| 释义 |
neuro-|ˈnjʊərəʊ|
combining form of Gr. νεῦρον nerve, used in a number of scientific terms, chiefly Anat. and Path., as neuroaˈnatomy, the anatomy of the nervous system; hence ˌneuroanaˈtomical a., neuroaˈnatomist; neurobiˈology, the branch of biology which deals with nervous tissue; hence ˌneurobioˈlogical a., neurobiˈologist; ˌneurobioˈtaxis Biol. [bio- + taxis], a tendency of nerve cells, in the course both of development and of evolution, to remain close to their source of stimulation by migrating; so ˌneurobioˈtactic a.; ˈneuroblast, an embryonic nucleated cell from which the nerve-fibres originate; hence neuroˈblastic a.; neuroblaˈstoma (pl. -omas, -omata) Med. [-oma], a tumour composed of neuroblasts; spec. a malignant tumour composed of small cells with darkly staining nuclei and little cytoplasm, which is common in infants and usually appears in the adrenal gland; neuro-ˈcentral a., connected with the centrum and neural arch of a vertebra, esp. in neurocentral suture; neuro-ˈcentrum, one of the parts forming the neuro-central arch; neuroˈchemistry, (the study of) the chemical composition and processes of nervous tissue; hence neuroˈchemical a., -ˈchemist; ˈneurochord, a set of tubular fibres on the dorsal aspect of the ventral nerve-cord in annulates and crustaceans; ˌneurocircuˈlatory a. Med., of or pertaining to the nervous system and the circulatory system jointly; chiefly in neurocirculatory asthenia = irritable heart s.v. irritable a. 2 b; neuroˈclonic a., characterized by nervous spasms; ˈneurocœle |-siːl|, the central cavity of the cerebrospinal system; hence neuroˈcœlian a.; neuroˈcranium Anat. = cranium 1 a; ˈneurocrine |-kraɪn| a. Physiol. [a. F. neurocrine (Masson & Berger 1923, in Compt. Rend. CLXXVI. 1750), after olocrine holocrine, endocrine endocrine, etc.], secreting or secreted directly into nervous tissue; ˈneurocyte [-cyte], a neurone, a nerve cell; hence neurocyˈtoma (pl. -omas, -omata) Med. [-oma], a tumour composed of nerve cells; neuro-ˈdendron (see quot.); neuroˈdermal a., pertaining to the epiblast; ˌneurodermaˈtitis (pl. -dermatitides) Path. [ad. F. névrodermite (Brocq & Jacquet 1891, in Ann. de Dermatol. et de Syphiligraphie II. 98)], lichen simplex chronicus or atopic dermatitis, esp. when aggravated by a nervous disorder; also more widely, = next; ˌneurodermaˈtosis (pl. -oses) Path., any skin disorder that is nervous or psychosomatic in nature; neuro-eˈffector a. Physiol., pertaining to or composed of both a nerve and an effector; also as n., a neuro-effector system; neuroeˈlectric a., of or pertaining to the electrical phenomena and properties of the nervous system; cf. nervoelectric adj. s.v. nervo-; also neuroeˈlectrical a. (rare), -elecˈtricity; neuroembryˈologist, a specialist or expert in neuroembryology; neuroembryˈology, the science which deals with the development of the nervous system in embryos; hence ˌneuroembryoˈlogic (chiefly U.S.), -ˈlogical adjs.; neuroˈendocrine a., involving both nervous and endocrine participation; ˌneuroendocriˈnology, the study of the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system; hence ˌneuroendocrinoˈlogical a., -endocriˈnologist; neuroenˈteric a. = neurenteric; neuroepiˈdermal a., pertaining to the nerves together with the epidermis (Syd. Soc. Lex.); neuroepiˈthelial a., pertaining to the nerves together with the epithelium; neuroˈfibril, -ˈfibrilla, any of the fibrils visible within the body of a nerve cell using light microscopy; hence neuroˈfibrillar, -ˈfibrillary adjs.; neurofiˈbroma (see quot.); neuroˈfilament, a long filamentary structure, typically about 100 ångströms in diameter, visible in the cytoplasm of neurones under electron microscopy; neuroˈglandular a., involving or possessing both glandular and nervous tissue or functions; neuroˈhæmal (U.S. -hemal) a., designating any of the organs, esp. among insects, which are composed of a group of nerve endings closely associated with the vascular system and are believed to have a neurosecretory function; neurohiˈstologist, an expert or specialist in neurohistology; neurohiˈstology, the histology of the nervous system or of nervous tissue; so ˌneurohistoˈlogic (chiefly U.S.), -ˈlogical adjs.; neurohypˈnology = neurypnology; so neurohypˈnotic a., -ˈhypnotism; ˌneuro-interˈmediate a. Anat., used to designate the posterior lobe (pars nervosa) of the neurohypophysis together with the adjacent pars intermedia (which is usu. regarded as part of the adenohypophysis); neuroˈkeratin, a substance closely resembling keratin, found in certain nerve-tissues; neuroˈkinin Med., a kinin reported to have been obtained from subcutaneous fluid in the scalp during attacks of migraine; ˈneurokyme Psychol. [ad. G. neurokym (O. Vogt 1895, in Zeitschr. f. Hypnotismus III. 300), f. Gr. κῦµ-α wave] (see quot. 1908); neurolinˈguistic a., of or connected with the application of neurology to linguistic research; so neuroˈlinguist, an expert or specialist in neurolinguistics; neurolinˈguistics n. pl. (const. as sing.), neurological linguistics; ˈneuromere, a part or segment of the nervous system; hence neuˈromerous a., characterized by a segmented nervous system; neurometaˈphysical a., characterized by a metaphysical view or treatment of nervous phenomena; neuˈrometer, a means of measuring the strength of the nerves; neuromiˈmesis, a form of neurosis characterized by imitative actions or pathological conditions; neurotic imitation of disease; hence neuromiˈmetic a. and n.; neuroˈmuscular a., relating or belonging to both nerve(s) and muscle(s); having characteristics of both nervous and muscular tissue; being or pertaining to a junction between a nerve fibre and a muscle fibre; neuroˈmyal, -ˈmyic adjs. [myo-] = prec.; neuromyˈology, the classification of muscles with reference to the nerves; neuromyoˈsitis, an affection of both nerve and muscle; ˈneuronym, the scientific name of a muscle; neuropaˈralysis, paralysis due to some affection of the nerves; so neuroparaˈlytic a.; ˌneuropharmaˈcology, the study of the action of drugs on the nervous system; hence ˌneuropharmacoˈlogic (chiefly U.S.), -ˈlogical adjs., ˌneuropharmacoˈlogically adv., ˌneuropharmaˈcologist; neurophysin |-ˈfaɪsɪn| Biochem. [ad. F. neurophysine (J. Chauvet et al. 1960, in Biochim. & Biophys. Acta XXXVIII. 