| 释义 |
neighbourhood|ˈneɪbəhʊd|
[f. neighbour n. + -hood.]
1. a. Friendly relations between neighbours; neighbourly feeling or conduct.
c1449Pecock Repr. v. v. 512 To bere him anentis his fadir and modir more and other wise than the hiȝest degre of neiȝborehode askith. 1503in Surtees Misc. (1890) 3c Accordyng to olde neghburode and gude custome. 1551T. Wilson Logike (1580) 17 b, We see muche neighbour⁓hoode, and good will to helpe the needie. 1592Warner Alb. Eng. ix. liii. (1602) 239 Exiling hence wel-neere all Troth, meet Sports, and Neighbourhood. 1650Jer. Taylor Holy Living i. §1. (1727) 7 Works of nature, recreation, charity, friendliness and neighbourhood. 1708Swift Sent. Ch. Eng. Man Wks. 1755 II. i. 79 All the laws of charity, neighbourhood, alliance, and hospitality. 1796Burke Regic. Peace i. (1892) 82 There is a Law of Neighbourhood which does not leave a man perfect master on his own ground. 1842Campbell Pilgrim of Glencoe 139 He stood With neighbours on kind terms of neighbourhood. 1853–7Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. (1879) I. 136 A more efficient sense of neighborhood than exists among ourselves.
b. Esp. in phr. good neighbourhood († also in early use evil neighbourhood or ill neighbourhood).
1574Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. (1577) 126 The Duke of Sogorbe and the Monkes..did vse euill neighbourhoode. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. Ep. Rdr. a 6 What a notable lesson of good neighbourhood. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies vii. viii. 515 They practised against the Mexicaines their neighbours, all the ill neighbourhood they could. 1640Brome Sparagus Gard. i. iv, Whose hatred I would not lose for all the good neighbor-hood in the Parish. 1711Addison Spect. No. 131 ⁋8 The Country is not a Place for a Person of my Temper, who does not love Jollity, and what they call Good-Neighbourhood. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 305 A pattern for any who desire to fulfil the duties of good neighbourhood. 1825E. Hewlett Cottage Comf. xv. 218 Good neighbourhood does not require persons to waste their own and each other's time in idle gossipping. 1894Times 6 Oct. 7/3 Such a departure from the rules of good neighbourhood..might well be left unnoticed.
2. a. The quality, condition, or fact of being neighbours or lying near to something; nearness.
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 11 The Jacinct is blew, and of nigh neighborhoode with the Saphire. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 147 To these also may be added for neighbourhoode sake..the Monasterie of white Chanons. 1615H. Crooke Body of Man 156 Where..with most ease, because of the neighbour-hoode of the heart.., the blood might be altred. 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 35 Both by reason of their neighborhood, and the frequent convers of the Israelits among them. 1728Morgan Algiers I. iv. 279 The Turks whose Neighbourhood to Sicily, &c. he liked not. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 222 The neighbourhood of the sun inflames the imagination of men. 1835Lytton Rienzi x. ix, Then the prison and the palace were in awful neighbourhood. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xvii. 73 The South..was through its neighbour⁓hood and intercourse with Gaul somewhat less savage.
†b. Situation in respect of surroundings. Obs.—1
1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. ii. ix. 117 The Vena arteriosa..is just like the Aorta in substance, largeness, neighbourhood, and Valves.
3. a. The vicinity, or near situation, of something.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 9 Some..who can not shunne the neighbourhood of the Riuer or the Sea. c1630Milton Passion 52 The gentle neighbourhood of grove and spring Would soon unboosom all their Echoes milde. 1708Swift Sacram. Test Wks. 1755 II. i. 127, I have done all in my power..to preserve two or three English fellows in their neighbourhood. 1745Pococke Descr. East II. 242 Cutting off so many Greek villages in the neighbourhood of that city. 1813Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1838) XI. 23 To strengthen our position in front and in the neighbour⁓hood of Irun. 1875Manning Mission H. Ghost xi. 305 When two flames are brought into the neighbourhood of each other they draw to each other.
transf.1654Jer. Taylor Real Pres. 237 This comparison..is odious up to the neighbourhood and similitude of a great impiety. 1894Newton Dict. Birds 764 The curious genus Mesites of Madagascar, which has been referred..to the neighbourhood of the Rails.
b. in the neighbourhood of, somewhere about.
