| 释义 |
parasynthetic, a. (n.) Philol.|pærəsɪnˈθɛtɪk|
[mod. f. Gr. παρασύνθετος ‘formed from a compound’ (f. παρα- beside + σύνθετος put together, compounded) + -ic. In mod.F. parasynthétique.]
Formed from a combination or compound of two or more elements; formed by a conjoint process of combination and derivation. b. n. A parasynthetic formation or derivative.
Applied, esp. in Romanic Philology, to verbs derived from a combination of preposition and object, with the addition of a verbal ending, as aborder from phr. à bord, aboutir from à bout, endosser from en dos, etc.; also to the derivatives of these, as en-table-ment, etc. Many of these parasynthetic derivatives have entered Eng. from French, e.g. accost, embark, endorse, imprison; but native formations of this kind are rarely if ever made in Eng. Our parasynthetic derivatives chiefly consist of adjs. and ns. formed by combining two words in some grammatical relation, and adding to the combination a formative suffix; e.g. from black eye, black-eyed, from silk hat, silk-hatted, from all ages, all-aged, from big end, big-ender, from free trade, free-trader, from at home, at-homeish, at-homeishness, at-homeness, from get at, get-at-able, etc. Thus black-eyed, big-ender, etc., notwithstanding the hyphen, are not formed from black + eyed, big + ender, etc., but from black eye + -ed, big end + -er, etc., the suffix indicating a formation not upon the element next to it, but upon the combination of the two elements, which, of themselves, without the suffix, are only in grammatical collocation.
1862[see prec.]. 1884(April) N.E.D. s.v. Ash sb.2, 8. Comb. a. In a similative relation..passing into parasynthetic compounds, as ash-bellied..ash-coloured. 1884A. M. Elliot in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. July 186 (heading), Verbal parasynthetics in a- in the Romance languages. Ibid. 187 That species of word-creation commonly designated as parasynthetic covers an extensive part of the Romance field, both in its noun and verb-development, and is usually found more abundant in the later than in the earlier periods of these languages. Ibid. 192. Ibid. 194.
So ‖ paraˈsyntheton, pl. -eta [a. Gr. παρασύνθετον, neut. used subst.], a parasynthetic formation.
[Cf. Chœrob. C. 477. 21 in Chandler Grk. Accent. (ed. 2) §417 Παρασύνθετον δὲ τὸ ἀπὸ συνθέτου γιγνόµενον, ώς ἀπὸ τού ἀντίγονος συνθέτου γίνεται τὸ ἀντιγονίζω παρασύνθετον.] Used in German by Diez Gramm. Rom. Spr. (ed. 3. 1869) and in the French transl. by G. Paris and Morel Fatio 1874 (II. 388).
1870March Compar. Gram. Anglo-S. Lang. 134 Parasyntheta are derivatives from compounds. 1884A. M. Elliott in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. July 198 The Neo-Latin parasyntheta in their origin are independent so far as form is concerned, having, however, models in the Latin literary and especially Folk language that would suggest them, e.g. similare, assimilare. |