266), f. neuro(hypo)physe neurohypophysis], any of a group of proteins which are found in the neurohypophysis in complexes with oxytocin and vasopressin and are believed to act as carriers for these hormones during their passage from the hypothalamus; neurophysioˈlogic a. (chiefly U.S.), neurophysiological; neurophysioˈlogically adv., with respect to neurophysiology; neurophysiˈologist, an expert or specialist in neurophysiology; neurophysiˈology, the physiology of the nervous system; hence neurophysioˈlogical a.; ˈneuroplasm, the cytoplasm of a neurone; occas. applied to that of the cell body, as distinguished from axoplasm; hence neuroˈplasmic a.; ˈneuropore, an exterior orifice in the neural canal of some embryos; neuroˈpsychic a., pertaining to the nervous and psychic functions; neuropsychoˈlogical a., dealing with psychology in relation to the nerves; so neuropsyˈchologist; neuropsychoˈpathic a., pertaining to diseased states of the nervous and mental functions; neuropsyˈchosis Psychol., a neurotic condition in which certain features characteristic of a psychosis can be recognized; neuroradiˈologist, a specialist or expert in neuroradiology; neuroradiˈology Med., radiology of the central nervous system; hence ˌneuroradioˈlogic (chiefly U.S.), -ˈlogical adjs.; neuroretiˈnitis, combined inflammation of the optic nerve and retina; ˈneuroscience, any of the sciences (as neuro-chemistry or psychology) which deal with the nervous system or mental phenomena; such sciences collectively; hence neuroˈscientist, a specialist in a neuroscience; neuroseˈcretion, (a) the process of secretion by a (specially adapted) nerve cell; (b) the substance secreted in this process; so neuroseˈcretory a., performing, produced by, or pertaining to neurosecretion; neuroseˈmantic a., of or connected with a neurological approach to semantics; neuroˈsensory, pertaining to or involving both nervous and sensory properties; spec. applied to a sensory nerve cell, esp. one in which the cell body (usu. situated in epithelium) is the receptor and has a single process by which impulses are transmitted to a ganglionic neurone or an effector organ; ˈneurosurgeon, one who practises neurosurgery; neuroˈsurgery, surgery of the nervous system; hence neuroˈsurgical a.; neuroˈsyphilis Path., syphilis involving the central nervous system; hence ˌneurosyphiˈlitic a. (also as n., a neurosyphilitic person); neuroˈtendinous a., of or pertaining to a nerve fibre and a tendon, esp. the termination of a nerve in a tendon; neuroˈtonic, a medicine used to brace the nerves (Ogilvie 1882); neuroˈtoxic, a., acting poisonously upon the nerves; so neuroˈtoxical a. (Mayne 1857); neurotoˈxicity, (a) toxicity towards the nerves; (b) poisoning by a neurotoxin; neuroˈtoxin, a substance having a poisonous effect on the nerves; neuroˈtubule, a microtubule of a neurone; neuroˈvascular a., having both a nervous and vascular character; neuroˈvirulence, virulence towards the nervous system.
A large number of similar compounds, the currency of many of which is doubtful, are given in Mayne's Expos. Lex. and the Syd. Soc. Lex.
1904Biol. Bull. VI. 90 These facts point toward either a specialization or a modification in function which is of interest because of its bearing upon certain *neuro⁓anatomical facts. 1971H. A. Whitaker in W. O. Dingwall Survey of Linguistic Science 148 It is plausible..that there is a universal neuroanatomical substrate for the language system.
1931H. L. Hollingworth Abnormal Psychol. iv. 68 This condition would be difficult to understand if it were not that the *neuro⁓anatomist had mapped out the course of the various sensory pathways in the spinal cord. 1963Zeitschr. für Zellforschung LX. 815 The basis of the neuron doctrine was established by the work of a few eminent neuro⁓anatomists. 1974Nature 6 Sept. 83/1 For the neuroanatomists of the nineteenth century, the cerebellum was a source of fascination.
1900Dorland Med. Dict. 441/1 *Neuro-anatomy. 1913Official Publ. Cornell Univ. IV. xvi, Strauss, Israel. A.B., M.D., Instructor in Neuro-Anatomy, 1911. 1931H. L. Hollingworth Abnormal Psychol. iv. 77 We may illustrate the ‘fictional’ or hypothetical notion of explanation also in the field of neuro-anatomy. 1971Sci. Amer. May 89/3 In view of the basic neuro-anatomy of the visual system, this means that the visual effects must have been the result of neuronal activity in the brain rather than in the eye itself.
1959Internat. Rev. Neurobiol. I. p. vii, Progress in *neurobiological research must maintain a delicate balance between the fascination of basic explanation of clinical and physiological phenomena by means of chemical and physical concepts on the one hand and the pressing needs for the development of new and effective treatments of disease on the other. 1971Nature 5 Mar. 25/1 The neurobiological approach to mental health.
1957H. Read Tenth Muse xiii. 110 If one reads a *neurobiologist such as J. R. Smithies one has the feeling, perhaps deceptive, that the problems discussed by Professor Ayer are being discussed more realistically. 1971J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man p. vii, What the neurobiologist finds out about the brain must surely be relevant to fundamental views of the nature of all this knowledge.
1906Index-Catal. Library Surg.-General's Office, U.S. Army 2nd Ser. XI. 622/1 (heading) *Neurobiology. 1960Times 22 Sept. 4/2 Researches cover neurobiology—such as ‘eye movements and optogyral illusion’. 1972Sci. Amer. Sept. 51/1 Thus neurobiology has now shown why it is human—and all too human—to hold Euclidean geometry and its non-intersecting co-planar parallel lines to be a self-evident truth. Non-Euclidean geometries of convex or concave surfaces, although our brain is evidently capable of conceiving them, are more alien to our built-in spatial-perception processes.
1908C. U. A. Kappers in Jrnl. Physiol. XXXVII. 143 Another feature of the autonomic system might find its explanation in the *neurobiotactic influence of the axon stimulation. 1948A. Brodal Neurological Anat. vii. 192 The neurobiotactic influences (Kappers) of which the above-mentioned fact is an example, are also revealed in other morphological features.
1908C. U. A. Kappers in Jrnl. Physiol. XXXVII. 140 Referring for further details concerning these phenomena of *neurobiotaxis to my former papers on this subject, I only wish to state here that..it is obvious that the motor cells migrate in the direction whence they get the greatest quantity of stimuli. 1961P. Glees Exper. Neurol. vi. 168 In accordance with his hypothesis of neurobiotaxis..Kappers (1920) believes that the dendrites grow from the cell towards the source of their afferent stimuli.
