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单词 overthrow
释义 I. overthrow, n.|ˈəʊvəθrəʊ|
I. [f. overthrow v.]
1. a. An act of overthrowing; the fact of being overthrown; defeat, discomfiture; deposition from power; subversion, destruction, ruin.
1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 758 Sundry victoryes had he, and sometyme ouerthrowes.c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xxi. 31 This is not þe first ourthraw That thow hes done to me.1593Shakes. Rich. II, v. vi. 16 Two of the dangerous consorted Traitors, That sought at Oxford, thy dire ouerthrow.1669Gale Crt. Gentiles I. iii. xi. 115 Their often recoveries from so many Overthrows and Captivities.1774Chesterfield's Lett. I. xx. 87 Camillus..came upon the Gauls in the rear..and gave them a total overthrow.1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1876) I. [II.] i. ii. 91 Mere material power was not adequate to the overthrow of the Saracenic sovereignty.
b. Phr. to give the overthrow, to defeat, overthrow; to have the overthrow, to be defeated.
1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 16 In this fight the Elephant had the ouerthrowe.1564Haward Eutropius vii. 61 When these three capytaines were gone forthe againste Antonius they gave him thouverthrow.1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 106 We are like to haue the ouerthrow againe.1601Jul. C. v. ii. 5 And sodaine push giues them the ouerthrow.
c. That which overthrows or brings down.
1581Mulcaster Positions vi. (1887) 44 These foure ouerthrowes of our bodies and health, olde age, waste, aire, and violence.1607–12Bacon Ess., Empire (Arb.) 298 Vespasian asked him what was Neroes ouerthrowe.
d. The state of being overthrown.
1903Daily Chron. 12 Sept. 5/1 Half a dozen great trees were torn up by the roots, and lay in disorderly overthrow ready for the saws.1906F. Thompson Ode Eng. Martyrs in Wks. (1913) II. 136 Till she shall know This lesson in her overthrow: Hardest servitude has he That's jailed in arrogant liberty.
2. Geol. An overturning or inversion of strata.
1891Duke of Argyll in 19th Cent. Jan. 19 The overthrows and the overthrusts, the sinkings and the underthrusts, which have inverted the order of original formation.
3. Anything thrown overboard. nonce-use.
1885–94R. Bridges Eros & Psyche Nov. xxiv, Like twin sharks that in a fair ship's wake Swim constant..and hasty ravin make Of overthrow or offal.
II. [f. over- 13.]
4. In Cricket: A return of the ball by a fielder in which it is not caught or stopped near the wicket, giving the batsman opportunity of making further runs. In Baseball: A throwing of the ball over or beyond the player to whom it is thrown.
1748in H. T. Waghorn Dawn of Cricket (1906) 21 To play or pay, bye balls, and overthrows to count.1749in Waghorn Cricket-Scores (1899) 43 Five of Addington Club challenge any five in England for 50 guineas, to play bye-balls and overthrows.1849Laws of Cricket in ‘Bat’ Crick. Man. (1850) 60 Neither byes nor overthrows shall be allowed.1856Spirit of Times 8 Nov. 165/1 Gessner [made]..three homes in succession, one of them being helped by an overthrow.1891W. G. Grace Cricket 258 He must back up the wicket-keeper to save overthrows.1949Telephone-Reg. (McMinnville, Oregon) 4 Aug. 1/2 There is no sliding and a player cannot run on overthrows.1955Times 13 July 3/4 The Middlesex fielding was uncertain and Warwickshire were helped by indiscriminate throwing, which led to many over-throws.
5. Archit. A panel of decorated wrought-iron work forming the architrave of a gateway or arch.
1911J. S. Gardner English Ironwork 17th & 18th Centuries 26 The base of the overthrow took the form of a latticed girder, or two bars braced together by scrolls.1932Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Nov. 835/2 Making artistic ironwork—gates simple or elaborate, with or without ‘overthrows’.1957R. Lister Decorative Wrought Ironwork Gt. Brit. iii. 89 The overthrow, a composition built up from sixteen simple scrolls, reaches up symmetrically in the centre of the stretcher..terminating into a large disc bearing a garter and shield, and crested by a coronet.1971Illustr. London News Oct. 54/1 A good quality 18th century Italian Istrian marble wellhead with wrought iron overthrow.1975Oxf. Compan. Decorative Arts 481/2 The overthrows of the gates, swollen to gigantic size, plainly prefigure the Rococo.
II. overthrow, v.|əʊvəˈθrəʊ|
[f. over- 6, 27 + throw v., q.v. for Forms. Takes the place of overcast, as that did of overwarp, OE. oferweorpan.]
