| 释义 |
▪ I. pap, n.1|pæp|
Forms: 3–7 pappe, 4–6 papp, 4–7 (chiefly Sc.) pape, (Sc. 5–6 palp, 6 paup, pawp), 4– pap.
[ME. pappe, in northern and north-midl. writings, and app. from Scandinavian. Not recorded in ON. or MSw., but pappe, papp is widely diffused in Sw. dialects (Rietz); also ENorw. dial. pappe, North Fris. pap, pape, and dim. papke (Outzen) all in sense ‘nipple, teat, breast giving suck’; cf. Lith. pāpas in same sense. Supposed, like the next, to have its origin in the sound made by an infant in opening and shutting the lips, as associated with the notion of food.]
1. A teat or nipple:
a. of a woman's breast (now arch. or northern);
b. a teat of a beast (chiefly northern);
c. the corresponding part of a man, the mamilla (chiefly literary, somewhat arch.).
a.c1200Ormin 6441 Þatt fedd himm wiþþ þatt illke millc þatt comm off hire pappe. a1225Ancr. R. 330 Bi þeo tittes [MS. T. pappes] þet he sec þe milc þet hine uedde. a1300Cursor M. 16659 Blisced..Þe papp þat neuer suken was. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 6767 Als a childe þat sittes in þe moder lappe And when it list, soukes hir pappe. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxxiv. (1495) i vj b/2 The pappes is a nedfull membre to fede and nourysshe the chylde. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxx. (Percy Soc.) 146 Her pappes round & therto right prety. 1513Douglas æneis i. Prol. 474 The sweit liquare of thi palpis quhite. 1526Tindale Luke xi. 27 The pappes [so 1611; Wyclif teetis; R.V. breasts] which gave the sucke. 1552Lyndesay Monarche 4009 The barren paupis, than thay sall blys. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa Introd. 33 These women..seare off their left paps, that they might not be an hinderance vnto them in their shooting. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. i. iii. (1651) 56, I have seen those that..dryed up womens Paps, cured Gout, Palsie: by touch alone. 1669–70Dryden Tyrannic Love v. i, Her paps then let the bearded tenters stake. 1701Ray Creation (ed. 3) ii. 236. [Now in ordinary use in Sc. and North Eng. to Lancash. and Lincolnsh.]
b.1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 212 The Mannatee or Cowfish..creepes vpon her paps. 1759Brown Compl. Farmer 49 She had as many teats or paps as pigs. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 299 The distinctions of quadrupedes, or animals with paps, as he [Buffon] calls them. Mod. (north. and north midl.) A cow's paps.
c.c1440York Myst. xl. 103 Inne with a spere-poynte atte þe pappe To the harte full thraly he throste hym. 1526Tindale Rev. i. 13 One lyke vnto the sonne of man..gyrd aboute the pappes [so 1611; Wyclif teetis; R.V. at the breasts] with a golden gyrdle. c1611Chapman Iliad iv. 517 He strook him at his breast's right pap. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull iii. App. i, Whether the said Timothy Trim and Jack were the same person? which was proved..by a mole under the left pap. 1870Bryant Iliad II. xv. 103 Beneath the pap, it smote him as he came.
2. transf. Something resembling a pap in form.
a. A small round tumour or swelling; a pimple. pap of the hause (Sc.: see halse n.2): the uvula.
1552Huloet, Pappe or pyle in the fundment of a man Annates. 1639T. de Grey Compl. Horsem. 217 This whay is also good to cure..barbs, pappes, and all fevers. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 109 After the skin [of the porcupine] is taken off, there appear a kind of paps on those parts of the body from whence the large quills proceed. 1898N. Munro J. Splendid xxix, Just a tickling at the pap o' the hass, he said in English.
b. pl. Formerly, a name for two (or more) conical hill summits, rising side by side; still retained in local nomenclature.
1632Lithgow Trav. iii. 123 The length of Troy hath been..fifteene English miles; lying along the sea side betweene the three Papes of Ida. 1703Martin Western Isl. 231 There are four Hills of a considerable heighth; the two highest are well known to Sea-faring Men, by the Name of the Paps of Jurah. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 104 There being two Mountains appearing like Paps..those they told us were the Paps over that Harbour. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. ix. 228 We observed two remarkable hummocks, such as are usually called paps. 1774Pennant Voy. Hebrides 217 The other paps are seen very distinctly; each inferior in height to this, but all of the same figure, perfectly mamillary. 1873Black Pr. Thule xxv, The great ‘Paps of Jura’ were hidden in the mist.
3. attrib. and Comb., as † pap-bone (app.) a name for each of the pair of ribs beneath the paps; † pap-head, the nipple; pap-pox, a name for cow-pox; pap-shell, a name for the limpet.
1581Mulcaster Positions xiv. (1887) 65 This kind of laughing..oftimes therewith both the *papbones be loosed.
1530Palsgr. 251/2 *Pappeheed, bout de la mamelle. 1610Markham Masterp. ii. clix. 469 In the searing you shall see the ends of the veines start out like pape heads.
1889Lancet 9 Mar. 503/2 A possible origin of the term Cow-pox or *Pap-pox.
