| 释义 |
resource|rɪˈsɔəs, rɪˈɔːs|
Also 7 ress-.
[ad. F. ressource, † ressourse, f. OF. re(s)sourdre to rise again, f. re- re- + sourdre:—L. surgĕre to rise.]
1. a. A means of supplying some want or deficiency; a stock or reserve upon which one can draw when necessary. Now usu. pl.
sing.1611Cotgr., Ressource, a resource, new spring. c1650Denham Of Old Age 107 For whatsoever from our hand she [sc. the earth] takes, Greater, or less, a vast return she makes. Nor am I only pleas'd with that resource. 1760Hist. in Ann. Reg. 10/1 Out of the general want a resource arose to their armies, who were the more readily recruited, because the scanty pay..of a soldier became an object of envy to the wretched peasantry. 1849–50Alison Hist. Europe I. iv. §96. 534 The treasure of the Hotel de Ville presented an immediate resource. 1965H. I. Ansoff Corporate Strategy i. 6 A large majority of decisions must be made within the framework of a limited total resource. 1969Nature 20 Dec. 1233/1 Satisfactory land use—that is, one that will provide a sustained yield of a resource—must take full account of the ecology. 1978Sci. Amer. Nov. 82/3 The very best of them, such as W. F. Leopold's classic Speech Development of a Bilingual Child, continue to be a rich resource for contemporary investigators.
pl.1797T. Bewick Brit. Birds Introd. 9 The Ostrich..runs with amazing rapidity, and consequently requires similar resources of air. 1800Colquhoun Comm. Thames vi. 237 It was limited with respect to pecuniary Resources. 1874Green Short Hist. vii. §5. 392 The new resources of thought and language which literature felt to be at its disposal.
b. pl. The collective means possessed by any country for its own support or defence. See also natural resources s.v. natural a. 6 e.
1779Burke Corr. (1844) II. 302 The first thing to be done for the defence of a country, is to have its resources and its arms in honest and able hands. 1818Colebrooke Import Col. Corn 124 That period..when..the country shall be reduced to its own insulated resources. 1870Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 2 In speaking of the natural resources of any country we refer to the ore in the mine, the stone unquarried, the timber unfelled [etc.].
2. a. Possibility of aid or assistance. (Chiefly in phr. without resource, after F. sans ressource.)
1697Dryden æneid xi. 477 Vanquish'd without resource; laid flat by fate. 1749Smollett Regicide ii. iv, Nor by an oath precipitate, involve Thy fate beyond resource. 1796Morse Amer. Geogr. II. 322 ‘Geneva’, says the historian of this revolution, ‘is lost without resource, in respect to religion, to morals’. 1819Shelley Cenci iii. i. 204 For we cannot hope That aid, or retribution, or resource Will arise thence. 1854J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. xxiv. 442 The flower of the French army was lost without resource.
†b. Recourse to one for aid. Obs. rare—1.
1720Mrs. Manley Power of Love 236 But Hymen was his first Relief, he had no resource to any other Deity.
3. a. An action or procedure to which one may have recourse in a difficulty or emergency; an expedient, device, shift.
1697Dryden æneid x. 512 [He] Us'd threatnings, mix'd with pray'rs, his last resource. 1748Anson's Voy. (ed. 4) iii. ii. 426 We had no other resource left than chincing and caulking. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xxvi. II. 12 Many are the resources of courage and poverty. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 44 A revolution will be the very last resource of the thinking and the good. 1853Macaulay Biogr., Atterbury, A mind inexhaustibly rich in all the resources of controversy. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola xxix, Tito began to think that flight was his only resource.
b. Applied to persons or places. rare.
1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) II. ii. 46 Taking Syphax himself prisoner who was the most powerful resource the Romans had. 1802tr. Ducray-Duminil's Victor IV. 222 This holy mansion was the resource of young lovers, and the terror of parents.
4. A means of relaxation or amusement.
[1752Chesterfield Lett. cclxxiv. (1792) 255 Sloth, indolence, and mollesse are pernicious and unbecoming a young fellow; let them be your ressource forty years hence at soonest.] 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. xiii. I. 394 The amusements of letters and of devotion, which afford so many resources in solitude. 1837Disraeli Venetia i. iii, Reading had been her chief resource. 1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. i. i. 3 He has a resource in the chase, an occupation, ever ready at hand. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 221 We are not over supplied with resources..as yet... I have sent for some books and ordered the weekly papers.
5. Capability in adapting means to ends, or in meeting difficulties.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxii. (1856) 171 They are a gentlemanly, well-educated set of men.., full of personal resource. 1877Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. v. 143 He was a man of a keen and bitter wit, full of resource and readiness. 1879Froude Cæsar xxii. 371 Resource in difficulties is the distinction of great generals.
6. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1 a) resource allocation, resource base, resource limit, resource zone; resource-based, resource-bound, resource-intensive, resource-limited, resource-poor, resource-supplying, resource-wasteful adjs.; resource aggregation (see quot. 1968); resource centre, a library or other centre which houses a collection of learning resources (learning vbl. n. 4); such a collection itself; also attrib.; resource industry, an industry of which the raw materials occur as natural resources; resource profile (see quot. 1967); resource time, the length of time a resource is required for a specific project.
1967A. Battersby Network Analysis (ed. 2) ix. 144 When Esso Petroleum transferred their accounts to a computer, they recognized 20 categories of clerical staff for *resource aggregation. 1968Gloss. Terms Project Network Anal. (B.S.I.) 9 Resource aggregation, the summation of the requirements of each resource, for each time period, calculated according to a common decision rule.
1964K. G. Lockyer Introd. Critical Path Anal. viii. 70 The name given by Production Controllers to this aspect of their work is Loading; regrettably, new names have been devised by some of the earlier CPA workers, amongst them Manpower Smoothing, and *Resource Allocation. 1965H. I. Ansoff Corporate Strategy i. 6 A resource-allocation pattern which will offer the best potential for meeting the firm's objectives. 1977P. Johnson Enemies of Society vi. 80 Classical economics had dealt with scarcity, value, choice, resource-allocation and efficiency.
1974Times 8 Jan. (Europe Suppl.) p. xvi/5 How do you regard that oil? Is it British or is it European or is it just Shell's? I regard it as part of the *resource base.
1967Times 28 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) 32 *Resource-based industries..have been characteristic of the economy.
1977Bull. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. Oct. 18 Doubts about the continuity of past, present, and future..are expressed in current *resource-bound models of growth.
1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. 47/1 (Advt.), The School has a gymnasium and central library with *resource centre. 1971in T. D. F. Barnard New Directions in Librarianship 44 There are new trends towards treating the library as a nexus for resource centre development. 1976Ann. Rep. Manpower Services Comm. 1975–76 ii. 20/1 The report therefore recommended that a resource centre should be established so that any organisation wishing to mount industrial relations training could be directed to appropriate sources of advice and teaching material.
1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Jan. b5/1 Long on *resource industry and lean in secondary industry, British Columbia continues to be especially vulnerable to the fluttering of foreign economies and markets. 1970Toronto Daily Star 24 Sept. 1/8 This list..is likely to be lengthened to include some resource industries, pipelines, and possibly steel.
1976Conservation News Sept.–Oct. 20/2 A planned transition to a less *resource-intensive economy.
1970S. L. Barraclough in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. iv. 132 In many regions there is a sharp *resource limit that would permit at most a doubling in the amount of productive land available.
1967A. Battersby Network Analysis (ed. 2) xii. 208 Before running the programme a ‘duration limited’ run or a ‘*resource limited’ run must be specified. 1977Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXV. 389/1 The processing of many materials could..become energy-limited rather than resource-limited.
1969New Scientist 2 Oct. 18/1 The flow of food and raw materials to the developed nations (almost all of which are *resource-poor) will slowly dry up. 1973Listener 20 Dec. 846/2 The resource-poor countries.
1967A. Battersby Network Analysis (ed. 2) ix. 141 Fig. 9.1 is called a ‘*resource profile’ of a project, and it is obtained by ‘resource aggregation’. The resources required by each job are specified when its duration is calculated; then when the scheduled starting times have been decided, the requirements are totalled over concurrent jobs for each discrete time period.
1969R. B. Fuller Operating Man. Spaceship Earth ii. 27 They had to control various *resource-supplying mines, forests, and lands with which and upon which to build the ships and establish the industries. 1973Bulletin (Sydney) 25 Aug. 50/2 Australia has no idea of proposing the formation of a consortium of resource-supplying countries.
1964K. G. Lockyer Introd. Critical Path Anal. viii. 72 It is necessary to know the amount of work available—that is, the capacity available. This, too, must be specified in *resource-time.
1976Carn Feb. 20/2 It is easy to demonstrate that a *resource-wasteful and energy-intensive lifestyle is very damaging to the environment.
1965New Statesman 12 Nov. 732/1 We should select important amenity ‘*resource zones’ such as the Broads and, rather than trying to stop all industrial development in them, get all interested parties to hammer out ways of developing them for all-round use—with recreation taking a high priority.
Also as v. trans., to supply (a person, etc.) with resources; hence reˈsourced ppl. a.; reˈsourcing vbl. n.
1975Listener 27 Mar. 398/1, I would have gone in for smaller [school] units..resourced from some central agency. 1975Library Assoc. Rec. LXXVII. 258 The policy of the Association..must be against diminished resourcing of libraries. 1975Language for Life (Dept. Educ. & Sci.) ix. 133 These and many other devices ensure that all the non-specialist teachers of English are fully resourced. 1979Observer 23 Sept. 4/8 Social workers have been inadequately trained and inadequately resourced to meet the expectations upon them. |