| 释义 |
parlour, parlor|ˈpɑːlə(r)|
Forms: 3–5 parlur, (5 -lure), 4–6 parlore, 4–5 perlowr, 5 parlowr(e, -lere, 5–7 parler, -loure, (6 perler, -lour, parlar(e); 4– parlour, 6– parlor. Parlour is now usual in Britain, parlor in America.
[ME. parlur, etc. a. AF. parlur, from OF. parleor, parleur (12th c.), parleour = Pr. parlador, It. parlatorio, -toio = med.L. parlātōrium (L. type *parabolātōrium), f. parlāre:—parōlāre:—parabolāre to speak. Cf. the more usual med.L. locūtōrium, f. loquī, locūt-us to speak.]
A. Forms.
a1225Parlur, c 1330 Parlour [see B. 1]. c1290South Eng. Leg. I. 286 ‘Ȝwat In þe parlore?’ seint Domenic seide. 14..in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 114 Fresch perlowres glased as bryght as day. c1440Promp. Parv. 384/2 Parlowre, locutorium. 1445Agnes Paston in Lett. I. 59 The parler and the chapelle at Paston. 1483Somerset Medieval Wills (1901) 242 The hall parlur chambers Chapell Kechin and other houses of my maner of Assheton. 1509Nychodemus Gospell (W. de W. 1518) 4 Than wente our lorde Ihesu out of the parlore. 1535Coverdale 2 Sam. xviii. 33 Then was the kynge soroufull, and wente vp in to the perler vpon the gate, and wepte. 1554Hooper Breafe Treat. in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) III. App. xxiv. 69 Mr. Hales came into the parlare. 1610–Parlor, Parlour [see B. 2]. 1676D'Urfey Mad. Fickle ii. ii, I've led him into the Parler.
B. Signification.
I.
1. An apartment in a monastery for conversation with persons from outside, or among the inmates.
a1225Ancr. R. (Camden) 68 Nimeð oðer hwules..þeo oðre men & wummen to þe parlurs þurle, speken uor neode. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7066 He asked leue atte priour To speke wyþ Constant y þe parlour. c1425Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 670/5 Hoc locutorium, parloure. 1593Rites of Durham (Surtees) 52 Thorowgh y⊇ parler, a place for merchaunte to vtter ther waires. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Parlour, Parloir, in nunneries, a little room, or closet, where people talk to the nuns, through a kind of grated window... Anciently there were also parlours in the convents of the monks, where the novices used to converse together at the hours of recreation. 1886Ruskin Præterita I. 421 A chat with us in the parlour. 1903J. T. Fowler in Rites of Durham (Surtees) 238 The utter or outer Parlour, Locutorium, or Spekehouse, was usually on the western side of the cloister... There was always an inner parlour for more strictly monastic conversation.
2. a. In a mansion, dwelling-house, town-hall, etc., orig. A smaller room apart from the great hall, for private conversation or conference (e.g. a banker's parlour, the Mayor's Parlour in a town-hall). Hence, in a private house, the ordinary sitting-room of the family, which, when more spacious and handsomely furnished, is usually called the drawing-room. Formerly often simply = ‘room’ or ‘chamber’, sometimes a bedchamber.
c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 33 (82) Two oþere ladyes sette and she, Wiþ-Inne a paued parlour. a1400–50Alexander 5304 In-to a preue parlour þai passe bathe to-gedire. a1425Cursor M. 16093 (Trin.) Anoon pilate vp he roos:..And ȝede in to þe parlour [earlier MSS. pretori]. c1460Towneley Myst. iii. 133 Make in thi ship also, Parloures oone or two, And houses of offyce mo. 1486Nottingham Rec. III. 253 Þe Counsell House and þe Parlour vnder hit. 1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. lv. 16 For mischiefe raigneth in their hall and parlour where they dwell. 1589–90in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 382 A forme for the College parler. 1598Ibid., The parlor all seeled with waynscott. 1595Lanc. Wills (1857) II. 129 [To] permit my wife to have two parlers or other conveniente places to her use. 1610Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. (1614) 780 Extemporarie devotions in your Parlors. 1625Bacon Ess., Building (Arb.) 549 To haue, at the further end, a Winter, and a Summer Parler, both Faire. 1787M. Cutler in Life, etc. (1888) I. 235 The Parlor, Drawing-room, and Dining-hall are in the second story. 1798Washington Writ. (1893) XIV. 130 note, Mr. Lear..informed me that a gentleman in the parlour below desired to see me. 1884J. Quincy Figures of Past 367 He stood at one end of the low parlor of the President's house. 1886Morley Crit. Misc., Geo. Eliot III. 106 Jane Austen bore her part in the little world of the parlour that she described.