1857in Bartlett Dict. Amer. s.v., The Catholic clergy of this city have purchased in the neighborhood of forty acres of land. 1893Times (weekly ed.) 15 Dec. 1000/2 The rate of exchange with India has been maintained in the neighbourhood of 16d.
c. Math. (i) The set of points whose distance from a given point is less than, or is less than or equal to, some non-zero, usu. small, value (see also quot. 1921).
1891G. L. Cathcart tr. Harnack's Introd. Study Elem. Differential & Integral Calculus I. v. 26 We have attained the conception of the Region or Neighbourhood of a point. By it we mean an arbitrarily small but still always finite interval at both sides of the value x. 1921H. S. Carslaw Introd. Theory Fourier's Series & Integrals (ed. 2) iii. 52 Sometimes the neighbourhood is meant to include the point x = a itself. In this case it is defined by {vb}x - a{vb} ≤ h. 1939M. H. A. Newman Elem. Topology of Plane Sets of Points ii. 20 If a is a point of a space with the metric ρ, and ε any positive number, the set of all points, x, satisfying ρ(x, a) 0{vb} 0; it consists of all points whose distance from x0 is less than ε. 1971M. Gemignani Introd. Real Analysis iii. 32 We denote the p-neighborhood of a by N(a, p). (Thus, N(a, p) consists of all real numbers within distance p of a.) Ibid., Not only is every p-neighborhood an open interval, but every open interval is a p-neighborhood.
(ii) Any open set containing a given point or non-empty set; also, any set containing such an open set.
1934C. C. Krieger tr. Sierpiński's Introd. Gen. Topology ii. 33 We shall understand by a neighbourhood of an element a any open set containing a. 1946E. Lehmer tr. Pontrjagin's Topological Groups ii. 28 We shall give a method of defining a topological space by means of neighborhoods rather than by means of the operation of closure. This method is rather important and is often used as the foundation of the axiomatic treatment of the concept of a topological space. 1964W. J. Pervin Found. Gen. Topology iii. 45 A set is open iff it is a neighborhood of each of its points. 1967I. Adler New Look at Geom. xii. 372 The sets that belong to this special class of subsets in a topological space are called the open sets of the space or the neighborhoods of the space. 1968S. Moran tr. H. Schubert's Topology 86 An open set is a neighbourhood of every one of its subsets.
4. a. Resort or haunt of persons near one; company; neighbours.
1596Spenser F.Q. vi. v. 34 A little Hermitage there lay, Far from all neighbourhood. a1716Bp. O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. 97 A Member of a..Corporation, consisting of his Neighbourhood, and Acquaintance. 1800Knox & Jebb Corr. I. 3 Immediate neighbourhood I have none, save one family. 1854H. Miller Sch. & Schm. xvi. (1857) 366 They had been known, each in his own circle of neighbourhood.
†b. A place lying near to one. Obs. rare—1.
1634Milton Comus 314, I know..every bosky bourn from side to side, My daily walks and ancient neighbourhood.
5. a. A community; a certain number of people who live close together.
1625Bacon Ess., Friendship (Arb.) 165 In a great Towne..there is not that Fellowship..which is in lesse Neighbourhoods. 1711Steele Spect. No. 49 ⁋3 Those little Communities which we express by the Word Neighbour⁓hoods. 1774G. White Selborne xl, [Whitethroats] are shy and wild in breeding-time, avoiding neighbourhoods, and haunting lonely lanes. 1809–10Coleridge Friend (1865) 126 Men remain in the domestic state and form neighbour⁓hoods, but not governments. a1882Emerson in Hinsdale Garfield & Educ. ii. 413 The banian of the forest, yielding shade and fruit to wide neighborhoods of men.
b. A (religious) society of neighbours.
