| 释义 |
▪ I. reprobate, n.|ˈrɛprəbeɪt|
[ad. L. reprobāt-us: see next.]
1. One rejected by God; one who has fallen away from grace or religion; one lost in sin.
1545Bale Image Both Ch. ii. (1550) 41 The wyse menne of this worlde, the verye reprobates from God, all drye without the true faythe, dranke vp this fylthye water. 1557N.T. (Genev.) 2 Cor. xiii. 5 Knowe ye not your owne selues, how that Iesus Christ is in you, except ye be reprobates? 1630Prynne Anti-Armin. 103 Mr. Bradford speakes this onely to silence Reprobates and damned men. 1678R. Barclay Apol. Quakers vii. §8. 225 We must know Christ in us, except we be Reprobates, or unjustified Persons. 1728Morgan Algiers I. vi. 179 His People were become perfect Reprobates, quite devoid of all Religion. 1851Longfellow Gold. Leg. v. i. 232 A hopeless reprobate, a hardened sinner, Must be that Carmelite now passing near.
2. An abandoned or unprincipled person; one whose character is utterly bad; a scamp.
1592Nashe Four Lett. Confut. D iij, Thy pen is in state of a Reprobate with all men of iudgement and reckoning. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iv. iii. 78 What if we do omit This Reprobate,..til he were wel enclin'd. 1607Heywood Fayre Mayde Exch. Wks. 1874 II. 80 Come from him, hee's a reprobate. 1706E. Ward Wooden World Diss. (1708) 15, I am far from drawing him a downright Reprobate. 1715De Foe Fam. Instruct. i. i. (1841) I. 12 They always grow worse and worse, till they grow mere reprobates. 1829Lytton Disowned I. iii. 33 At the age of thirteen [I] was as thorough a reprobate as the tribe could desire. 1840Macaulay Ess., Clive (1887) 526 The general opinion seems to have been that poor Robert was a dunce, if not a reprobate. 1879Froude Cæsar xv. 226 He saw himself driven into banishment by an insolent reprobate, a patrician turned Radical and demagogue.
▪ II. reprobate, a.|ˈrɛprəbət|
[ad. late L. reprobāt-us, pa. pple. of reprobāre: see next. Most of the senses are based upon Biblical passages.]
1. Rejected or condemned as worthless, inferior or impure. Now rare.
1545Bale Image Both Ch. ii. (1550) 105 Declare them first of all to the worlde, to be the reprobate veselles of dishonour, which of wylfulnesse contempneth my eternall veryte. 1560Bible (Genev.) Jer. vi. 30 Thei shal call them reprobate [L. reprobum] siluer, because the Lord hathe reiected them. 1582N.T. (Rhem.) Heb. vi. 8 The earth..bringing forth thornes and bryers, it is reprobate [L. reproba]. 1665J. Spencer Vulg. Proph. 1 There is a great deal of reprobate Silver which carries the image of the King and looks like Sterling. 1737Cruden Concordance (1845) 395 This word among metallists is used to signify any metal that,..when tried,..betrays itself to be adulterate or reprobate. 1827Pollock Course T. ii. 69 Creeds..unsanctioned.., And reprobate in heaven.
†2. Depraved, degraded, morally corrupt. Obs.
1550Crowley Way to Wealth A vj b, God hath geuen the vp in to a reprobate minde [Rom. i. 28]. 1557N.T. (Genev.) 2 Tim. iii. 8 Men of corrupte mindes, reprobate concerning the faith. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. i. ii. 64 If drawing my sword against the humour of affection, would deliuer mee from the reprobate thought of it, I would take Desire prisoner. 1593― Lucr. 300 By reprobate desire thus madly led, The Romane Lord marcheth to Lvcrece bed. 1656Cowley Pindar. Odes, Isa. xxxiv, note iii, Some men are so given up even to the most reprobate sense of Aristotle, that not so much as the Divine Authority can draw them from it. 1671Milton Samson 1685 Insensate left, or to sense reprobate, And with blindness internal struck.