1842Johnston in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. No. 10. 36 The Limpet..shell is often used to apply Fuller's earth, and similar remedies, to the sore nipples of nurses; hence probably the origin of ‘*Pap-shell’, which Lister tells us is one of its English names.
1615Crooke Body of Man 157 The Mammarie or *Pap-veines and Arteries.
▪ II. pap, n.2|pæp|
Forms: 5 papp, 5–7 pape, 6 pappe, (Sc. paup), 5– pap.
[Known from 15th c. Corresponds to MLG., LG. pappe, MG. pappe, pap, Ger. pappe, papp, Du. pap (1573 Plantijn). Cf. also OF. papa (13th c. in Godef.), Walloon pape, Sp., Pg. papa, It. pappa ‘pap for children, any kind of pap or water-grewell’, pappare ‘to feede with pap’ (Florio), also L. pāpa (pappa) ‘the word with which infants call for food’, pappāre (papāre) to eat pap; med.L. pappa pap. As the word appears to originate (like pap n.1) in the early utterance of infants, it may have been formed independently in various langs.]
1. a. Soft or semi-liquid food for infants or invalids, made of bread, meal, etc., moistened with water or milk. Also fig.; spec. in U.S., a political appointment or grant; patronage, ‘graft’.
c1430Voc. in Wr.-Wü lcker 600/22 Papatum, pap. 1530Palsgr. 251/2 Pappe meate for chyldre, boville. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 89 Will you haue an Englishe infant, whiche liueth with pappe to bee your Kyng and gouernor? 1597–8Bp. Hall Sat. iv. ii. 33 Or water-grewell, or those paups of meale That Maro makes his Simule and Cybeale. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 84/1 Pap, of Nurses called papes, is Milk and Flour boiled together. 1781Cowper Conversation 480 Give it the breast, or stop its mouth with pap! 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 392 To begin with milky arrowroot..then to pass on to boiled pap of breadcrumb and milk.
fig.1548Udall Erasm. Par. Pref. 14 Pappe for yonglinges in the feith. a1631Donne Lett., to Sir T. Lucey (1651) 13 Many doctrines..have place in the pap of Catechismes. 1825Delaware (Ohio) Patron 10 Feb. 3/2 An irresistible desire..to serve the state, and to taste a little of the ‘Treasury Pap’, impelled us towards the capital. 1826Scott Jrnl. 14 Sept., No man that ever wrote a line despised the pap of praise so heartily as I do. 1841Congress. Globe 26th Congress 2 Sess. App. 300/2 The very new States are nursed from their chrysalis territorial condition into existence upon Federal pap from the Executive spoon. 1862in J. B. Ranck Albert Gallatin Brown (1937) 217 Young, strong men..were feeding on government pap whilst wounded soldiers..were in a state of positive want. 1894Voice (N.Y.) 6 Sept. 1/6 The Prohibition Party is the only party that is not controlled by public pap-seeking politicians. 1894H. H. Gardener Unoff. Patriot 223 A self-indulgent moralist, who feeds expensive pap to his personal conscience, but gives a stone to his starving neighbor! 1965Chicago Schools Jrnl. Feb. 197/2 Most of the new clientele will have little taste for or interest in traditional literary values. This does not mean that we should give them over to pap. 1976Sounds 11 Dec. 34/2 To describe this record as ‘maudlin pap’ must be extremely hurtful to Bernie Taupin. His lyrics are the result of his own poignant experience of a broken marriage. 1977Lebende Sprachen XXII. 10/2 The spoils of office, the rewards for political activities..are called sweets, fat, spices, pap (baby food), plum, pie, persimmon, melon, pork, grease, and gravy. 1977Rolling Stone 21 Apr. 84/3 Spector retreated into an increasingly contrived world of sound, lavishing his skill and money on cutting..such soft-core pap as the Righteous Brothers ‘Unchained Melody’.
†b. pap with a hatchet: an obs. ironical phrase.
This expression, says Park (in editing Harl. Misc. 1808), ‘seems to have been a cant phrase for doing a kind thing in an unkind manner; as it would be so to feed an infant’. But the sense appears rather to be ‘the administration of punishment under the ironical style of a kindness or benefit’. It was the title of an anonymous pamphlet in the Marprelate controversy attributed to John Lyly by Gabriel Harvey (Pierce's Supererogation 69), who also frequently styles the author Papp-hatchet.
1589? Lyly (title) Pappe with an Hatchet. 1589G. Harvey Pierce's Super. (1593) 69 Would God, Lilly had always been Euphues, and neuer Papp-hatchet; that old acquaintance [i.e. Harvey himself] is neither lullabied with thy sweete Papp, nor scarre-crowed with thy sower hatchet. 1592― Foure Lett. ii. Wks. (Grosart) I. 164, I neither name Martin-mar-prelate: nor shame Papp wyth a hatchet. 1594Lyly Moth. Bomb. i. iii. 104 They give us pap with a spoone before we can speake, and when we speake for that wee love, pap with a hatchet. 1615A. Niccholes Disc. Marr. ix. 30 He that so old seekes for a nurse so yong, shall haue pappe with a Hatchet for his comfort. 1719D'Urfey Pills IV. 329 A Custard was to him Pap with a Hatchet.
