| 释义 |
▪ I. swike, n.1 Obs. (exc. dial.).
Forms: 1–2 swica, 2 swice, 2–4 swike, suike, 3 sweoke, swoke, (swiche), 3–4 suyke, 5 sweke.
[OE. swica: see swike v. In Sc. and north. dial. swaik, swyke, swick = deceitful person, worthless fellow.]
A deceiver; a traitor.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvii. 63 We ᵹemunon þæt se swica sæde þa he on life wæs æfter þrym daᵹon ic arise. a1100O.E. Chron. an. 1055 Utlaᵹode mann ælfar eorl forðon him man wearp on þæt he wæs þes cynges swica. 1154Ibid. an. 1135 Þa ricemen þe wæron swikes. a1200Moral Ode 103 in O.E. Hom. I. 165 Þa swicen [Egerton MS. swikele, later copy swikene] and ta forsworene. a1225Ancr. R. 98 Ueond þet þuncheð freond is swike ouer alle swike. c1230Hali Meid. 45 Ne geineð þe nawt, sweoke. c1300Havelok 1158 Þat wicke þral, þat foule swike. c1400R. Gloucester's Chron. 6399 (MS. β) Alle traitours & luþer swikes [v.rr. suiken, sweken, swykes] god late hom so spede.
▪ II. swike, n.2 Obs. (exc. dial.).
Forms: 1 swic, ? swica, swice, 3–4 swike, 3–5 swik, (swiche), 4 suike, suik, (suiche), squike, squyke, 4–5 swyke, 5 swyk, swyck.
[OE. swic ? n., chiefly in compounds, swice str. m., escape, outcome, issue, deceit, treachery, stumbling-block, swice wk. f., or swica wk. m., trap: cf. MHG. swîch, swîche deceit, and see swike v.]
1. Deceit, deception, treachery; an act of deception, a trick.
In ME., withouten swike or but swike was used as a metrical tag.
In mod.Sc. and north. dial. in the forms swike, swyke, swick, with the sense ‘cheat, deception’; also in Sc. phr. the swick of, the responsibility for (something blameworthy).
c893ælfred Oros. iii. vii. 114 He..ealle þa cyningas mid biswice [Cott. MS. mid his swice] ofsloᵹ. c1220Bestiary 445 Ðe deuel is tus ðe fox ilik mið iuele breides & wið swik. c1250Hymn to God 19 in Trin. Coll. Hom. App. 258 He vs bouchte wið his blod of þe feondes swiche. a1300Cursor M. 818 (Cott.) Þe find..Þat wit his suik bi-suak adam. Ibid. 2097 Asie es, wit-outen suike, Sua mikel als europ and affrike. Ibid. 6514 ‘Þi folk,’ he said, ‘has don a suik.’ c1425Wyntoun Cron. vii. viii. 1616 (Wemyss MS.) He gat nocht þat bischoprik Nocht wiþ lawte, bot with swik. a1500Ratis Raving i. 1031 Bot always serf hyme elyk, Quhill þow haf tan thi leif but swik.
†2. A snare, trap. Obs.
This use is perh. continued under the form sweek, q.v. (where, however, another explanation has been suggested). Cf. swickle.
a1100Gloss Aldhelm i. 4982 (Napier 127/2) Decipulam, swican. 13..Coer de L. 4081 Under the brygge ther is a swyke, Corven clos, joynand queyntlike. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 677 Under that than was a swyke, That made Syr Ywain to myslike; His horse fote toched thareon, Than fel the port-culis onone. 14..Guy Warw. (Camb. MS.) 7580 He ys black as any pyck, And also felle as a lyon in his swyck. c1475Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 703/7 Hec discipula [= decipula], a swyke.
▪ III. † swike, a. Obs.
[OE. swice (Genesis 1996, where the meaning is doubtful): see next.]
Deceitful; treacherous; traitorous.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 53 Þenne þe mon wule tilden his musestoch he bindeð uppon þa swike chese. c1205Lay. 14865 He..minne fader biswak þurh swike his craftes [later version mid his luþer craftes]. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2845 He ledden feren swike, Ðe sulden him deren witterlike.
▪ IV. swike, v. Obs. exc. Sc. dial.
Forms: α. 1 swican, 2–5 swike, 4 suike, squike, squyke, Ayenb. zuyke, 4–5 (9 dial.) swyke; β. 1 swician, 2 swikian, 3 swic, 4 suick, squeke, 6 swik, swyk, 9 dial. swick. pa. tense. α. 1–3 swac, (pl. 1 swicon, 2 suyken), 2–3 -swak, 3–5 -swok(e, 4 suak(e, squake; β. 1 swicode, (-ade, -ede), 4–5 swykede, swykkede, 6 Sc. swikit. pa. pple. α. 1–3 -swicen, 2–5 swiken, 4 squikin, 5 suiken; β. 9 Sc. swicket.
[OE. swícan str. vb., pa. tense swác, swicon, pa. pple. swicen, and swician wk. vb., to wander, depart, cease, fail in loyalty, deceive, ‘scandalizare’, also in compounds á-, be-, ᵹeswícan, á-, beswician (see aswike, beswike, iswike). The str. vb., repr. a Com. Teut. vb. *sweikan with a variety of meanings, corresponds to OFris. swîka to keep far from, OS. swîkan, pa. tense swêk to leave in the lurch, to languish, be disloyal, MLG. swîken to give way, MDu. zwîken to escape, desert, depart, (also bezwîken to faint, to leave in the lurch, Du. bezwijken to give way, sink), OHG. swîhhan, swîchan, MHG. swîchen to faint, desert, allow to perish, also OHG. swîchôn to wander, stray (G. dial. schweichen to wander round, to deceive), ON. svíkva, svíkja, pa. tense sveik, sviku, pa. pple. svikinn to betray (MSw. swika, Sw. svika, Da. svige). The wk. vb. is from the weak grade of the root, whence also OE. swica, swice, swic swike n.1 and n.2, swice swike a., MLG. swik, OHG. biswih deceit, treachery, ON. svik (MSw. swik, swek, Sw. svek, Da. svig) treachery, -sviki traitor, and OE. swicol swickle.]