b. Used as a dining or supper room.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. x. 97 To eten bi hym-selue In a pryue pa[r]loure..and leue þe chief halle. 1526Tindale Mark xiv. 15 He wyll shewe you a greate parlour, paved, and prepared. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 69 b, Neither could he wishe..a more galaunte parloure to eate in. a1586Sidney Arcadia i. (1629) 15 To the Parler where they used to sup. 1689in Taylor Wakefield Manor (1886) 126 Duas cœnaculos, anglice parlors. 1796Hist. Ned Evans I. 199 In the parlour was a table elegantly covered, and a servant in a laced livery behind every chair. 1823Rutter Fonthill 63 The Oak Parlour was the only room for the service of dinner. 1904Ld. Aldenham Let. to Editor, In my youth [1830–50] the room on the ground floor which is now called the Dining Room was always called the Parlour.
c. In different parts of England, the inner or more private room of a two-roomed house, cottage, or small farm-house, variously used according to locality, kind of household, etc., as the living-room of the family distinct from the kitchen, or as the ‘best room’ distinct from the ordinary living room (or sometimes as a bedroom). See Eng. Dialect Dict. s.v.
[1469Bury Wills (Camden) 45, I will that the seid Denyse haue the new hows callyd a parlure, wyth the kechyn, and the chamberys parteynyng to the seid parlure and kechyn. 1482Marg. Paston Will in Lett. III. 286 My fetherbedde..in my parlour at Mauteby. 1599Acc.-bk. W. Wray in Antiquary XXXII. 243 In the chamber over the hawle and parloure.] 1825Mackinnon Acct. Messingham 25 (E.D.D.) The cottages had only a house and parlour, the parlour being used as a dormitory for the whole family, both male and female.
d. transf. and fig. = ‘chamber’, ‘inner chamber’.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. v. (1634) 8 He hath framed his Parlours in the waters, that the clouds are his chariots. 1670Cotton Espernon i. iv. 156 He had also discover'd that the Duke every afternoon us'd to play at Cards in the Parlour of his Tent. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. v. (1878) 63 Forgetful to entertain strangers, at least in the parlour of his heart.
e. In attrib. use with the names of outdoor games which have been adapted to a smaller scale for use indoors.
1872A. Elliot Within Doors 45 Numerous Parlour Games have recently been introduced... Such are Parlour Croquet,..Parlour Billiards, [etc.]. 1881Cassell's Bk. In-Door Amusem. 74 The game described in this book as German Balls is sometimes also known as Parlour Bowls. 1887E. Custer Tenting on Plains xv. 501 A game of parlor croquet was proposed. 1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 235/3 Parlor Tennis. This new and fascinating game is arranged for parlor or lawn use and is played with 12 light rubber balls... Parlor Quoits..consists of two turned posts..and four quoits five inches in diameter. 1899Beerbohm More 140 Playing parlour-golf with his only child. 1901Parlour cricket [see dart n. 1 d]. 1926–7Army & Navy Stores Catal. 854/3 The parlour golf hole... For practising ‘putting’ indoors.
f. In attrib. use applied to persons of comfortable or prosperous circumstances who profess support, usu. of a non-participatory nature, for radical, extreme, or revolutionary political movements, as parlour Bolshevik, parlour communist, parlour socialist, etc. Hence parlour Bolshevism, parlour socialism.
