| 释义 |
▪ I. reproach, n.|rɪˈprəʊtʃ|
Also 5–8 reproch(e.
[a. F. reproche (12th c.), vbl. n. f. reprocher (see next), = Prov. repropche, Sp. and Pg. reproche, It. rimproccio. The OF. variants reproce and repruce were also adopted in ME. (see these forms).]
1. A source or cause of disgrace or shame (to a person, etc.); a fact, matter, feature or quality bringing disgrace or discredit upon one.
c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 71 Thys traytour Eolus..dayly me manaces..Whyche to my name a reproche syngler Shuld be for euer. 1494Fabyan Chron. i. xvii. 16 Some..sayd, that to hym it was great reproche and dishonoure,..that he had nat the rule of al y⊇ lande. a1548Hall Chron. Hen. VI 169 It was not honorable, but a reproche and infamy to the Kyng, to have one to bee a Protector and governor of hym. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 240 They thinking it a reproch that we should ride ouer their graues, did with inraged countenances fling stones at vs. 1671Milton Samson 353, I pray'd for Children, and thought barrenness In wedlock a reproach. 1785Reid Intell. Powers ii. xx. 278 It is no wonder that..others..spurn at a knowledge they cannot account for, and vainly attempt to throw it off, as a reproach to their understanding. 1818Hallam Mid. Ages (1872) I. 135 Can it be an excessive reproach that the citizens fled from their dwellings. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. I. i. ix. 116 The conduct of Indian affairs..has always been a reproach to the United States.
b. A thing, animal, or person forming a source of disgrace or discredit.
1712Blackmore Creation (ed. 2) 139 The noxious Plant, and savage Animal, Which you the Earth's reproach and blemish call. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 136 ⁋11 Wretches, whom all but their dependents numbered among the reproaches of the species.
2. Shame, disgrace, opprobrium, or blame, incurred by or falling upon a person or thing. † in reproach, blamed, censured.
1484Caxton Fables of æsop iii. ix, The woman whiche lyueth in this world without reproche or blame is worthely to be gretely preysed. 1490― Eneydos xi. 42 God forbede that it may be sayd of Eneas..to haue reproche by ony of our sayd wordes. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. clxii. 200 Many good knyghtes and squyers..hadde rather a dyed, than to haue had any reproche. 1534Whitinton Tullyes Offices i. (1540) 28 Of the hye pride of herte which is in reproche, and maye be called mad hardynesse. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 222 Shame light on him, that..that, which is the noblest mysterie, Brings to reproach and common infamie! 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. ii. §3 There is no reproach to the scandal of a Story; it is such an authentick kind of falshood. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 154 ⁋9 We may with as little reproach borrow science as manufactures from our ancestors. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xii. III. 232 He tried gentler means than those which had brought so much reproach on his predecessor. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 490 These are the sort of practices..which cast a reproach upon the succour of adversity.
b. With poss. pron. (One's) shame or disgrace.
1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 768 All the worlde shall to our honour and her reproche, perceyue [etc.]. 1579Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 20 If you..pul off the visard that Poets maske in, you shall disclose their reproch. 1611Bible Gen. xxx. 23 And shee..bare a sonne, and said; God hath taken away my reproch. 1671Milton P.R. iii. 66 As thou to thy reproach mayst well remember.
†c. to a reproach, to a disgraceful extent. Obs.—1
a1715Burnet Own Time ii. (1724) I. 158 They were ignorant to a reproach: And many of them were openly vitious.
