| 释义 |
▪ I. ode|əʊd|
Also 7 oade.
[a. F. ode (c 1500 in Hatz.-Darm.), = It., Sp., Pg. oda, ad. late and med.L. ōda, earlier also ōdē, a. Gr. ὠδή (contracted from ἀοιδή) song, f. ἀείδειν to sing.]
1. a. In reference to ancient literature (and in some early uses of the word in English): A poem intended or adapted to be sung; e.g. the Odes of Pindar, of Anacreon, of Horace. Choral Odes, the songs of the Chorus in a Greek play, etc.; spec. a short Old English poem, esp. The Battle of Brunanburh. b. In modern use: A rimed (rarely unrimed) lyric, often in the form of an address; generally dignified or exalted in subject, feeling, and style, but sometimes (in earlier use) simple and familiar (though less so than a song).
It rarely extends to 150 lines, and some poems so named are quite short, though prob. the name would not now be given to such. The metre in longer odes is usually irregular (e.g. Dryden Alexander's Feast, Wordsworth Intimations of Immortality), or consists of stanzas regularly varied (Gray's Pindaric Odes); but, in shorter ‘odes’, sometimes of uniform stanzas (Gray's shorter odes).
1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 99 Once more Ile read the Ode that I haue writ. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie i. xxx. (Arb.) 72 Out of the primitiue Greeke and Latine, as Comedie, Tragedie, Ode, Epitaphe, Elegie, Epigramme, and other moe. 1609Heywood Brit. Troy xii. xviii, They Oades and Cantons sing. 1629Milton Ode Nativity 24 O run, prevent them with thy humble ode, And lay it lowly at his blessed feet. 1755Gray (title) The Progress of Poesy, a Pindaric Ode. 1770T. Percy tr. Mallet's Northern Antiquities II. 196 Compare the Anglo-Saxon Ode on Athelstan's Victory, preserved in the Saxon Chronicle. 1783Cowper Lett. 4 Aug., We have few good English odes. 1798S. Henshall Saxon & Eng. Lang. 39 The first specimen we shall exhibit is the conclusion of a Saxon Ode on a Victory of King Athelstan's. 1803–6Wordsworth (title) Ode. Intimations of Immortality. 1805― Ode to Duty, This ode is on the model of Gray's Ode to Adversity, which is copied from Horace's Ode to Fortune. 1807S. Turner Hist. Anglo-Saxons (ed. 2) II. 323 It will be sufficient to add to the already copious specimens of the Anglo-Saxon poetry, the following Ode, which is appended to the menology. 1825Macaulay Ess., Milton (1887) 7 The Greek drama..sprung from the ode. 1847F. Madden Laȝamon's Brut I. p. xxiii, No one can read his descriptions of battles and scenes of strife without being reminded of the Ode on æthelstan's victory at Brunanburh. 1852Tennyson (title) Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington. 1871H. Sweet in W. C. Hazlitt Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry II. 7 There are only two poems of any merit to which we can assign with any certainty a southern origin. These are the ode on the battle of Brunanburh, and the narrative of the battle of Maldon, which were, no doubt, composed immediately after the events they record. 1885Theod. Watts in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 270/2 Enthusiasm is, in the nature of things, the very basis of the ode; for the ode is a monodrama, the actor in which is the poet himself. Ibid. 272/1 Coleridge's Ode to France, the finest ode in the English language, according to Shelley. 1890R. G. Moulton Anc. Class. Drama ix. 296 From the entry of the Chorus a comedy consists in the alternation of Episodes and Choral Odes to any number of each.
fig.1841–4Emerson Ess., Poet Wks. (Bohn) I. 164 A tempest is a rough ode, without falsehood or rant.
2. Gr. Church. Each of the nine Scripture canticles; also, each song or hymn of a series called the canon of the odes.
1881Ld. Selborne in Encycl. Brit. XII. 580/1 The system [of Greek hymnody] has a peculiar technical terminology, in which the words ‘troparion’, ‘ode’, ‘canon’..chiefly require explanation. The troparion is the unit of the system, being a strophe or stanza..divisible into verses or clauses, with regulated cæsuras... An ode is a song or hymn compounded of several similar troparia—usually three, four, or five... A system of three or four odes is ‘triodion’ or ‘tetraodion’. A canon is a system of eight (theoretically nine) connected odes, the second being always suppressed.
3. Comb., as ode-factor, ode-maker, ode-metre, ode-writing; ode-composing adj.; odeman, a writer of odes.
a1737Pope Lett., to Ladies iv. Wks. 1737 V. 122 My supper was..with a great Poet and Ode-maker. 1748Armstrong Univ. Almanac Nov., They'll lie somewhat heavy upon the hands of the ode-factors. c1785–90Wolcott (P. Pindar) Progr. Curiosity Argt. ii, Laurelled Odeman. 1795― Coronation Bill Wks. 1812 III. 377 Ode-composing Peter. 1791Langton in Boswell Johnson an. 1780, A gentleman present..had been running down ode-writing in general, as a bad species of poetry. 1901Academy 14 Dec. 585/2 That so-called ‘irregular’ ode-metre which they [sc. Patmore and Henley] use in common.
▪ II. ode
obs. form of odd, woad. |