1910Ann. Library Index 1909 273 (title) Parlour socialists. 1915T. Dreiser Let. 26 Apr. in Lett. H. L. Mencken (1961) 68, I hold no brief for the parlor radical. 1918[see Bolshevism]. 1922R. Nevill Yesterday & Today i. 14 What may be called ‘Society Socialism’ is an entirely modern development, pretty well limited to England and America where the ‘Parlour Socialist’ has become recognized as a regular type. 1926G. Frankau My Unsentimental Journey iv. 56 The audience..were only ‘parlour Bolsheviks’. 1929F. P. Gibbons Red Napoleon 67 Margot was more than a parlour pink; she was an ardent internationalist. 1930H. G. Wells Autocracy of Mr. Parham ii. i. 86 Don't imagine we are that mysterious unseen power, the Money Power, your parlour Bolsheviks talk about. 1938G. T. Garratt Shadow of Swastika 201 Mr. Neville Chamberlain remained..invincible because of his backing amongst the very wealthy and influential parlour fascists outside. 1939C. Isherwood Goodbye to Berlin 105 Wasn't I a bit of a sham..with my arty talk..and my newly-acquired parlour-socialism? 1954Koestler Invis. Writing iii. 40 The most fashionable poet among the snobs and parlour-Communists of the period was Bertold Brecht. 1960News Chron. 22 June 6/5 A wonderfully reactionary view of country life. It makes John Buchan look a ‘parlour pink’. 1969Times 24 Mar. 7/7 Cripps..had just come into notoriety before the war as a ‘parlour Bolshevist’ of a high intellectual order. 1973K. Giles File on Death vi. 156 A parlour pink! Did he have anything to contribute? 1976S. Hynes Auden Generation x. 367 The stock notion of the 'thirties writer as a New Country parlour-communist.
3. A room in an inn more private than the taproom, where people may converse apart.
1870E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. II. 146 A private entrance..led to the back parlour or inner room. 1883Harper's Mag. Nov. 818/1 He was sitting in the ‘parlor’. 1899Westm. Gaz. 12 Apr. 7/2 A tavern consisted of three open rooms, freely inviting class distinctions—the saloon, the parlour, and the tap-room.
4. a. orig. U.S. (Commercial cant.) An elegantly or showily fitted apartment, for some special business or trade use, as a misfit parlor, oyster p., photographer's p., tonsorial p., etc.
1884Ice cream parlor [see ice-cream attrib.]. 1890in Cent. Dict. 1908, etc. Beauty parlour [see beauty parlour s.v. beauty n. III]. 1912Manicure parlor [see manicure n. 2]. 1913, etc. Massage parlour [see massage n. b]. 1927E. Glyn ‘It’ xiii. 122 ‘The Oak Parlour’, a new little restaurant. 1928Daily Express 22 Oct. 1/3 The bodies of the boys will be kept in sealed caskets in an ‘undertaking parlour’ until the mother is well enough to attend the funeral. 1942H. C. Bailey Dead Man's Shoes xxvi. 100 Pat's Parlour, a tea shop for holiday visitors. 1952S. Selvon Brighter Sun iv. 63 He was listless and dull, and attracted very little business, though his was the only well-stocked parlour in that part of Barataria. 1963H. Garner in R. Weaver Canad. Short Stories (1968) 2nd Ser. 41, I tried a couple of beer parlours, but couldn't stand the noise and laughter. 1973W. McCarthy Detail ii. 115 Stuart..went to the adjoining pizza parlour. 1974Listener 8 Aug. 168/3 Model industrial communities, with sun-lamp parlours.
b. ellipt. form of milking-parlour s.v. milking vbl. n. 4.
1950N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. June 541/1 Near Davis [California] I visited some dairies using the ‘parlour’ system of milking. 1973Country Life 28 June 1904/1 Development work on milking machinery..directed at speeding the movement of cows through the parlour.
II.
†5. Conversation, colloquy, conference. Obs.[Cf. OF. parloir, ‘ce qu'on dit dans une assemblée’ (Godef.).] 1483Cath. Angl. 269/2 A Parlowr, colloquium, colloquotorium. 1501Douglas Pal. Hon. ii. xxvi, Vprais the court, and all the parlour ceist.