3. Blame or censure directed against a person, sometimes implying abusive or opprobrious language, but also (esp. in mod. use) applied to mild upbraiding or rebuke. term etc. of reproach, one expressing strong censure or condemnation.
c1477Caxton Jason 21 If he..cometh to suche felicite and gothe to chaunge certes he is worthy of reproche. 1513Douglas æneis i. Prol. 74 That na lovingis ma do incres thi fame, Nor na reproche diminew thi guid name. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 197 They..drove awaye with reproche the kinges officers. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. iv. 5 Ever as she went her toung did walke In fowle reproch, and termes of vile despight. 1666Pepys Diary 27 Nov., I was sorry to see this way of reproach taken against us. 1712–14Pope Rape Lock v. 3 In vain Thalestris with reproach assails. 1791Cowper Iliad iii. 72 Such is thy dauntless spirit, whose reproach Perforce I own, nor causeless nor unjust. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 1 The name of Whig was never used except as a term of reproach. 1880Mrs. Forrester Roy & V. I. 6 The look of reproach deepens in Viola's eyes.
†b. in reproach of, in scorn of. Obs. rare—1.
1494Fabyan Chron. vi. clxii. 155 All was doon in reproche of Ethelburga, whiche slewe hir lorde Brigthricus.
4.
†a. An insult in act or deed. Obs. rare.
1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 374 For the Cristen hoost shuld be assuryd from the sodayne and vnware assautes and reprochis of the infidelles, therfore he closyd theym within a strength of dyche and pale. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Contumelia, To do one many injuries and reproches. 1600Sir W. Cornwallis Ess., Prayse Rich. III (1617) D iij, The reproch offered his body.
b. An expression of disapproval, censure, reproof, or upbraiding; † a verbal insult, an opprobrious expression or epithet.
1548Elyot, Contumelia,..a reproche, a rebuke, a checke, a taunte. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 33 b, Stoutly contemnyng al the reproches of the adversaries. 1597Beard Theatre God's Judgem. (1612) 492 Calling him make-bate and seditious villaine, with other opprobrious reproches. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. ⁋14 Fearing no reproche for slownesse, nor coueting praise for expedition. 1671Milton Samson 393 Thrice she assay'd with..amorous reproaches to win from me My capital secret. 1732T. Lediard Sethos II. ix. 315 The justice of the reproaches..drove Anteus into despair. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlviii. V. 27 She neither heard nor regarded the reproaches of mankind. 1819Shelley Cenci v. i. 98 Have I not the power to fly My own reproaches? 1834James J. Marston Hall viii, Every time he opened his mouth his words were drowned in murmurs and reproaches.
c. pl. A series of antiphons and responses, in which Christ is represented as reproaching his people, sung in Roman Catholic (and sometimes in Anglican) churches on Good Friday.
1884Catholic Dict. 405/1 These ‘reproaches’ are addressed in dramatic form by Christ to the Jewish people. 1897Westm. Gaz. 15 Apr. 6/3 Early services..consisting sometimes of the Litany or Morning Prayer,..and occasionally the singing of the Reproaches. 1900Daily News 14 Apr. 8/4 No words were used during the service, beyond those given in the Book of Common Prayer and the Reproaches.
†5. An object of scorn or contempt. Obs.
1560Bible (Genev.) Neh. ii. 17 Let vs buylde the wall of Ierusalem, that we be no more a reproche. ― Ps. lxxix. 4 We are a reproche to our neighbours.
▪ II. reproach, v.|rɪˈprəʊtʃ|
Also 5–7 reproch(e.
[ad. F. reprocher (OF. also reprochier) = Prov. repropchar, Sp. and Pg. reprochar, It. rimprocciare, referred by Diez to a Rom. *repropiāre, f. L. prope near (the phonology of the stem being as in F. approcher: see approach v.), but by Caix to a *reprobicāre from reprobus or reprobāre. The similarity of the senses to those of F. reprouver, to reprove, is somewhat in favour of the latter suggestion. Earlier forms of the verb in English are reproce and repruce.]
