| 释义 |
appeasement|əˈpiːzmənt|
For forms see appease v.
[a. OFr. apaisement, apeisement, n. of action f. apaisier: see appease and -ment.]
1. The action or process of appeasing; pacification, satisfaction.
1430Instruct. Ambass. in Rymer Fœdera (1710) X. 725 To peine hem to th' Appesement of these Werres. 1579Fenton Guicciard. xv. (1599) 690 For appeasement of their ancient controuersies. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 223 They might possibly sacrifice thereunto..for its Appeasement and Mitigation. 1836–7Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. xlii. (1870) II. 433 It is..altogether different to feel hunger and thirst, as states of pain, and to desire or will their appeasement.
†2. The instrumentality or means of appeasing; propitiation. Obs.
1561T. N[orton] Calvin's Inst. iii. 245 Jesus Christ y⊇ righteous is the appeasement for our sinnes. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 295 To have found out Expiations for wicked Actions..and Appeasments of the Divine Displeasure.
3. The result of appeasing; the state of being appeased; pacification, satisfaction.
1586Webbe Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 39 The Comedies ..alwayes ended to the ioy and appeasement of all parties. a1627Hayward Edw. VI, 54 They were reduced to some good appeasement. 1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. iii. (1852) 79 He has no pleasure in witnessing suffering..he cannot derive the least appeasement from it.
4. Freely used in political contexts in the 20th century, and since 1938 often used disparagingly with allusion to the attempts at conciliation by concession made by Mr. Neville Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister, before the outbreak of war with Germany in 1939; by extension, any such policy of pacification by concession to an enemy.
1919Gen. Smuts' Messages to Empire: Problem of Peace 14 In our policy of European settlement the appeasement of Germany..becomes one of cardinal importance. 1920W. S. Churchill Let. 24 Mar. in World Crisis: Aftermath (1929) xvii. 378 Here again I counsel prudence and appeasement. Try to secure a really representative Turkish governing authority, and come to terms with it. 1929J. M. Keynes in Nation & Athenæum 9 Mar. 782/2 Apart from Russia, Mr. Churchill appears, in a degree to which public opinion has done much less than justice, as an ardent and persistent advocate of the policy of appeasement—appeasement in Germany, in Ireland, in Turkey. 1934Ld. Lothian Let. in Times 4 May 15/5 A limitation of armaments by political appeasement. 1936A. Eden in Hansard Commons 5th Ser. CCCX. 1446, I assure the House that it is the appeasement of Europe as a whole that we have constantly before us. 1937W. K. Hancock Survey Brit. Commonw. Affairs I. 262 Equality and Appeasement, 1926–1936. 1938Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 1938 194/1 Economic appeasement must precede any world-wide political appeasement. 1938Times 3 Oct. 13/2 The policy of international appeasement must of course be pressed forward... There must be appeasement not only of the strong but of the weak... With the policy of appeasement must go the policy of preparation—preparation not so much for war as against war. 1939Ann. Reg. 1938 10 One of the new Foreign Minister's first steps was to extend to Germany the methods of appeasement—as the Prime Minister was fond of calling them—which were now being tried with Italy. 1939New Statesman 29 July 165/1 First, provided that there is a Russian pact, proposals that now smell of appeasement in the most dangerous sense at once become proper and, indeed, the only possible policy.
transf.1940Mind XLIX. 327 Thus objectivity or qualified spatio-temporality is the ‘Lebensraum’ provided for the ‘appeasement’ of the finite actus-potentia. 1949F. Maclean Eastern Approaches iii. iv. 351 Clearly appeasement formed no part of her nature. |