†b. Const. to (= with respect to, in respect of).
1557N.T. (Genev.) Tit. i. 16 Thei..are abominable and disobedient, and vnto euerie good worke reprobate [L. reprobi]. 1760C. Johnston Chrysal (1822) II. 86 Something so grossly reprobate to every sense of real virtue.
3. Rejected by God; lost or hardened in sin.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. 2 Those men that are in themselues reprobate and accursed. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xxxvii. 235 The end of Miracles, was to beget beleef, not universally in all men, elect, and reprobate; but in the elect only. 1667Milton P.L. i. 697 Thir..Strength and Art are easily outdone By spirits reprobate. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxxv. 314 Hard and reprobate as the godless man seemed now [etc.]. 1878Stewart & Tait Unseen Univ. i. §44. 61 Others cannot admit the eternity of misery, but believe the most reprobate will ultimately be reclaimed and elevated into the regions of bliss.
b. Of abandoned character; lost to all sense of religious or moral obligation; unprincipled.
1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 3 The greatest part of our company were reprobate persons, and absolute Atheists. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 531 She was not built for a Privateer, but was run away with by a reprobate Crew. 1766[Anstey] Bath Guide v. 47 'Twas shocking to hear The Oaths of that reprobate gouty old Peer. 1884Illustr. Lond. News 25 Oct. 387/3, I have known persons so utterly reprobate and abandoned as to order ‘sherry and angostura’..as a whet before dinner.
4. absol. Those who are rejected by God, and thus excluded from participation in eternal life with Him. (Opposed to the elect.)
1563Foxe A. & M. 1141/2, I beleue yt we al shal rise again in these our bodies. The elect..to liue wt Christ for euer: the reprobate..to liue wt y⊇ deuil and his angels. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 7 It is said of the reprobate and of them that are hardened, of which sort are all Atheists, that [etc.]. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xxxviii. 244 Wee do not read, that to any of the Reprobate is promised an Eternall life. 1675R. Burthogge Causa Dei 66 Thus it is in the Elect and Reprobate. 1833J. Waterworth tr. Veron's Rule Cath. Faith 144 Can the predestinate be lost, or the reprobate saved?
†5. Implying or involving something disgraceful or discreditable. Obs.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xxiii. (Arb.) 279 This word Cheuaucher in the French tongue hath a reprobate sence, specially being spoken of a womans riding. 1612Naunton in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 118 My mediation to bring Sir F. Gr[eville] and him to meet..was, I know not how, turquesed into a reprobate sense.., as if I were too suspiciously inward with Sir F. Gr.
†6. Deserving or worthy of condemnation or reproof; appropriate to reprobates. Obs.
1601? Marston Pasquil & Kath. i. 21 Reprobate fashion, when each ragged clowt..Reekes in the face of sacred maiestie His stinking breath of censure! 1645Milton Colast. Wks. 1851 IV. 374 Who would have deny'd it, but one of a reprobate ignorance in all hee meddles with. 1768Sterne Sent. Journ. I. 135 (Amiens), There was nothing wrong in the sentiment; and yet I instantly reproached my heart with it in the bitterest and most reprobate of expressions. 1771E. Griffith Hist. Lady Barton III. 171 The following part of my unhappy story..impels me to wild distraction, or to reprobate despair.
▪ III. reprobate, v.|ˈrɛprəbeɪt|
Also 5–7 as pa. pple.
[f. L. reprobāt-, ppl. stem of reprobāre, f. re- re- 2 d + probāre to prove: cf. reprove v.]