1. a. trans. To object or cast up (a thing) to, or bring (up) against, a person as a reproach or fault. Also const. on. Now rare.
c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon vi. 141 It shall not be reproched to me that ye fyghte me a fote & I on horsbacke. a1648Ld. Herbert Hen. VIII (1683) 561 He failed not to reproach unto the Pope his assisting of Francis. 1654–66Earl of Orrery Parthen. (1676) 18 Ah, Madam (said I) reproach me not the crime you yourself made me commit. 1668Dryden Dram. Poesy Ess. (ed. Ker) I. 61 The French writers..do not burden themselves too much with plot, which has been reproached to them..as a fault. 1830W. Taylor Hist. Surv. Germ. Poetry II. 60 Lichtenberg..reproached to the rude polemic his ingratitude. 1845E. B. Barrett Lett. R. Browning & E. B. B. I. 69 Jealousy of contemporaries, which we hear reproached..on men of letters. 1870Daily News 25 Oct., The mere fact of their frequenting cafés should not be reproached against them.
†b. To recall with reproaches. Obs. rare—1.
1533Bellenden Livy ii. xii. (S.T.S.) I. 173 Þe pepill..ran with grete cumpanyis to seruilius Consull, Ilkane reprocheand þe promisses maid be him.
2. a. To upbraid, reprove, or rebuke (a person); † to revile, abuse. Const. for († of) something.
1513Douglas æneis i. Prol. 504 Gif I haue failȝeit, baldly repruif my ryme, Bot..Reproche me nocht quhill the work be oursene. 1533Bellenden Livy ii. xxv. (S.T.S.) I. 233 He began to reproche þame of þare fleing. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1625) 31 That I should be occasioned thus to reproch you as I do, is..vnto me no great contentment. 1611Bible Job xxvii. 6 My heart shall not reproach me so long as I liue. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 10 Our Musketteers..reproach'd him for having communicated too much to us. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian vi, She gently reproached him for doubting the continuance of her regard. 1815Shelley Lett. Pr. Wks. 1880 III. 347 Your letter has lain by me for last week, reproaching me every day. 1877Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. i. x. 124 He reproached Fitzurse for ingratitude for past kindness.
absol.1611Bible Ps. xliv. 16 For the voice of him that reproacheth, and blasphemeth. Ibid. lxxiv. 10 O God, how long shall the aduersarie reproach? 1961B. Fergusson Watery Maze xv. 364 Like the good soldier he was, he never reproached or repined.
refl.1727De Foe Syst. Magic i. iv. (1840) 99 How would they have reproached themselves. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 100 As she sat reproaching herself, she beheld the Wezeer standing at her hand. 1870Dickens E. Drood iv, I will not say that I have reproached myself.
b. To upbraid (one) with something.
1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 45, I would reproach them with what had past. 1772Junius Lett. xxiii. (1788) 133 note, The Duke..reproached him in plain terms with his duplicity. 1838Lytton Alice i. xiii, Lady Vargrave's heart reproached her with not having..loved this sweet girl as she deserved. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xiii. (1899) II. 10 He was reproached with this misfortune as if it had been a crime.
refl.1855Ld. Houghton in Life (1891) I. xi. 527 It is one of those inconsideratenesses with which I am continually reproaching myself.
c. To censure or reprove (a thing, act, etc.).
1660Heylin Hist. Quinquart. (title-p.), The five Controverted Points, Reproached in these last times by the Name of Arminianism. 1697Dryden æneid x. 974 Mezentius with his ardour warm'd His fainting friends, reproach'd their shameful flight. 1748Johnson Van. Human Wishes 120 His last sighs reproach the faith of Kings. 1813Shelley Q. Mab vi. 93 Their everlasting and unchanging laws Reproached thine ignorance.
†3. To reject, reprobate. Obs. rare—1.
1534Whitinton Tullyes Offices ii. (1540) 75 What..may lette me to folowe those thynges whiche be laudable semynge to me, and to reproche such as be contrarye?
4. To bring (a thing) into reproach or discredit; to be a reproach to (a person).
1593Nashe Christ's T. 46 Riches as they haue renowned, so they haue reproched London. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. v. vi. 426 Imputation, For that he knew you, might reproach your life, And choake your good to come. 1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 152 Successful competition in the show of cotton goods for many years reproached the British manufacturer. 1886Daily Tel. 21 June (Cassell), The Inner Temple Hall, reproached with..Smirke's poverty-stricken perpendicular Gothic. |