III. 6. attrib. and Comb., as parlour art, parlour casement, parlour cat, parlour door, parlour fire, parlour game, parlour novel, parlour pastime, parlour politics, parlour sofa, parlour table, parlour wall, parlour window; parlour-boarder, a boarding-school pupil who lives in the family of the principal and has other privileges not shared by the ordinary boarders; parlour-car (U.S.), a luxuriously fitted railway carriage, a ‘drawing-room’ car; so parlour cattle-car; parlour child: see quot.; parlour-floor, the floor of a parlour; the floor or story of a house which contains the parlour; parlour-girl U.S., = parlour-maid; parlour-house, (a) a house having a parlour; (b) U.S. slang, an expensive type of brothel; parlour-jumper slang, one who robs rooms (see quot. 1938); parlour-jumping, slang, robbing of rooms by entering at a window; so parlour-jump v.; parlour-magic, feats of legerdemain, etc., performed in and suited to a parlour; parlour man, a male domestic servant; = house-parlourman s.v. house n.1 24; (the sense in quot. 1851 is uncertain); parlour match, ‘a friction match which contains little or no sulphur’ (Webster Suppl. 1902); parlour melodeon U.S., a kind of parlour organ; parlour-organ, a reed-organ suitable for a private room; parlour-palm, the aspidistra; parlour pew, a family pew in a church, furnished like a small parlour, sometimes occupied by the lord of the manor or squire with his household; parlour-piece, a slight entertainment suitable for performance in a parlour; † parlour-preacher, a preacher who preaches to a private congregation; so † parlour-sermon, † -worship; parlour-skate, a roller-skate (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); parlour social U.S., = house-rent party s.v. house n.1 24; parlour trick, (a) (in pl.) society arts or accomplishments; (b) an amusing ‘turn’ or trick performed, often by an animal, as entertainment; † parlour trimmer, a parlour servant. See also parlour-maid.
1777P. Thicknesse Year's Journey I. ii. 12 The Prieure of this convent..had received, as *parlour boarders, some English ladies of very suspicious characters. 1812Theatrical Inquisitor I. 211, I am a parlour boarder at Mrs. Twizzle's school. 1817Crit. Rev. Apr., Romantic enough to satisfy all the parlour-boarders of ladies' schools in England. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xx, Surely it must be Miss Swartz, the parlour boarder.
1882Sala Amer. Revis. (1885) 88 A couple of fauteuils in the Pullman ‘*parlour-’ or, as it is called in England, ‘drawing-room car’. 1902E. Banks Newspaper Girl 302, I saved that amount to pay my parlour-car fee..and a late dinner on the train.
1881Chicago Times 30 Apr., The first *parlor cattle-car left to-night for New York.
1874Temple Bar Oct. 346 Such an only child used to be called ‘a *parlour child’, to denote that there was more intercourse between child and parent than exists in a ‘nursery child’, to whom the nurse seems his natural guide and ruler.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 209 b, Streyght waies cometh one of the women to the *parlour dore.
1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. v. ii. 102 They sit conferring by the *Parler fire. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xvi, Simon Glover..placed him in a chair by his parlour fire.
1780Mrs. Harris in Lett. Earl Malmesbury (1870) I. 453 We illuminated the *parlour floor and the drawing-room floor.
1872*Parlour game [see sense 2 e above]. 1894I. Zangwill in Critic (N.Y.) 24 Nov. 342/2 In the parlor-game of ‘Consequences’. 1923W. de la Mare Riddle 127 She talks to you; but it's all make-believe. It's all a ‘parlour game’. 1958Wodehouse Cocktail Time xviii. 157 The television set..was now deep in one of those parlour games designed for the feeble-minded trade. 1975Listener 28 Aug. 279/1 At this season of the year, the listener to Radio 4 cannot expect much more than..parlour games.
1863A. D. Whitney Faith Gartney's Girlhood iii. 9 The *parlor-girl made her appearance with her mop and tub. 1875Mrs. Stowe We & Neighbors xxxiv. 323 Maggie was parlor-girl and waitress, and a good one too.
1872E. Crapsey Nether Side N.Y. 142 A most deplorable change..greatly decreasing the number of *parlor houses, while houses of assignation have multiplied. 1924in Henderson & Maddock Housing Acts (1930) 431 Appropriate normal rents may be fixed for different classes of houses, e.g. parlour and non-parlour. 1926J. Black You can't Win iv. 28 Women who kept ‘parlor houses’ in the Tenderloin district. 1927St. John Ervine Wayward Man i. i. 3 Three shops, four parlour-houses... The front of his house looked like that of any other parlour-house, but if a passer-by had peeped through the window he would have seen, not, as he might have expected, a small d'oyley-covered table, bearing a pot of geraniums or [etc.]. 1927F. E. Fremantle Housing of Nation 40 At Roehampton the cost of a parlour house rose to {pstlg}1,750. 1975J. Gores Hammett (1976) v. 38 The parlor houses, cribs, brothels and bagnios had disappeared..and a thousand prostitutes had been thrown out of work. 1977Belfast Tel. 19 Jan. 25/3 (Advt.), Parlour house, off Newtonards Rd., good condition.
