| 释义 |
▪ I. † oliver1 Obs.
[a. AF. oliver = OF. olivier olive-tree, doublet of olivaire:—L. olīvāri-us of or pertaining to an olive: cf. med.L. olīvārium olive garden or grove.]
An olive-tree.
13..K. Alis. 5785 (MS. Bodl.) And founden appel trewes, and fygeres, Peryes, cypres, and Olyuers. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 46 And they brende..alle hire Olyueres and vynes eke.
▪ II. oliver2|ˈɒlɪvə(r)|
[Origin uncertain.]
A tilt-hammer having the arm or handle attached to an axle, worked with the foot by a treadle which brings the hammer down, and with a spring which raises it; used esp. in the shaping of nails, bolts, and the like.
Such a contrivance is described in 1686 by Plot Oxfordsh. 390 ‘A large sledg..set in an axis of wood, from whence goes a rodd of iron fastned to a pallet that reaches out a little beyond the anvil, which being drawn by the foot of the smith..is returned again by three springs of holly that clasp the axis the contrary way.’ This mention of ‘springs of holly’, together with the variant holliper in quot. 1883, has suggested that the origin may be found in holly, although the established spelling (which evidently goes back to times anterior to living memory) points to the proper name Oliver.
1846Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. 962 The Oliver, or small lift hammer..was used when the author first saw it, in making long stout nails, intended for fixing the tires of wheels. 1869Eng. Mech. 31 Dec. 387/1. 1881 Greener Gun 257 The iron pins are..stamped upon olivers, in much the same manner as described for stamping with dies. 1882Standard 26 Dec. 2/3 The ‘Oliver’..on the top of which is fixed the stamp of the particular pattern and size of the nail required to be made. 1883Crane Smithy & F. (1885) 30 The ‘Oliver’ or ‘Holliper’ consists of a top and bottom swage united by a spring. 1896Cyclist 8 Jan. 26/2 The brazers' and smiths' hearths..By them are the steam olivers and stamping presses.
Hence ˈoliverman, a man who works an oliver.
1883B'ham Daily Post 11 Oct., Oliverman wanted, at once, used to small Coach Bolts. |