach and retirement are more readily appreciated than is a simple change of size.
b. A receding part; a recess. rare—1.
1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. II. 71/2 The height of the semi-circular retirements..was only equal to their breadth.
2. a. The act of withdrawing into seclusion or privacy; withdrawal from something.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, i. i. 58 Any retyrement, any sequestration, From open Haunts and Popularitie. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 252 [Capræ] which he variously beautified and honoured with his retirements. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 250 For solitude somtimes is best societie, And short retirement urges sweet returne. a1704Locke (J.), In this retirement of the mind from the senses, it retains a yet more incoherent manner of thinking. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho i, The first interruptions to the happiness he had known since his retirement, were occasioned by the death of his two sons. 1874Green Short Hist. viii. §i. 453 In Milton we note..a proud retirement from the meaner and coarser life around him. 1892Gunter Miss Dividends (1893) 157 A proper retirement from society is due to it.
b. Withdrawal from occupation, office, or business activity. (Cf. retire v. 1 e.) Also collect. the total of retired officers.
1648Cromwell Lett. 25 Nov. (Carlyle), When Robert Hammond, through dissatisfaction too, desired retirement from the Army. a1799Washington (Webster), Retirement is as necessary to me as it will be welcome. 1818J. W. Croker in C. Papers 13 July, To induce you to abandon the thoughts of a retirement from business. 1851Lond. Gaz. No. 2122. 1673/1 By keeping up the Retirement of 1846, to the number of 200. 1885Manch. Exam. 12 Mar. 4/7 The retirement of Mr. Beith from the chairmanship of the Executive is a just cause for regret.
c. The act of retiring to rest. rare—1.
1801Lusignan III. 87 Emily had exceeded the usual hour of retirement.
d. Aloofness, distance, reserve. rare—1.
1800Southey Lett. (1856) I. 114 Their lieutenants..observe too rude a retirement towards the English.
3. a. The state or condition of being withdrawn from society or publicity; seclusion, privacy.
1603Shakes. Meas. for M. v. i. 130 For certaine words he spake against your Grace In your retirment, I had swing'd him soundly. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 17 They are one thing in their retirement, another on the stage of publick view. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 371 They lived two Years after this in perfect Retirement. 1742Franklin Ess. Wks. 1840 II. 84 If I delight in a private life, have they any right to drag me out of my retirement? 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxxi, As the Duchess lived in close retirement, she was little surprised at this. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 227 [He] is reluctantly drawn from his retirement to defend his old master.
b. A time or occasion of seclusion or privacy.
In some quots. not clearly distinct from sense 4.
1632Strafford Let. to Earl of Carlisle 24 Oct., In my cheefest Exaltation before men, and my fullest contentmentt in my inmost retirementts. 1668Dryden Maiden Queen i. iii, It is a saucy boldness, thus to press On my retirements. a1708Beveridge Priv. Th. i. (1730) 91 All the secret Thoughts, the inward Motions and Retirements of my Soul—are exactly known before Him. 1738tr. Guazzo's Art of Convers. 22 Those who are in pursuit of Learning, seek it..in their Studies and Retirements. 1801Strutt Sports & Past. Introd. 1 When we follow them into their retirements..we are most likely to see them in their true state. 1852Ld. Cockburn Life Jeffrey I. 270 Dearly did he enjoy these retirements.
†c. An occupation of one's leisure time. Obs. rare—1.
1641R. Brooke Eng. Episc. Ded. A 3 The Worke then of these Lines, is to lay prostrate at Your Feet..the Retirements of Your Humble Servant in the Last Recesse.
4. A place or abode characterized by seclusion or privacy; a retreat. Also fig. and transf.
1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. ii. (1682) 106, 20 Royal Castles and Palaces..as the private Retirements of the King. 1670Maynwaring Pharm. Phys. Rep. 57 This Medicine..searcheth the most intimate recesses, and closest retirements of our bodies. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 259 Decoy-Ducks..will bring whole Flights of Fowl to their Retirements. 1772Wilkes Corr. (1805) IV. 131 Exmouth; where he has, as they say, a sweet country retirement. 1825Hone Every-day Bk. I. 638 The gardens..were covetable retirements. 1846Trench Mirac. xix. (1862) 326 He..withdraws..to his safer retirements in the immediate neighbourhood of the sea of Galilee.
5. The act of withdrawing from circulation.
1865Sat. Rev. 23 Dec. 777 His estimate is that 40,000,000l. employed in the retirement of notes will certainly suffice to bring them to par. 1897Daily News 22 Nov. 7/6 A provision for the retirement of all paper currency of a lower denomination than ten dollars.
6. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 2 b) retirement age, retirement city, retirement community, retirement home, retirement pension, retirement pensioner.
1919Rep. Departmental Comm. Old Age Pensions App. 157 in Parl. Papers (Cmd. 411) XXVII. 299 Your retirement age seems very low. 1976A. White Long Silence xix. 164 The driver, one of the colonel's men, long past retirement age.
1964V. Bartlett Tuscan Retreat i. 24 ‘Retirement cities’ such as are growing up in the United States..lived in only by old people.
1976National Observer (U.S.) 14 Feb. 9/1 Many elderly people trying to find a retirement community have heard stories of developments going broke. 1979Tucson (Arizona) Citizen 20 Sept. 8c/1 At least 60 persons have put down deposits to buy security for their old age in the form of ‘life contracts’ with a proposed retirement community here.
1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 31/4 (Advt.), Small retirement home, 2 bedrooms, 3 piece bath. 1977E. Ambler Send no more Roses x. 248 Buy that nice retirement home you've always dreamed of owning.
1942W. Beveridge Soc. Insurance & Allied Services iii. 96 The pensions proposed in the Plan for Social Security are retirement pensions, not old age pensions. 1973Times 13 Jan. 19/7 Basic retirement pensions are a flat amount..per week.
a1974R. Crossman Diaries (1976) II. 644 Should the exemptions be for retirement pensioners or for people over sixty-five? |