1892Syd. Soc. Lex., *Neuroblast, the pear-shaped cells which arise by a process of mitosis from the germinal cells of the early embryo. 189719th Cent. July 25 The embryonal nerve-cell (neuroblast) will be simply an oval sac.
1910J. H. Wright in Jrnl. Exper. Med. XII. 556 The essential cells of the tumor are considered to be more or less undifferentiated nerve cells or neurocytes or neuroblasts, and hence the names neurocytoma and *neuroblastoma. 1925Arch. Neurol. & Psychiatry (Chicago) XIV. 193 In our Brigham Hospital records..many of them have in the past been designated neurocytomas or neuroblastomas. 1948R. Greene Pract. Endocrinol. iv. 128 The neuroblastomata are highly malignant tumours. 1974Nature 17 May 224/1 The C1300 mouse neuroblastoma has been useful for studies of the differentiation and trophic interactions of nerve cells.
1870Rolleston Anim. Life p. lxii, The *neurocentral suture is usually absent. 1873Mivart Elem. Anat. 61 The line of junction of the lateral pieces with the central pieces is termed the neuro-central suture.
1884Hyatt in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. XXIII. 121 The distribution and formation of the *neurocentra..in the vertebræ of the Permian Rhachitomi.
1949Koestler Insight & Outlook v. 68 Their *neurochemical substratum [sc. that of our emotional impulses] cannot be worked off in overt activities. 1963Lancet 12 Jan. 79/1 If their effect on the brain could be evaluated, understanding of the neurochemical changes in depression might follow. 1972Sci. Amer. Nov. 28/3 The hypothesis proposed that hypothalamic control of the secretory activity of the anterior pituitary could be neurochemical.
1958Neurology VIII. (Suppl. 1) 27/2 Many investigators using such methods would not consider themselves *neurochemists, but they certainly contribute to the growing body of neurochemical data. 1971Nature 22 Mar. 130/3 Undoubtedly, it [sc. myelin] now has the added attraction to neurochemists that it can be obtained in bulk from the mammalian nervous system.
1955Neuropharmacology I. 11 There are enough problems and enough possibilities for an entire science in the field of ‘*neuro-chemistry’ or/and ‘neuro-pharmacology’. 1969Nature 11 Oct. 118/2 A significant development in neurochemistry has been the finding that thiol groups and disulphides are involved in the functioning and activity of neurones.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life. 212 The apparatus is hence termed ‘*Neurochord’ by Vejdovsky.., who compares it physiologically with the noto⁓chord of Chordata. Ibid. 598 The so-called ‘giant-fibres’ or ‘neurochord’ are found in nearly all Oligochæta.
1918‘T. Lewis’ [i.e. B. S. Oppenheimer et al.: see Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. (1918) 21 Sept. 994] in Military Surgeon XLII. 410 An appreciable number of soldiers present a well-defined symptom-complex, in which certain nervous and circulatory symptoms are associated with an increased susceptibility to fatigue. The descriptive name of *Neuro-Circulatory Asthenia (‘N.C.A.’) is suggested for this syndrome in preference to Disordered Action of the Heart (‘D.A.H.’). 1953R. A. McFarland Human Factors in Air Transportation vi. 305 The effect of smoking on neurocirculatory efficiency..may be of particular importance to the airman since this test is often used to appraise fitness. 1971Neurocirculatory [see irritable heart (irritable a. 2 b)].
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 898 The *neuroclonic state of the neurons of the spinal cord may appear subsequently.
1889Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. VIII. 110 The entire neuraxis is a tube, a subcylindrical mass inclosing a cavity. This cavity is the *neurocœle.
1907W. N. Parker tr. Wiedersheim's Compar. Anat. Vertebrates (ed. 3) 75 The portion of the skull which is situated along the main axis in continuation of the vertebral column and which encloses the brain, is known as the brain-case or cranium (*neurocranium). 1942Grove & Newell Animal Biol. xv. 257 Other cartilage is laid down at the sides and above the brain until it becomes enclosed in a cartilaginous box, the brain box or neurocranium. 1972Nature 24 Mar. 143/2 A sulcus on the outer face of the neurocranium in front of the supposed foramen for the vagus nerve is interpreted as the lateral occipital fissure.
1925Physiol. Abstr. IX. 544 The secretion of these ‘*neurocrine’ glands acts directly on the nerves. 1947Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. CCXXXII. 394 The relationship of the pars distalis of the pituitary and the possible neurocrine secretion by the hypothalamic nuclei to the water balance of the body are still debatable points. 1962Science Survey III. 264 There exist equally interesting relationships between odours and animal behaviour on a different and perhaps more profound level..which are very likely mediated by the vegetative nervous system and the neurocrine and other endocrine glands.
1890Billings Med. Dict. II. 209/1 *Neurocyte, nerve-cell. 1894P. A. Fish in Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. IV. 174 For the equivalent of a nerve unit including the nerve cell with all its processes to the uttermost filament, the term neurocyte is suggested. It has not been possible to trace the word to its originator. It is in use in the French language and is included in the dictionary of the New Sydenham Society and Gould's New Medical Dictionary with the simple definition; a nerve cell. 1932W. Penfield Cytol. & Cellular Path. Nervous Syst. III. xviii. 941 Between the neurocytes are numerous smaller cells.
1910,1925*Neurocytoma [see neuroblastoma above]. 1948R. Greene Pract. Endocrinol. iv. 127 The most malignant tumours are the neuroblastomata or neurocytomata. 1966Wright & Symmers Systemic Path. II. xxxiv. 1246/1 A ganglioneuroma (neurocytoma) of the brain is a slowly growing tumour composed of neurons.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 490 From the cell-body, or from a protoplasmic extension of the cell (*neuro-dendron) the nerve process or axon is given off.
1877E. R. Lankester in Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XVII. 430 [The] epiblast and the musculo-skeletal portion of the mesoblast—or..*neurodermal and myoskeletal moieties.
1896Amer. Year-bk. Med. & Surg. 715 (heading) Vitiligo, lichen ruber planus, and chronic circumscribed *neurodermatitis. 1935Neurodermatitis [see neurodermatosis below]. 1947N.Y. State Jrnl. Med. XLVII. 1889/2 MacKenna and others have suggested that the neurodermatitides may have a corresponding symbolic meaning. 1954Bull. Muscogee County Med. Soc. Aug. 9 A large list of diseases has been included under the term ‘psychosomatic’,.. it includes..certain skin diseases—notably the so-called neurodermatitides. 1974Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xxxi. 13/1 The condition [sc. lichen simplex chronicus] is sometimes referred to as neurodermatitis because it is most frequently encountered in obsessional and anxious individuals.