2. a. Anything of the consistence of the preceding; a soft semi-liquid substance; a mash, paste, pulp (such as is made by mixing a powdery substance with water or some other liquid).
1435Misyn Fire of Love 90 Flee we þerfor bodily and warldly lufe..qwos flowre is anoytt with gall, & þe pape of neddyrs. 1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 776 Of the pap of barley and the broth of lupines make a cataplasm. 1678Evelyn Diary 24 July, They cull the rags..then stamp them in troughs to a papp with pestles or hammers like the powder-mills. 1691Ray Creation i. (1692) 139 An oily Pap or Liniment. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1010 The clay..is conveyed into a cylindrical vat, to be worked into a pap with water.
†b. The pulp of an apple, esp. when roasted.
1594Plat Jewell-ho. ii. 45 [To] be giuen in powder, in the pappe of an apple. 1633Hart Diet of Diseased iii. xv. 287, I hold it not amisse to take Pills in the pap of a rosted apple. a1691Boyle Med. Exp. i. 1 Let the Patient take it at Bed-time in the Pap of an Apple. 1761Sterne Tr. Shandy III. xvi, A child's head is naturally as soft as the pap of an apple.
3. Comb., as pap-bottle, pap-devourer, pap-food, pap-maker, pap-meat, pap-pan, pap-spoon; pap-feed vb. pap-warmer, formerly, a contrivance for keeping food or drink warm, usu. incorporating a night-lamp. See also pap-boat.
1857Hughes Tom Brown ii. ii, Put him in with plenty of cotton-wool and a *pap-bottle.
1841Thackeray St. Philip's Day at Paris Wks. 1900 XIII. 552 The fools..who have gratified the young *pap-devourer with the present of a fine sword.
1809Cobbett Pol. Reg. XV. 872 This measure has been..nursed and dandled, rocked, swathed, and *pap-fed by..whom?
1905Daily Chron. 13 May 4/5 Too prolonged use of artificially digested and ‘*pap-foods’ must be avoided.
1590Nashe Pasquil's Apol. i. B ij b, I warrant you the cunning *Pap-maker knewe what he did.
c1440Promp. Parv. 382/1 *Papmete for chylder, papatum. 1869Tennyson Pelleas & Ettarre 188 Keep him off, And pamper him with papmeat, if ye will.
1458Will of Guybon (Somerset Ho.), *Pappepanne. 1533in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 155 My best panne, my best cawdren, a pape panne.
1792Wolcott (P. Pindar) Odes to Kien Long ii. xxiv, His sacred *Pap-spoon, and the Virgin's Dish. 1841Emerson Lect., Conservative Wks. II. 274 His social frame is..a universe in slippers and flannels, with bib and pap-spoon.
1920W. J. Pountney Old Bristol Potteries x. 141 Another most interesting piece..is a caudle cup or pap warmer. 1961L. G. G. Ramsey Connoisseur New Guide Antique Eng. Pott., Porc. & Glass 66 Food warmers, catalogued as pap-warmers, performed the duties of night-light shelter as well as keeping liquids warm enough to drink during the night. 1969E. H. Pinto Treen 122 The majority of wooden night-light holders are combined with pap warmers.
▪ III. pap, n.3|pæp|
Abbreviation of papa1. Also applied to an older man. Chiefly U.S.
1844Knickerbocker XXIII. 15 They said, pap wasn't at home. 1854M. J. Holmes Tempest & Sunshine v. 69 Come here, and shake your old pap's paw. 1886C. M. Yonge Chantry House I. xxi. 207 She never took liberties with him, nor called him Pap or any other ridiculous name. 1899A. Nicholas Idyl of Wabash 53 His pap left him right smart of a lump. 1924W. M. Raine Troubled Waters ii. 24 There can't any of you..run me out the way you did Pap Thomson. 1955D. W. Maurer in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xxiv. 105 A pappy (or pap) is an elderly man.
▪ IV. pap, v.1
[f. pap n.2 Cf. It. pappāre to eat pap.]
1. trans. To feed with pap; to feed up.
a1616Beaum. & Fl. Custom of Country iv. iv, Oh, that his body were not flesh, and fading! But I'll so pap him up—Nothing too dear for him. 1820Examiner No. 657. 721/1 It had been..swaddled, and papped, and called beautiful like its father. 1878E. Jenkins Haverholme 97 The babies..were taken in, and papped, and provided with toys and soothing syrups.
†2. To treat with pap; to apply a pap or pulp to.
1658A. Fox Wurtz' Surg. i. viii. 34 Which moisture..turnes into a water, as we see it in such wounds which are thus papp'd up.
3. To make into pap.
1927Observer 6 Feb. 14/4 This does not mean papping food for babes; it means speaking intelligibly to grown⁓ups.
▪ V. pap, v.2
[Echoic.]
intr. To make a noise of which pap is an imitation.
1837Thackeray Ravenswing ii, Big square-toed shoes with which he went papping down the street.
▪ VI. pap
Sc. dial. form of pop v. |