| 释义 |
necessitarian, n. and a.|nɪˌsɛsɪˈtɛərɪən|
[f. necessity + -arian: cf. necessarian.]
a. One who maintains that all human action is necessarily determined by the law of causation, as opposed to one who believes in the doctrine of free will.
1796F. A. Nitsch Gen. View Kant's Princ. concerning Man 17 The Necessitarians..make a considerable party in the philosophic world. 1798Cowper Let. to Lady Hesketh 8 Dec., He is a wretch indeed who is a necessitarian by experience. a1806Horsley (L.), These necessitarians maintain the certain influence of moral motives as the..means whereby human actions..are brought into the continued chain of causes and effects. 1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. (Bohn) 135 Hume, Priestley, and the French fatalists or necessitarians. 1855Mansel Lett., Lect., etc. (1873) 145 The Necessitarian..concludes that I am a determined effect. 1874W. Wallace Hegel's Logic §52. 93 This experience in consciousness is at once met by all that the Necessitarian produces from contrary experience. 1912Kipling Songs from Books (1913) 154 (title) The necessitarian. 1952C. P. Blacker Eugenics 267 Unconscious prejudices can throw the Nature-Nurture controversy into different perspectives. Those who believe in predestination as an article of religion have a necessitarian bias which might incline them to over-estimate the role of heredity. 1956E. H. Hutten Lang. Mod. Physics vi. 212 Ever since Hume the necessitarian interpretation [of determinism] has been rejected. 1966M. R. D. Foot SOE in France viii. 183 By one of those accidents that baffle the necessitarians, the only sentry awake at the moment of the drop was a newcomer who did not know where the alarm telephone was.
b. attrib. or as adj.
1810Bentham Packing (1821) 185 According to this learned gentlman's necessitarian theory. 1825Coleridge Aids Refl. (1848) I. 120 It was in strict consistency, therefore, that these writers supported the Necessitarian scheme. 1872Calderwood Handbk. Mor. Philos. (1878) 194 The necessitarian doctrine in denying freedom of will, does not altogether refuse a place to freedom. |