1883Century Mag. Oct. 856/2 This movement led to the establishment of a neighborhood of Friends in the streets leading from Chatham Square.
6. a. The people living near to a certain place or within a certain range.
1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 73 The Commanders of this Fortress make always Leagues with the Neighborhood. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. iv, The whole neighbourhood came out to meet their minister. 1802E. Parsons Myst. Visit III. 204 The neighbourhood had scandalized [her].
b. A district or portion of a town or country, freq. considered in reference to the character or circumstances of its inhabitants.
1697Dryden Virg. Past. i. 15 The raging Sword and wastful Fire Destroy the wretched Neighbourhood around. 1778Pennant Tour Wales (1883) I. 24 The several sorts of founderies in the neighborhood. 1813Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1838) XI. 60 All the camps in this neighbour⁓hood quite quiet. 1838Dickens O. Twist xv, Darkness had set in; it was a low neighbourhood. 1880Disraeli Endym. lvii, The back slums of his ferocious neighbourhood.
c. In urban planning and development, a small sector of a larger inhabited area with an integrated community provided with its own shops and other facilities.
1951Social Aspects Town Devel. Plan (Univ. Liverpool, Social Sci. Dept.) ii. 25 It must be emphasised that the essence of a Neighbourhood from the point of view of the planner and sociologist alike, is the opportunity it provides for people to meet together, to share the burdens of daily life, and to co-operate in an endeavour to overcome their common problems. 1961Listener 2 Nov. 702/2 People are beginning..to insist that their local authorities give proper consideration to all those aspects of life which make a neighbourhood different from an estate. 1961Observer 3 Dec. 23/3 The principle, so depressingly practised in the first batch of British new towns, of grouping low-density housing in so-called neighbourhoods, punctuated by random acres of open space and served by small shopping centres. 1973Country Life 6 Dec. 1952/1 One of London's greatest attractions is..its village-like localities. In planning jargon these are called neighbourhoods or..environmental areas.
7. attrib., as neighbourhood bookie, neighbourhood bookstore, neighbourhood centre, neighbourhood council, neighbourhood grocery, neighbourhood market, neighbourhood meeting, neighbourhood park, neighbourhood party, neighbourhood road, neighbourhood school, neighbourhood shop, neighbourhood shopping centre, neighbourhood store, neighbourhood unit, neighbourhood-war; neighbourhood friendly U.S. colloq., a well-known local shop, a neighbourhood shop; neighbourhood watch orig. U.S., (a programme of) systematic vigilance by citizens in order to combat crime in their neighbourhood; freq. attrib.
1971Black Scholar June 6/1 A man of some kind is usually around. He may be a boyfriend, an uncle or just the neighborhood bookie.
1973N.Y. Law Jrnl. 17 Apr., Each appellant managed a large neighborhood bookstore.
1961Listener 28 Sept. 470/3 The idea that a neighbourhood centre was a sort of rag-bag where you put all the social functions if you could not find anywhere else to put them.
1973Guardian 24 Dec. 13/6 The idea of neighbourhood councils or ‘community councils’ or ‘urban parish councils’ is based on the simple proposition that there is no urban equivalent of the rural parish council and that there should be.
1970J. Hansen Fadeout (1972) xx. 167 But those envelopes were there. Nine of them. The kind you buy at your neighbourhood friendly. In packs of a dozen.
1966B. H. Deal Fancy's Knell v. 67 The supermarkets had killed the neighborhood grocery.
1938Richmond (Va.) News-Leader 28 Sept. 1/3 The rush of tobacco to market has operated greatly to the advantage of the smaller towns of the belt. Leaf that once was sold in the big centers of North Carolina and Virginia is overflowing into the neighborhood markets.
1823S. Huntington in Mem. 348 The neighbourhood meeting for this quarter of the city.