1894A. Morrison Mean Streets 260 No boy would *parlour-jump nor dip the lob for him.
1898Daily Tel. 4 Aug. 3/2 A constable explained that the prisoner..was known as a ‘*parlour-jumper’... He went in for robbing rooms. 1938F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad xv. 170 ‘Parlour Jumpers’.. went round knocking on doors until they found a temporarily unoccupied house or flat, when they would force a way in and collect everything of value.., put it in the table cloth..and walk out.
1879Autobiog. of Thief in Macm. Mag. XL. 500, I palled in with some older hands at the game, who used to take me *parlour-jumping.
1851H. Melville Moby Dick II. xiv. 121 Beale's..frontispiece, boats attacking Sperm whales, though no doubt calculated to excite the civil scepticism of some *parlour men, is admirably correct..in its general effect. 1922Glasgow Herald 31 Oct. 7/1 The men who have disappointed as ‘housemen’ and ‘parlourmen’ are for the most part ex-Service men..prepared to do anything to get a job. 1960Times 5 Jan. 3/3 (Advt.), Cook and Butler/House Parlourman required for Surrey;..excellent kitchen; own redecorated flat.
1909‘O. Henry’ Roads of Destiny vii. 107 The natives were panning out enough from the beach sands to buy all the rum, red calico, and *parlour melodeons in the world.
1845in C. Cist Cincinnati Misc. I. 179/1 ‘I was on a visit to Vermont, a few weeks since,’ said he, ‘and intended to buy a *parlor Organ.’ 1943A. G. Powell I can go Home Again 96 There was an ordinary parlor organ, but on the days in which Old Lady McCan..attended services the organ in the Baptist Church could not be used.
1904Amateur Gardener's Diary 145 Aspidistra (*Parlour Palm), one of the hardiest of indoor plants, as it will survive dust and even the fumes of gas.
1876G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 65 And ever, if bound here hardest home, You've *parlour-pastime left.
1896Daily News 30 May 8/5 The village church, lately in possession of a ‘squire's pew’, carpeted, with fireplace, chairs, and tables; a snuggery wherein the great man snored unobserved,..now the *parlour pew is gone.
1938Amer. Speech XIII. 255 Most of the music..played on these many pianos was..‘light classical’, and in anthologies the terms ‘salon music’ and ‘*parlor pieces’ were used. 1957T. Hughes Hawk in Rain 20 (title) Parlour-piece.
1940H. G. Wells New World Order §1. 18 This is no small affair of *parlour politics we have to consider.
1589Nashe Pasquils Returne Wks. (Grosart) I. 100 In the tippe of the tongue of some blind *Parlor-preacher.
1646Crashaw Delights Muses 131 His *parlour-sermons rather were Those to the eye, than to the ear.
1552Huloet, *Parlour seruaunte or trimmer, triclinarius.
1956*Parlour social [see house-party s.v. house n.1 24]. 1966W. T. E. Kirkeby Ain't Misbehavin' iv. 39 Another and popular way to meet expenses was the parlour social or, as it later became familiarly known, the ‘rent-party’.
1663P. Henry Diary (1882) 128 Agreed to give me 30s. for y⊇ *Parler table. 1805W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. III. 56 This book..has lain for exhibition on the parlour-table of all our polished families.
1922R. Leighton Compl. Bk. Dog vii. 99 He [sc. the Chow Chow]..often has a clever gift for *parlour tricks. 1961Times 7 Jan. 7/7 The art of skiing is..gradually suffering conversion into a gigantic outdoor parlour trick.
1839Longfellow Footst. Angels ii, Shadows..Dance upon the *parlour wall.
1700Dryden Cock & Fox 15 Her *parlour window stuck with herbs around Of savoury smell.
1623T. Scott Highw. God 72 He will haue a *parlor-worship, a religion by himselfe. |