1909Cent. Dict. Suppl., *Neurodermatosis. 1911M. Morris Dis. Skin (ed. 5) iv. 54 (heading) Neuroses of the skin. Classification of neuro-dermatoses. 1935Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 5 Oct. 1099/1 A group of eighty patients presenting typical clinical examples of the neurodermatoses..was selected.., with diagnoses as follows: neuro⁓dermatitis (dry type), nineteen; pruritus ani or vulvae, five; neurodermatitis (exudative type), twenty-eight; dyshidrosis, four; [etc.]. 1941S. H. Kraines Therapy of Neuroses & Psychoses xiv. 313 Clearing up of these neurodermatoses is more difficult than removal of many other emotionally conditioned physical symptoms. 1961Lancet 12 Aug. 369/1 MacKenna very artistically described neurodermatosis when he stated that ‘in some cases the skin is an organ of stress which bears the brunt of nervous agitation, acting as the canvas on which the perturbation of the mind is painted.’
1935Q. Rev. Biol. X. 335/2 According to the data available, the following is the sequence of functionally related events which probably occur in the electrical excitation of a *neuro-effector system. 1937Cannon & Rosenblueth Autonomic Neuro-Effector Systems p. viii, Previous researches on autonomic neuro-effectors and the occurrences at their synapses. 1973European Jrnl. Clin. Pharmacol. VI. 92/1 Further investigations are possible..of the possible role of these [neuronal] pools in the control of NA exchanges at the level of the sympathetic neuro-effector junction. 1973Science 16 Feb. 693/2 (heading) Neuroeffectors controlling mucus release by the leech.
1849G. Bird Lect. Electr. & Galvanism i. 24 The *neuro-electric theory of Galvani. Ibid. 25 Valli..believed the neuro-electric fluid to be secreted by the capillary arteries supplying the nerves. 1956L. S. Frishkopf in Technical Rep. Res. Lab. Electronics Mass. Inst. Technol. No. 307 (title) A probability approach to certain neuroelectric phenomena. 1965Math. in Biol. & Med. (Med. Res. Council) iv. 131 Modern electrophysiological techniques permit the recording of several types of neuroelectric potentials, and the patterns of voltage-versus-time traces provide the electrophysiologist's basic data. 1974Nature 15 Feb. 481/1 An exactly similar method is widely used in studying EEG visual evoked responses and other neuroelectric phenomena.
1914Practitioner June 838 The immediate cause of an epileptic attack is a *neuro-electrical brain storm.
Ibid. 831 The chemical generation of nerve force (*neuro-electricity) in the human body. Ibid. 832 The grey matter of the brain must be the site of generation of this neuro-electricity.
1933Science 18 Aug. 132/1 A notable beginning was made in *neuro-embryologic study of behavior.
1950Hamburger & Levi-Montalcini in P. Weiss Genetic Neurol. 129 The in vitro culture of nerve cells made important contributions to the solution of *neuro-embryological problems. 1970D. Bodian in F. O. Schmitt Neurosciences: 2nd Study Program xiii. 139/2 The considerable insight gained in recent times through analysis of neuroembryological processes.
1950Hamburger & Levi-Montalcini in P. Weiss Genetic Neurol. 141 The *neuroembryologist is largely concerned with the further elaboration of these elementary patterns of the early neural tube. 1970M. V. Edds in F. O. Schmitt Neuro-sciences: 2nd Study Program v. 51/2 The roster of experimental neuroembryologists active since Harrison opened the field early in the century includes some of the most able developmental biologists.
1933Science 18 Aug. 137/1 The whole subject of *neuro-embryology of higher vertebrates should be reexamined. 1950Hamburger & Levi-Montalcini in P. Weiss Genetic Neurol. 131 The material used in experimental neuroembryology has been confined largely to teleosts, amphibians, and the chick embryo. 1974Nature 22 Mar. p. xi/1 (Advt.), By combining the facts of neurophysiology, neuroembryology, and behaviour, a new theory is built up.
1922P. Fridenberg in L. F. Barker et al. Endocrinol. & Metabolism II. 769 (heading) *Neuro-endocrin control of intra-ocular tension. 1944Neuro-endocrine [see hypothalamico-hypophysial a.]. 1959T. Lidz in S. Arieti Amer. Handbk. Psychiatry I. xxxii. 650/1 The hypothalamus..is now understood to form a critical juncture in a circular feedback system that mediates and regulates neural impulses concerned with emotions and neuro-endocrine activity. 1973Folia Biol. (Cracow) XXI. 329 It has been suggested that alterations in the..secretory pattern of the neuroendocrine components are due to the action of stress.
1963Annales d'Endocrinol. XXIV. 198 (heading) Introduction to the *neuro-endocrinological study of the pineal gland. 1974Nature 17 May 213/1 Recent neuroendocrinological findings of most of the leading laboratories in Europe were discussed informally.
1969Britannica Yearbk. of Sci. & Future 1968 389 These organic compounds, which were thought to act as chemical mediators (neurohumors) at synaptic junctions..were of interest to *neuroendocrinologists.
1922P. Fridenberg in L. F. Barker et al. Endocrinol. & Metabolism II. 757 (heading) Ophthalmic *neuro-endocrinology. 1961Lancet 19 Aug. 442/2 In 1952 he was appointed senior lecturer in experimental neuroendocrinology at the Institute of Psychiatry. 1967E. Bajusz (title) An introduction to clinical neuroendocrinology.
1893Tuckey tr. Hatschek's Amphioxus 69 The *neuro-enteric canal which is generally typical in the development of the vertebrate animals.
1898Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 64 The general conception [of Prof. Apáthy] may be briefly stated. The nerve-cell is analogous to the muscle-cell, producing conducting substance (primitive fibrils, *neurofibrils), as the muscle-cell produces contractile substance (myofibrils). 1970A. Peters et al. Fine Struct. Nervous Syst. iv. 62/2 The precise correlation between the classical neurofibrils of silver preparations and the structures seen in electron micrographs remains uncertain. 1973Neurofibril [see neurofibrillary adj. below].
1902Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. XXIX. 435 (heading) The *neuro-fibrillae in nerve cells and nerve fibers of the retina. 1963R. P. Dales Annelids vii. 138 Hess suggested that the irregularly shaped refractory body directed the light on to a dense reticulum of neurofibrillae which joined to form the basal nerve fibre.
1902Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 542 (heading) *Neurofibrillar theory. 1949Neurofibrillar [see neurofibrillary adj. below]. 1971Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. CXLIII. 395/2 Neurofibrillar boutons appear following section of the axons.
