| 释义 |
para-state|ˈpærəsteɪt|
[f. para-1 + state n. IV.]
An institution or body which takes on some of the roles of civil government or political authority; an agency through which the state works indirectly. Also attrib. Hence paraˈstatal a. and n.
1959Listener 5 Feb. 245/2 He [sc. Lenin] described the proletarian dictatorship as a sort of a para-state.., a state progressively dissolving in society and working towards its own extinction. 1966Economist 24 Sept. 1233/3 Since the [Tunisian] government is only too keen to load off its shares.., there is developing a group of what are called para-state industries, with both government and private capital. 1969Nationalist (Dar es Salaam) 25 Jan. 1/4 The Vice-President told the workers that the aim of opening TANU branches in industries and parastatal organisations was to strengthen the political role of the Party. 1969Reporter (Nairobi) 13 June 20/3, 65 per cent of parastatal investment would also come from within the country. 1971Guardian Weekly 23 Oct. 6 The parastatals were still almost wholly outside central control. 1971P. A. Allum Politics & Society Post-War Naples (1973) i. 38 The public administration groups a plethora of institutions and para-state agencies{ddd}prefecture, field offices of ministries, municipalities, state banks (Bank of Naples) ISVEIMER, IRI, ENI, etc. 1974J. White tr. Poulantzas's Fascism & Dictatorship iii. i. 74 A whole series of hidden parallel networks, operating as the channels of real communication of real power and decisions, varying from the emergence of pressure groups and private militia..to the setting up of virtual para-state networks. 1974Daily News (Tanzania) 13 Sept. 5/6 Employees of hotels, bars and parastatal organisations in Shinyanga Region who fail to enrol in adult education courses by the end of this month will be sacked. 1976Nigerian Herald 20 July 5/1 In terms of depth of investigation and the sheer volume of assignment, the Odje Commission of Inquiry, which probed parastatals in the Bendel State, is remarkably unprecedented. |