1. trans. To disapprove of, censure, condemn.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) VI. 407 Sergius..beynge a cardinalle diacon, and reprobate by Formosus the pope, wente to Fraunce. Ibid. VIII. 259 Gregory the xthe..approbate certeyne of the ordres of beggers..; somme he reprobate, as frers Saccines. 1607J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Plough 36 So those Scribes..were rejected..and their workes reprobated. 1671[R. MacWard] True Nonconf. 145 It was not only not introduced, but plainly reprobate by our Lord and his Apostles. 1752Law Spirit Love ii. (1816) 129 For nothing is reprobated in Cain, but that very same which is reprobated in Abel. 1787Winter Syst. Husb. 205 His neighbours reprobated his method of proceeding. 1850W. Irving Mahomet vii. (1853) 36 He reprobated what he termed the heresies of his nephew. 1882J. B. Stallo Concepts Mod. Physics 57 The ‘assumption’ of universal attraction is reprobated as an ‘absurdity’ by James Croll.
†b. To abhor to do a thing. Obs. rare—1.
1779Earl Malmesbury Diaries & Corr. I. 236 His Prussian Majesty has..perhaps employed means we should reprobate to make use of.
2. Of God: To reject or cast off (a person or persons) from Himself; to exclude from participation in future bliss. (Cf. reprobation 3.)
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 24 b, For theyr synne they be reprobate & forsaken of god. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 340 That the Thiefe on the right hand was saved, and the other on the left reprobated..we are ready to admit. a1711Ken Psyche Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 294 Paternal God, though it is just To reprobate infected Dust [etc.]. 1751G. Lavington Enthus. Meth. & Papists iii. (1754) 3 Persons of weak Spirits..will naturally..look upon themselves as reprobated, and forsaken of God. 1783Cowper Let. to Newton 21 Apr., Such a man reprobated in the great day, would be the most melancholy spectacle. 1847J. Kirk Cloud Disp. xi. 164 Proof that God has reprobated from eternity a certain part of mankind.
3. To reject, refuse, put away, set aside. (Sometimes with suggestion of sense 1.)
1609Bible (Douay) Gen. xxv. comm., The younger is elected, the elder reprobate. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 130 Pole being reprobated, Julius the Third..was chosen in his place. 1773Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 20 Sept., I think the resolution both of my head and my heart engaged, and reprobate every thought of desisting from the undertaking. 1782Priestley Matt. & Spir. (ed. 2) I. Pref. 30 Mr. De Luc..will see this opinion..reprobated with contempt. 1850Neale Med. Hymns (1867) 116 Reprobated and rejected Was this Stone.
b. Law. To reject (an instrument or deed) as not binding on one. (Chiefly in Sc. Law, as opposed to approbate.) Also absol.
1726Ayliffe Parergon 305 An Exception lies against the Tenor of an Instrument by other Proofs and Evidence in Writing: and this Method (among others) is the best way of reprobating an Instrument. a1768Erskine Inst. Law Scot. iii. iii. §49 (1773) 465 The grantee does not in such case approbate and reprobate the same deed. 1836Blackw. Mag. XXXIX. 662 You cannot approbate and reprobate the same instrument. 189919th Cent. May 734 The clerical objector cleaves to the one set of laws and rejects the other. He seeks to approbate and reprobate.
†c. To repudiate, cast off, disown. ? Obs.
1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. xxv. 179, I beseech him not to reprobate his child for an aversion which it is not in her power to conquer. 1780Newgate Cal. V. 154 The seduction was followed by very disagreeable consequences: the father reprobated his daughter.
†4. intr. To employ reproaches. Obs. rare— 1.
1698Christ Exalted 100 He reprobated exceedingly against Israel.
Hence ˈreprobated ppl. a. Also absol.
1535Joye Apol. Tindale (Arb.) 16 Where the state of the electe and of the reprobated immediately after their deth is described. 1647Wither Carmen Expost. B iij, God hath, for that offence, Expos'd you to a reprobated sense, Believing lies. 1668Clarendon Contempl. Ps. Tracts (1727) 571 It is not possible for the most reprobated sinner to believe [etc.]. 1782Cowper Table-T. 459 Callous and tough, The reprobated race grows judgment-proof. 1790H. More Relig. Fash. World (1791) 197 This reprobated strictness therefore..is in reality the true cause of actual enjoyment. |