1. a. trans. To throw (a person or thing) over upon its side or upper surface; to upset, overturn; to knock (a structure) down and so demolish it.
c1330Owayn Miles 23 So bitter and so cold it blewe That alle the soules it ouer threwe That lay in purgatory.1362Langl. P. Pl. A. ix. 31 Þe wynt wolde with þe water þe Bot ouer-þrowe.c1400Sowdone Bab. 388 Every man Shulde withe Pikeys or with bille The Wallis over throwe.1484Caxton Fables of æsop v. xii, The wulf ouerthrewe the dogge vpsodoune to the ground.a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxxxi. 242 He ouerthrewe cuppes and dysshes upon the table.1535Coverdale Jonah iii. 4 There are yet xl. dayes, and then shal Niniue be ouerthrowen.1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xi. 54 To ouerset or ouerthrow a ship, is by bearing too much saile you bring her Keele vpwards, or on shore ouerthrow her by grounding her, so that she falls vpon one side.a1704T. Brown On Dk. Ormond's Recov. Wks. 1730 I. 49 Your sacred seats by cruel rage o'erthrown.1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 159 One who is already prostrate cannot be overthrown.
b. To turn (a wheel) upside down. Obs.
1390Gower Conf. I. 8 After the tornynge of the whiel, Which blinde fortune overthroweth.
2. fig. To cast down from a position of prosperity or power; to defeat, overcome, vanquish; to ruin, destroy, or reduce to impotence.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. metr. i. 22 (Camb. MS.) A whiht is seyn weleful And ouerthrowe [by Fortune] in an houre.c1449Pecock Repr. 208 Alle the repugners ben openli ouerthrowe.1470–85Malory Arthur i. xvii, Yonder xj kynges at this tyme wyll not be ouerthrowen.a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV 204 b, Hys partye was ouerthrowen and vanquyshed.1602Warner Alb. Eng. ix. lii. 233 For peace we warre, a peruerse warre that doth our selues ore-throe.1712–14Pope Rape Lock iii. 61 Mighty Pam, that Kings and Queens o'erthrew.1894Times (weekly ed.) 19 Jan. 57/1 He..was overthrown with Thiers seven days afterwards.
3. a. To overturn (any established or existing condition or order of things, a device, theory, plan, etc.); to subvert, ruin, bring to nought, demolish.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 357 (385) Who wolde haue wend þat yn so lytel a þrowe Fortune oure Ioye wolde han ouer-þrowe.a1548Hall Chron., Rich. III 49 b, Suche thinges as were..to be set forward, were nowe dasshed and ouerthrowen to the grounde.1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. iii. 65 Here's Gloster,..That seekes to ouerthrow Religion.1611Bible 2 Tim. ii. 18 Who..ouerthrow the faith of some.1798Malthus Popul. (1817) II. 75 This overthrows at once the supposition of any thing like uniformity in the proportion of births.1868Lightfoot Phil. (1873) 94 He determined to overthrow the worship of the one true God.
b. To bring down or put an end by force to (an institution, a government).
a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 27 His authoritie sould be contempnit and the commonweill..ovirthrawin.1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. iii. 74 This Oriental empire..shall one day be cleane ouer⁓throwen.1727De Foe Syst. Magic i. ii, The Persians..over⁓threw their empire.1847Mrs. A. Kerr Servia 422 Thus was overthrown a government raised up by the force of events.
4.
a. To cast down or upset in mental or bodily state (obs.).
b. To overturn or destroy the normal sound condition of (the mind).
c1374Chaucer Boeth. i. pr. iv. 13 (Camb. MS.), I se þat goode men beth ouerthrowen for drede of my peril.1562Turner Baths 1 They [brimstone baths] undo and ouer⁓throwe the stomack.1602Shakes. Ham. iii. i. 158 O what a Noble minde is heere o're-throwne!1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. vi. iii. (1651) 306 They..contract filthy diseases,..overthrow their bodies.1816J. Wilson City of Plague iii. i. 321 O misery! His mind is overthrown.
5. intr. To fall over or down, tumble; to throw oneself or be thrown down. Obs.
13..Sir Beues (A.) 2850 Tweies a ros and tweies a fel, Þe þredde tim ouer-þrew in þe wel; Þar inne a lai vp riȝt.1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 269 Whan Crist entrede into Egipt, þe mawmettes overþrewe and fil doun.c1450Merlin 53 His palfrey stombled on his knees, and he ouer⁓threw, and brakke hys neke.1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xl. (Percy Soc.) 44 Warre ones begon, it is hard to know Who shall abyde and who shall overthrowe.1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 29 The best cart maie ouerthrowe.
6. trans. To throw farther than is necessary or desired; to throw too far; spec. in Cricket, to throw (the ball) beyond or wide of the wicket, so as to concede overthrows.
1833Field Bk. 141/1 The batters may take the advantage of running when a ball has been over-thrown.1862Chambers's Encycl. III. 320/1 Misconception of this [distance] may lead to overthrowing the ball, or throwing it short.1875Baily's Mag. Apr. 403 A ball..overthrown, on the ground where he learnt his cricket, means the loss of four, five, or even six or seven runs.
Hence overˈthrowable a., capable of being overthrown.
1653Boyle Let. to Mallet 23 Sept., Wks. 1772 I. Life 53 Which..I found, though hardly overthrowable in equity, yet to be questionable in strictness of law.
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