1961L. Mumford City in Hist. xvi. 502 The neighborhood park, conceived either as a Greenbelt around the neighborhood,..or as a ribbon of internal green. 1972Village Voice (N.Y.) 1 June 16/3 Proceeds of the fair will help the association purchase two vacant lots to be developed into a neighborhood park.
1869Mrs. Whitney We Girls xi. (1874) 244, I daresay Mrs. Pennington will have her neighbourhood parties again.
1835W. G. Simms Partisan II. xxviii. 266 A small track—a common wagon or neighborhood road—wound into the forest. 1843‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase i. 89 Notice here, a neighborhood road does not imply necessarily much proximity of neighbours.
1842Southern Lit. Messenger VIII. 65/1 As this was what is called a ‘neighborhood school’, the pupils necessarily came from a great distance. 1967New Yorker 31 May 88/2 School integration and the preservation of neighborhood schools have been white-collar movements. 1973Times 19 Apr. 18/1 The tendency for neighbourhood schools to develop on class lines.
1966B. H. Deal Fancy's Knell v. 67 The shopping centers had killed the neighborhood shops. 1968Guardian 26 Mar. 9/3 Her customers..used to shop in the West End, but are thankful to find a first-rate fashion shop nearer home. The success of such ‘neighbourhood shops’..is an interesting trend.
1961Listener 28 Sept. 471/1 Strong neighbourhood shopping centres.
1949E. S. Gardner in Argosy Apr. 108/3 In that district of small neighbourhood stores, he's in a position to keep irregular hours. 1974Amer. Speech 1971 XLVI. 76 Grocery store,..neighborhood store.
1943Archit. Rev. XCIII. 91/1 Five such residential units make up into one neighbourhood unit of approximately a thousand families. 1953P. C. Berg Dict. New Words 114/1 Neighbourhood unit, one of the residential areas in a planned town, containing about 10,000 inhabitants, complete with schools, shops, and a community centre of its own. 1961E. A. Powdrill Vocab. Land Planning iii. 40 It is by now a fundamental concept of town and country planning that the rehabilitation of existing towns and the building of new towns should be based on the ‘neighbourhood unit’ principle. 1966Listener 19 May 729/3 It was interesting to discover how much Patrick Abercrombie's neighbourhood-unit concept..had influenced Moscow planners.
1888H. C. Lea Hist. Inquis. I. 60 Torn with unceasing and savage neighborhood-war.
1972National Sheriff Aug.–Sept. 9 Materials and related techniques designed to encourage local citizens to be alert to and the circumstances which may prevent as well as indicate a burglary or larceny [sic], and to take appropriate actions are being developed...The program will be known as the National Neighborhood Watch Program. 1977Crime Prevention Bk. for Senior Citizens (Midwest Research Inst.) ii. 30 If or when you decide to establish a ‘neighborhood watch’, call a group of neighbors together, not to be merely sociable, but to agree to keep an eye on each other's property and on the neighborhood in general. 1983Daily Tel. 6 Apr. 19/3 Scotland Yard, impressed by the success of America's ‘neighbourhood watch’ citizen crime prevention projects, sent two officers on a fortnight's study tour of US cities. 1986New Socialist Sept. 5/1 Neighbourhood watch schemes are catching on fast. In January a Home Office minister said 8,000 schemes were in operation.
b. Attrib. phr. the, your, etc., friendly neighbourhood, applied to a well-known and popular local person or thing; also ironical. colloq.
1955W. Gaddis Recognitions ii. ii. 366 Just tell Mummy to ask about Cuff next time she visits her friendly neighborhood druggist. 1968Peace News 25 Oct. 7 (heading) Your friendly neighbourhood senior detective officer. 1971Guardian 4 June 5/5 Their friendly neighbourhood stockbroker gave his talents free. 1973‘R. MacLeod’ Nest of Vultures vii. 154, I feel like I've just made a date with the friendly neighbourhood vampire. 1974Times 22 Mar. 21/4 (heading) Your friendly neighbourhood fuel cell. |