1902Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. XXIX. 435 The author concludes..that a *neuro-fibrillary structure of nerve cells and their processes..is abundantly proven. 1949B. W. Lichtenstein Textbk. Neuropath. iv. 46 Neurofibrillary abnormalities occur in a variety of disease states. The normal configuration of the neurofibrillar apparatus is well seen in preparations impregnated with silver according to Bielschowsky's method. 1973H. M. Ráliš et al. Techniques Neurohistol. iv. 89 Methods for neurofibrils may also be used to demonstrate..the neurofibrillary tangles which are found in certain pathological conditions.
1892Syd. Soc. Lex., *Neurofibroma, a fibroma arising from the neurilemma of a nerve. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 635 Multiple neurofibroma.
1955Palay & Palade in Jrnl. Biophysical & Biochem. Cytol. I. 78 *Neurofilaments.—Fine, long threads, 60 to 100A in diameter and of indefinite length, traverse the cytoplasmic matrix [of the neuron] between masses of Nissl substance and other organelles. 1965Progress Brain Res. XIV. 57 Electron microscopical studies have shown that the neurofibrils of light microscopists are made up of fine, long, apparently non-branching structures approximately 100 Å in diameter. These are the neurofilaments. 1968G. A. Horridge Interneurons i. 11 Throughout the animal kingdom..many axons and dendrites of nerve cells have tubules in the axoplasm; others, such as the squid giant axon, have neurofilaments that are thinner and less obviously tubular. 1969,1970Neurofilament [see neurotubule below].
1909Cent. Dict. Suppl., *Neuroglandular, having the characteristics of sensory and glandular organs: as, the neuroglandular pit of some Nemertini. 1941Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. LXXIV. 106 Neuroglandular cells are described in three species of cockroaches... The main center of neurosecretory activity is found to be the suboesophageal ganglion. 1943H. Read Education through Art 26 Temperament..is closely connected with the neuro-glandular system and the relations of the cortex to the sub-cortex. 1964J. Z. Young Model of Brain xviii. 296 There must be some common principle involved to produce these similar neuroglandular arrangements in completely independent phyla.
1953Carlisle & Knowles in Nature 29 Aug. 405/1 It seems preferable to call these organs by some purely topographical name which does not denote any function, actual or supposed. The adjective ‘*neurohæmal’ seems to us to be the most appropriate topographical name denoting the common feature of these organs. The organs may thus be referred to collectively as neurohæmal organs, while the adjective may be combined with any of the pre-existing names for these various organs, as, for example, ‘the post-commissural neurohæmal organ’ and ‘dorsal neurohæmal lamella’. 1967C. A. G. Wiersma Invertebr. Nervous Systems x. 125 (heading) Correlation of propagated action potentials and release of neurosecretory material in a neurohemal organ. 1973Nature 12 Oct. 288/2 Thus another useful criterion for the definition of a neurosecretory neurone—that it ends in a neurohaemal organ—loses its generality.
1957A.M.A. Arch. Path. LXIII. 3/2 Histologic analysis of these alterations does not require special *neurohistologic methods.
1940Jrnl. Anat. LXXIV. 413 (heading) Observations on the *neurohistological basis of cutaneous pain. 1973H. M. Ráliš et al. Techniques Neurohistol. iv. 82 (heading) Neurohistological staining methods.
1901Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. (ed. 2) II. 336/1 Until further knowledge has been gained it is safer for the *neuro⁓histologist to work with the various methods [etc.]. 1968Clarke & O'Malley Human Brain & Spinal Cord ii. 87 Two opposing groups of neurohistologists arose. On the one hand were those who believed that the nerve cells and their processes..constituted independent units in contiguity with other units but not in continuity... Their opponents..considered the cells and fibres to be in direct continuity with one another by way of a network to which the fibres contributed.
1897N.Y. Med. Jrnl. 15 May 652/2 The most important contributions of Golgi in the domain of *neuro-histology consisted in (1) the invention of the silver method of staining; (2) the recognition within the central regions of cells of different types..; and (3) the discovery of lateral branches from the axis-cylinder process. 1940Jrnl. Anat. LXXIV. 426 The neuro-histology of this area establishes that in the human skin pain is subserved by fine nerve fibres bearing free nerve endings. 1973H. M. Ráliš et al. Techniques Neurohistol. v. 146 This final chapter..mentions histochemical methods used in neurohistology as well as some applications of autoradiography in the study of nerve tissue.
1842Fraser's Mag. XXVI. 375 Mr. Braid having failed in obtaining a hearing for his curious discoveries in Mesmerism, or *neurohypnology, as he calls it.
1843Braid Neurypnol. 7 In respect to the *Neuro-Hypnotic state.
1842― in Trans. Brit. Assoc. 29 June, Practical Essay on the Curative Agency of *Neuro-Hypnotism.
1926G. R. de Beer Compar. Anat. Pituitary Body ii. 28 The anterior lobe consists only of the pars anterior, but the posterior lobe, which always contains the partes intermedia and nervosa, may or may not also be associated with the pars tuberalis, since many authors fail to distinguish between the latter and the pars intermedia. In order to avoid ambiguity the term *neuro-intermediate lobe may be used to include the pars nervosa and the pars intermedia, since they are always in the closest morphological association. 1965Lee & Knowles Animal Hormones ii. 28 In fishes the pituitary gland is conveniently divided into three portions... Closely associated with the posterior portion of the adenohypophysis (pars intermedia), and extending into it, is the pars nervosa; the term neuro-intermediate lobe is often applied to this region. 1973Nature 28 Sept. 207/2 Pituitary control of sebaceous gland activity has generally been assumed to be a function of the anterior lobe. The possibility that the neurointermediate (NI) lobe is involved was first suggested when we found that its removal led to a decrease in sebum secretion.
1883Klein Elem. Histol. §140 Its own hyaline more or less elastic sheath, composed of *neurokeratin.
1960L. F. Chapman et al. in Trans. Assoc. Amer. Physicians LXXIII. 263 Specimens collected from the head during the headache attacks contained a substance that could be distinguished from serotonin,..acetylcholine and histamine... The heat stabilized substance had many of the properties of bradykinin, Kallidin, or ‘plasma kinin’... This polypeptide has been labeled ‘*neurokinin’ and has been found..to be released during neuronal excitation. 1969J. Pearce Migraine vii. 39 More recently the polypeptides and kinins have been examined more critically, because of the claims of isolation of neurokinin from the scalp tissue fluid in migraine attacks.
1908W. McDougall in Brain XXXI. 247 This distinction between chemically stored or potential nervous energy and the liberated active nervous energy is, I feel sure, one of the first importance for neurological speculation... Oscar Vogt..has proposed to mark it by calling the freed nervous energy ‘*neurokyme’... I adopt Vogt's term. 1926― Outl. Abnormal Psychol. v. 104 All mental activity involves the discharge of neurokyme from the sensory to the motor side of the brain. 1944W. Brown Psychol. & Psychotherapy (ed. 5) v. 57 McDougall regards the passage of nervous energy (neurokyme) across the synapses of the cerebral cortex as the physical correlate of the psychical process.