I.
†1. intr. To leave off, cease. Obs.
In OE. const. gen. or from; in ME. the gen. sing. can be apprehended as pl., which then appears to be a direct object.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxviii. 195 ærest mon hnappað; ᵹif he ðonne ðære hnappunge ne swicð, ðonne hnappað he oð he wierð on fæstum slæpe. a900Cynewulf Juliana 373 (Gr.) Ic hine þæs synnum onæle þæt he byrnende from ᵹebede swiceð. c1175Lamb. Hom. 15 Þas reueres & þas þeues þet nulleð nu nefre swike heore uueles. c1220Bestiary 193 No mod ðu ne cune,..oc swic of sineginge. a1225Leg. Kath. 1937 Swa þet Katerine..swike hire sotschipes, & ure wil wurche. c1240Cuckoo Song, Cuccu! cuccu! Wel singes þu cuccu; ne swik þu nauer nu. a1310in Wright Lyric P. xv. 48 Nou y swyke, y mei nout so, Hit [sc. gout] siweth me so faste. 1340Ayenb. 157 Vor hy ne zuykeþ neure niȝt ne day ac alneway bieþ in waytinge uor ous.
†2. intr. To act deceitfully, practise deceit. Obs.
c1000ælfric Hom. I. 316 Hwi woldest ðu swician on ðinum aᵹenum? c1000― in Ags. Hom. (Assmann) i. 121 Ure wiðerwinna is witodlice se deofol, þe embe us swicað mid his searacræftum. c1205Lay. 2349 Ah ne dude he nawiht swo for swiken [c 1275 swike] he þohte. a1300Cursor M. 19093 (Cott.) Yee suak and nitt be-for pilate, And demed als ye-seluen wate. c1300K. Horn 711 (Laud) Ne shal ich neuere swike, Ne do þat þe mislike.
II.
3. trans. To deceive, cheat, ensnare.
In OE. const. dative.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxiv. 11 Multi pseudo-prophetae surgent et seducent multos, moniᵹo lease witᵹo arisað & swicað moniᵹo. c1000ælfric Exod. xxxiv. 15 Ne nim þu nane sibbe wið þæs landes menn, þe læs þe hira æniᵹ þe swice. a1023Wulfstan Hom. xxxiii. (1883) 160 Mæst ælc swicode and oðrum derede wordes and dæde. c1050O.E. Chron. an. 1049 (Cott. MS.) Ða wende Beorn for þære sibbe þæt he him swican nolde. c1205Lay. 3948 Poreus hauede þe heorte swa luþer..þat swiken he him wolde a sumes kinnes wisen. c1220Bestiary 601 He ðe swiken ðer imong, ðin aȝte wið swiking, ði soule wið lesing. a1300Cursor M. 819 (Cott.) God wist wel þe find him suak. Ibid. 14840 Quer he haf suiken [Fairf. squikin] wit his art, Ani lauerding apon vr part. Ibid. 26572 If þou will noght þi saul suick [Fairf. squike] Þou sceu þi sin all openlike. a1340Hampole Psalter xxxvi. 34 For þe rightwismannys life is vnlike til his, he thynkis him to swyke. c1375Cursor M. 26456 (Fairf.) Qua wraþþis his lorde he dos him squeke, Quen he of merci has funden him meke. 1513Douglas æneis iv. ii. 72 Sum tyme wald scho Ascanius, the page..in hir bosum brace, gif scho tharby The luif vntellable mycht swyk or satisfy. 1514in Rec. Earldom of Orkney (S.H.S.) 88 It is weill knawin and fund that he swekit and defraudit his bruthir.
†b. Of a thing: To prove false to, disappoint the expectation of, fail (a person). Obs.
In OE. also, ‘to be a traitor, desert’.
Beowulf 1460 (Gr.) Næfre hit [sc. the sword] æt hilde ne swac manna ænᵹum. a1400Morte Arth. 1795 Whene his spere was sprongene, he spede hym fulle ȝerne, Swappede owtte wiþ a swerde, that swykede hym neuer. Ibid. 3361 For whilles thow swanke with the swerde, it swykkede þe neuer. a1400–50Wars Alex. 4999 And þou may swythe haue a sware, at swike sall þe neuire.
†c. To surprise, take unawares. Obs. rare—1.
c1400Anturs of Arth. xlii. (Douce MS.) Withe a swap of a swerde þat swaþel him swykes.
d. To get dishonestly, ‘sneak’. Sc. dial.
1889Edwards Strathearn Lyrics 33 My heaviest care was the loss o' a bool, When 'twas stown or ‘swicket’ at Auld Jenny's Schule.
Hence † swiking (OE. swicung) vbl. n., deceit, fraud; † swiking ppl. a., whence † swikingly (swicandliche) adv., treacherously.
c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 198 Swicunge ceapes. c1000in Anglia (1889) XI. 117/29 Inlusione diabolica, mid swicunge deoflicre. c1175Lamb. Hom. 25 Þenne cumeð her under þe deofel swicandliche. c1220[see 3 above]. |