1961Studies in Linguistics XV. 70 Ideally, the *neurolinguist would have thorough training in scientific linguistics and in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology.
1936*Neuro-linguistic [see neurosemantic adj. below]. 1961Studies in Linguistics XV. 70 Neurolinguistic work has certainly been carried out under other names, by people who work with aphasia, by neurosurgeons and neurologists, [etc.]. 1970J. Laver in J. Lyons New Horizons in Linguistics iii. 61 The healthy adult brain is not itself accessible to neurolinguistic experiment. There is thus no possibility of directly observing the neural mechanisms involved in constructing a neurolinguistic program.
1961E. C. Trager in Studies in Linguistics XV. 70 *Neurolinguistics is the term proposed here for a field of interdisciplinary scientific study which does not as yet have a formal existence. Its subject matter is the relationship between the human nervous system and language. 1970J. Laver in J. Lyons New Horizons in Linguistics iii. 61 In neurolinguistics the subdisciplinary boundary between phonetics and linguistics, which has always been of doubtful validity, is largely disappearing. 1973Tuscaloosa (Ala.) News 10 Apr. 5/4 She is interested in neurolinguistics and studies of aphasia. 1975Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics XX. 94 A Study in Neurolinguistics is perhaps the first publication in the form of a monograph in the field of ‘language and the brain’ with the term ‘neurolinguistics’ in its title.
1866Owen Anat. Vertebr. I. 203, I would suggest..*neuromere. 1897Nat. Sci. Feb. 114 That..branch of morphology which deals with the nerve-segments of the head (cerebral neuromeres).
1851tr. Unzer & Prochaska's Nervous Syst. (Syd. Soc.) Introd. 1 He showed an early inclination to *neuro-metaphysical studies.
1818Southey Let. 5 Dec. in Life (1850) IV. 327 The nitrous oxyde approaches nearer to the notion of a *neurometer than anything which perhaps could be devised.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 88 ‘*Neuro-mimesis’ lays too much stress on the resemblances..between the symptoms of hysteria and of other diseases.
1884H. M. Jones Health of Senses v. 132 The *neuromimetic, with curved spine, pain in joints,..aches in every part of the body.
1864Jrnl. Mental Sci. X. 37 There appears to be a *neuro-muscular, as well as a purely mental retentiveness. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. 63 Kleinenberg terms those neuro-muscular elements. 1892J. A. Thomson Outl. Zool. iii. 36 In some Cœlenterates it is possible that some of the external cells combine contractile, nervous, and even other functions. Under this impression many call them ‘neuro-muscular’. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 159 The development and activity of the neuro-muscular system. 1904Jrnl. Physiol. XXX. 494 If our conception of this neuro-muscular junctional tissue is correct the name nerve-ending is obviously a misnomer. 1937Physiol. Rev. XVII. 538 It may be concluded that synapses and neuro-muscular junctions are essentially similar, there being close contact but not protoplasmic continuity. 1948Federation Proc. VII. 452/1 The fundamental change which accounts for the neuromuscular block produced by curare itself is a decrease in the end-plate potential. 1950J. H. Burn Lect. Notes Pharmacol. (ed. 2) 14 Neostigmine restores neuromuscular transmission. 1963R. P. Dales Annelids vi. 119 The failure to respond is not due to failure of the giant fibre itself, but to the relay or to the neuromuscular junction.
1926Physiol. Rev. VI. 564 Comparable data on muscle and the *neuromyal junction. 1965Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. CXLVII. 350 (heading) Pharmacological actions of oxamides and hydroxyanalinium compounds at frog neuromyal junction.
1839–47Todd's Cycl. Anat. III. 30/1 An argument in favour of the theory of *neuromyic action.
a1890Coues & Shute in N.Y. Med. Record XXXII. 93 (Cent.), Neurology is the key to myology, and a *neuro-myology is practicable.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 463 *Neuro⁓myositis, in which the primary lesion is nervous.
1897Wilder in Nature 7 Jan. 224 The *neuronyms adopted by the Anatomische Gesellschaft in 1895.
1875H. Walton Dis. Eye 907 *Neuroparalytic corneitis. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 317 Cases of neuro-paralytic ophthalmia.
1913Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. V. 107 We now approach the subject of the susceptibility of the central heat-regulating mechanism to more specific *neuro-pharmacologic influences. 1973Folia Biol. (Cracow) XXI. 331 The CAH-positive cells of the brain in the cockroach undergo most of the alterations..after the administration of various types of neuropharmacologic agents.
1959Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. CXXVI. 312/1 Thioridazine hydrochloride..and chlorpromazine hydrochloride..have been examined for *neuropharmacological properties in mice and rats. 1971New Scientist 9 Dec. 119 These various poisons have proved novel tools in neuro-pharmacological research, especially in elucidating the mechanism of nervous conduction.
1971Nature 24 Sept. 285/2 Other *neuropharmacologically-active or serotonin-related drugs were also tested.
1966Sci. News Let. 1 Jan. 6 Rats..given the compound..retained what they had learned longer, Dr. N. P. Plotnikoff, an Abbott *neuro-pharmacologist, reported. 1973Nature 14 Dec. p. xvi/1 (Advt.), We seek a Technician to join a team of neuro-pharmacologists.
1955*Neuropharmacology [see neurochemistry above]. 1973Nature 28 Sept. p. xx/3 (Advt.), General experience of either neurochemistry, neurophysiology, or neuropharmacology is essential.
1960Biochim. & Biophys. Acta XXXVIII. 266 From sheep posterior hypophysis a complex was obtained containing 90% of the oxytocic and vasopressic activity of the gland. The complex is an association of oxytocine and vasopressine with a protein, *neurophysine [sic: Eng. summary of article in Fr.]. 1970Biochem. Jrnl. CXVI. 908/2 The neurophysins of the pig form a group of proteins of different electrophoretic mobilities but all possessing the capacity to bind oxytocin and [8-lysine]-vasopressin. 1973Nature 2 Mar. 63/1 This system is characterized immunochemically by the neurophysins, the specific carrier-proteins for vasopressin and oxytocin.
1937Surgery I. 132 The vast literature on recent *neurophysiologic research. 1972Science 12 May 607/1 Any changes in the action potentials of trained motor units..must reflect neurophysiologic changes of the single neuron supplying the motor unit.
1862Syd. Soc. Year-bk. Med. 43 *Neuro-physiological Inquiries.
1962C. L. Buxton Study of Psychophysical Methods for Relief Childbirth Pain vii. 60 Attempts were made also to explain *neurophysiologically how it might be possible for fear and tension to increase the pain and length of labor. 1971Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. LXXXIV. 141 In the early experimentation, there was no way to isolate a channel neurophysiologically.
1949Koestler Insight & Outlook iv. 44 The demonstration or refutation by the *neuro-physiologist of the existence of corresponding mechanisms in the central nervous system. 1966I. Asimov Fantastic Voyage i. 17 The extension of the technique could be of great importance to the neuro-physiologist. 1973Sci. Amer. July 96/3 Between 1900 and 1920 Charles S. Sherrington, the foremost neuro-physiologist of the time, applied the technique of electrical stimulation to study how the cerebrum controlled movement.
1868Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) I. i. vii. 142 The truths of *Neuro-physiology..set down in the foregoing chapters.
[1892Syd. Soc. Lex., Neuroplasma, Kupffer's term for a fluid which he supposed to lie between the fibrils of the cylinder-axis of a nerve.] 1894Gould Dict. Med. 869/1 *Neuroplasm. 1896E. L. Billstein tr. Stöhr's Text-bk. Histol. ii. i. 81 Each fibrilla [of the axon] represents a special conducting path and is cemented to neighboring fibrillae by a small amount of finely-granular interstitial substance—neuroplasm. 1960L. Picken Organization of Cells vii. 291 In the light of electron microscope studies..it is likely that the axoplasm differs from the neuroplasm rather in the relative abundance and orientation of the various components..than in absolute composition. 1970Nature 5 Sept. 1006/2 It is generally believed that neuroplasm is constantly synthesized in the cell body and moves as a gel down the axon (and probably also along the dendrites).
1909Cent. Dict. Suppl., *Neuro-plasmic. 1965Acta Neuropath. IV. 33 Neuroplasmic swellings were found within dendrites. 1970P. A. Weiss in F. O. Schmitt Neurosciences: 2nd Study Program lxxiii. 840 (heading) Neuronal dynamics and neuroplasmic flow.
1884Hyatt in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. XXIII. 119 The homology of the fore and hind *neuropores with the fore and hind openings of the actinostome. 1893Tuckey tr. Hatschek's Amphioxus 177 Transverse section through the anterior part of the neuropore.
1891D. Wilson Right Hand 186 The centres of the *neuro-psychic factors of language.
1851tr. Unzer & Prochaska's Nervous Syst. (Syd. Soc.) Introd. 2 The *neuro-psychological essays..are frequently referred to in the present work.
Ibid. 6 There was..another *neuro-psychologist, whose name is less known in England.
1900Dorland Med. Dict. 442/2 *Neuropsychosis, nervous disease complicated with mental disorder. 1918A. A. Brill tr. Freud's Totem & Taboo iii. 158 The system formation is most ingenious in delusional states (paranoia) and dominates the clinical picture, but it also must not be overlooked in other forms of neuropsychoses. 1924J. Riviere et al. tr. Freud's Coll. Papers I. 59 (heading) The defence of neuropsychoses. 1936A. Myerson in Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry XCIII. 281, I formally introduce the concept of the neuropsychosis. The neuropsychosis comes into being by an intensification of the symptomatology of the neuroses.
1964Taveras & Wood Diagnostic Neuroradiol. 2 The use of gamma rays from radioactive isotopes for scanning, and the use of heat waves in thermography,..are being incorporated in *neuroradiologic clinical practice.
1962Brit. Jrnl. Radiol. XXXV. 501/1 Problems of *neuroradiological nomenclature and the radiographic projections were discussed.
1955Brit. Jrnl. Surg. XLIII 8/1 A very high proportion of successful angiograms justifies a wider trial. Even if it may not be equally successful in other hands I believe that it will become an important part of the armamentarium of *neuroradiologist and neurosurgeon. 1961Lancet 30 Sept. 746/1 Dr. J. L. G. Thomson, the neuroradiologist in Bristol, and all of the neurosurgical team are now performing about 700 angiographies a year.
1938Wakeley & Orley (title) A textbook of *neuro-radiology. 1964Taveras & Wood Diagnostic Neuroradiol. 1 During the last fifteen years, angiography has arrived at its appropriate place of importance in diagnostic neuroradiology.
1878A. M. Hamilton Nerv. Dis. 187 Loss of vision complete, *neuroretinitis of both eyes. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 707 The occurrence of attacks of neuro-retinitis in gouty subjects.
1963(title of periodical) *Neurosciences research program bulletin. 1964New Scientist 10 Sept. 643/1 Man's search for the physical basis of mental processes has evolved a number of disparate neurosciences. Some of these, such as neurology, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropathology, and psychology, have advanced to the status of mature sciences. 1970Nature 5 Sept. 1006/1 During the past few years neuroscience, comprising the sciences of brain and behaviour, has been differentiating, integrating, regrouping. 1974Times Lit. Suppl. 18 Oct. 1151/3 It will transform the established neuro-sciences until they become increasingly able to comprehend the problems of behaviour, possibly even of mind.
1967R. B. Livingston in G. C. Quarton et al. Neurosciences: Study Program 500/1 *Neuro-scientists are drawn to this field..by a desire to learn more about ourselves as human beings. 1974Nature 1 Mar. p. v/1 (Advt.), This new book by the well-known neuroscientist Elliot S. Valenstein.
1941Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. LXXIV. 93 *Neurosecretion is present in both vertebrates and invertebrates. 1961Biol. Abstr. XXXVI. 1201/1 (heading) Neurosecretions in the insect. 1963R. P. Dales Annelids viii. 166 Neurosecretion may be of major importance in the co-ordination of the annelid body. 1968New Scientist 16 May 355/1 It is quite possible that neurosecretions are the ‘oldest’ hormones in the animal kingdom. 1973Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. B. LXXVII. 148 Involvement of neurosecretion in some of the physiological activities of this scorpion will be reported here.
1940Nature 17 Feb. 264/1 (heading) *Neurosecretory cells in the ganglia of Lepidoptera. 1956Ibid. 17 Mar. 532/1 In the cockroach, activity rhythms may have a neurosecretory basis. 1963R. P. Dales Annelids viii. 166 In Nephthys the cells in the blood greatly increase and take up neurosecretory material from the back of the brain during posterior regeneration following amputation. 1968H. O. Hofer in G. H. Bourne Struct. & Function of Nervous Tissue I. xi. 471 The neurosecretory substances act as hormones, long-range and long-acting; and they are not directly transmitted, but are released in a circulating body fluid as acting agents.
1936A. Korzybski in Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry XCIII. 29 By using the term evaluation as a fundamental term, we bridge methodologically and linguistically the exact sciences with other sciences, psychiatry included. We gain thereby powerful neuro-linguistic and *neuro-semantic direct methods for education and psychotherapy. 1946S. A. Hayakawa in W. S. Knickerbocker Twentieth Century English 47 In accounting for human behavior it postulates the ‘neuro-semantic environment’—the environment, that is, of dogmas, beliefs, creeds, knowledge, and superstitions to which we react as the result of our training—as a fundamental and inescapable part of our total environment.
1929C. U. A. Kappers Evolution Nervous Syst. Invertebr., Vertebr. & Man 3 The different forms of nervous conductors are three: the *neuro⁓sensory cell, which generally retains its place in an epithelial layer, the primitive or asynaptic ganglion cell and the polarized or synaptic neurone, both of which are nearly always located under the epithelium. 1940O. Lowenstein Parker & Haswell's Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 6) I. i. 36 The photosensitive cells in the retina of the vertebrate eye and the olfactory receptor cells situated in the epithelium coating of the vertebrate nose have the structure of neuro⁓sensory cells. 1946L. A. White in W. S. Knickerbocker Twentieth Century Eng. 93 The animal hearing them understands them..by virtue of his own inborn neuro⁓sensory equipment. 1962D. Nichols Echinoderms iii. 43 Besides the general scattering of neurosensory cells over the asteroid body, there are five light-sensitive optic cushions, one at the base of each terminal tentacle. 1974Sci. Amer. Nov. 14/3 Reader in neurosensory physiology.
1925Arch. Neurol. & Psychiatry (Chicago) XIV. 192 It..is important, more especially for the *neurosurgeon..that his clinical experiences should be correlated with a more detailed classification of the gliomas than is customary. 1972Oxford Times 26 May 6/7 Mr R. Gye, consultant neurosurgeon, explained the many uses to which the blanket could be put.
1904Alienist & Neurologist XXV. 404 (heading) *Neurosurgery. Trigeminal neuralgia treated by intraneural injections of osmic acid. 1937Surgery I. 132 With the later days of Victor Horsley in England and the early days of Harvey Cushing in America, neurosurgery may truly be said to have been born. 1966Lancet 24 Dec. 1400/1 A speciality like neuro-surgery requires an extra year's training.
1932Glasgow Med. Jrnl. CXVIII. 137 (heading) The work of a *neuro-surgical clinic. 1955A. Huxley Let. 25 Sept. (1969) 767 Penfield says, absence of evidence, in the present state of neurosurgical knowledge, proves nothing. 1974Nature 13 Dec. 582/2 Recordings of unit activity during neurosurgical operations have demonstrated neuronal activity in cortex and subcortical structures.
[1877Med. Times & Gaz. 10 Nov. 511/1 Nerve-syphilis appears to affect with preference those persons in whom there is the neuropathic constitution.] 1878Boston Med. & Surgical Jrnl. XCVIII. 278 *Neuro-Syphilis.—As nervous diseases of syphilitic origin are more amenable to treatment than the corresponding idiopathic ones, a correct diagnosis may at times be sufficient to save a life otherwise lost. 1915Ibid. CLXXIII. 996/1 (heading) The significance of changes in cellular content of cerebrospinal fluid in neurosyphilis. 1946Nature 17 Aug. 243/2 Penicillin sodium in saline solution is effective to a greater or lesser degree in all aspects of neurosyphilis studied. 1974Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xiii. 6/1 In all forms of neurosyphilis the results of treatment depend on the number of neurones already destroyed.
1877Med. Times & Gaz. 10 Nov. 511/1 *Neuro-syphilitic affections belong generally to the later portions of the secondary stage, or to the tertiary period of the complaint. 1918Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 28 Sept. 1023/2 We can..control the majority of the early infections of the [cerebrospinal] fluid and greatly limit the number of neurosyphilitics in the future. 1921Ibid. 2 July 3/2 In eight of the twenty-one neurosyphilitic partners the type of neurosyphilis was the same as in the original patient. 1954D. Nabarro Congenital Syphilis viii. 282 Unless neurosyphilis is actively sought by routine C.S.F. investigations upon patients, many neurosyphilitics will be overlooked. 1972Afr. Jrnl. Med. Sci. III. 195 Cases..diagnosed as neurosyphilitic on clinical grounds should be given the benefit of adequate penicillin therapy.
1901Gray's Anat. (ed. 15) [52] (heading) Organ of Golgi (*neuro-tendinous spindle) from the human tendo Achillis. 1920S. W. Ranson Anat. Nervous Syst. v. 72 Somewhat analogous structures [to the neuromuscular end organs] are the neurotendinous end organs or tendon spindles where myelinated nerve-fibers end in relation to specialized tendon fasciculi. 1962E. C. Crosby et al. Correlative Anat. Nervous Syst. ii. 87/2 The dendritic endings may be of neuromuscular or neurotendinous type (that is, muscle spindles or tendon spindles).
1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. No. 2280. 574 A strongly *neurotoxic poison such as cobra venom.
1949Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. XCI. 339 Only such procedures as bear specifically on the comparative *neurotoxicity of this drug for various animals will be set forth here. 1959Arch. Internat. de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie CXXII. 98 Rats on a diet deficient in pyridoxine developed signs of neurotoxicity when administered IDPN. 1968W. C. Bowman et al. Textbk. Pharmacol. xxviii. 722 All of the potent compounds which cause neurotoxicity are inhibitors of butyryl cholinesterase. 1971Nature 20 Aug. 525/2 Between them the two proteins manifest ferocious neurotoxicity.
1902Brit. Med. Jrnl. No. 2154. 920 Enriquet and Sicard [deal] with *neurotoxin.
1948de Robertis & Schmitt in Jrnl. Cellular & Compar. Physiol. XXXI. 3 Although unequivocal proof of the structure of the fibers cannot yet be given, the available evidence is consistent with the view that they are tubular, possessing a thin wall of relatively high electron density and a core of low density. To facilitate description they will be called ‘*neurotubules’. 1969Nature 15 Nov. 710/1 The chief axoplasmic components, extending beyond the neurone cell body, are neurofilaments and neurotubules. 1970P. A. Weiss in F. O. Schmitt Neurosciences: 2nd Study Program lxxiii. 845/2 In contrast to the straight neurotubules, the neurofilaments, 70–100 Ångström units in diameter, show a more wavy course.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 570 An aboral stem, generally jointed and containing a *neuro-vascular apparatus. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 609 A certain disposition to nutritive disturbance, or even neuro-vascular tension.
1961Lancet 23 Sept. 717/2 The Cox strains..exhibit a much higher level of monkey *neurovirulence. 1973Nature 26 Jan. 248/2 The vaccine was used on a limited scale but was withdrawn after Dick had claimed that he had detected a reversion to neurovirulence. |