| 释义 |
poplar|ˈpɒplə(r)|
Forms: 4–5 poplere, 4–6 popler, 5 poppeler, populer(e, 6 popelare, poplare, popeler, 6–7 popular, 6– poplar.
[ME. popler, a. OF. poplier (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), F. peuplier, f. L. pōpul-us poplar + -ier (:—L. -ārius) forming names of trees. Cf. popple n.1]
1. a. A tree of the genus Populus, comprising large trees of rapid growth, natives of temperate regions, some species remarkable for tremulous leaves, and producing soft light timber of loose texture; also, the timber of this tree. The Black Poplar, White Poplar, Lombardy Poplar, and Trembling Poplar or Aspen are the familiar European species.
The name is not native, and was used to render L. pōpulus before it was identified with any native or introduced tree.
1382Wyclif Hos. iv. 13 Thei brenneden tymyame vnder ook, and poplere, and terebynt. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 303 Þerfore Iacob took grene ȝerdes of populers of almand trees and of platans, and pyled of þe rynde [cf. popple n.1 b, quot. 1382]. a1400Pistill of Susan 70 Þe palme and þe poplere, þe pirie, þe plone. c1440Promp. Parv. 408/2 Poplere, or popultre, populus. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §130 In many places..[they] set such wethyes and pepelers in marshe grounde to nourysshe wode. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 98 Poplers grow by water sides and in moyst places. c1630Drummond of Hawthornden Poems 8 The Poplar spreads her Branches to the Skye, And hides from sight that azure Canopy. a1800Cowper Poplar Field 1 The poplars are felled, farewell to the shade, And the whispering sound of the cool colonade. 1830Tennyson Mariana iv, Hard by a poplar shook alway, All silver-green with gnarled bark.
b. With word distinguishing the species, as
balsam poplar (P. balsamifera) of N. America and Canada, with large resin-covered buds; black poplar (P. nigra), of wide branching habit; Carolina or necklace poplar (P. monilifera), the common Cottonwood of U.S., a tall tree, the light wood of which is valuable for making packing-cases, etc.; grey poplar (P. canescens), a variety of the white poplar; Lombardy or Italian poplar (P. pyramidalis, fastigiata, or dilatata), of tapering pyramidal habit and great height, also called pine poplar and Po-poplar; soft or paper poplar (P. grandidentata), of N. America, the soft wood of which is extensively used for paper-making; trembling poplar (P. tremula), the aspen; white poplar (P. alba), a large spreading tree, with deeply indented roundish leaves, which are downy and white beneath; the abele.
1884Miller Plant-n., *Balsam Poplar, Populus balsamifera. 1887Nicholson's Dict. Gard. s.v. Populus, P[opulus] balsamifera,..Balm of Gilead; Balsam Poplar; Tacamahac.
1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 504 The leaues and yong buds of *black Poplar, stampt and applyed, swageth the paine of the gout in the hands or feet. 1859W. S. Coleman Woodlands (1862) 76 Early in spring, when the branches of the Black Poplar are yet leafless, they are loaded with..a profusion of deep red catkins, or pendulous flower-spikes.
Ibid. 72 There is a variety..very common in the country, and sometimes called the *Grey Poplar (Populus alba, v. canescens), which has leaves more heart-shaped, and less deeply indented. 1782J. Scott Poet. Wks. 264 Hears the grey poplars whisper in the wind.
1766Museum Rust. VI. 176 The *Italian, or *Lombardy poplar, is of very quick growth, easily multiplied. 1882Garden 14 Jan. 26/1 This beautiful upright Cypress is among evergreen shrubs what the Lombardy Poplar is among timber trees.
1789Trans. Soc. Arts I. 78 This tree is called by some the *Pine Poplar.
1795Gentl. Mag. LXV. ii. 628 On the older leaves of the *Po-poplar it [a fungus] is observable this season very frequent. 1837Spirit of Woods 66 The Lombardy or Po poplar, a native..of Italy, where it grows very plentifully, especially on the banks of the Po.
1884Miller Plant-n., Populus grandidentata, Large-toothed Aspen, *Soft or Paper Poplar.
1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 248 Here is beheld the *Trembling Poplar. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 205 The trembling poplar does not succeed so well on stiff clayey soils, but will thrive in almost any other.
1562W. Bullein Bulwark, Bk. Simples 58 b, Pine trees, and *white Populars. 1859W. S. Coleman Woodlands (1862) 72 The White Poplar often grows into a very large and lofty tree.
2. Applied to other trees resembling the poplar in some respect: the tulip-tree (also tulip poplar) of N. America (Liriodendron tulipiferum); an Australian tree with poplar-like leaves, Carumbium populifolium (Omalanthus populifolius), family Euphorbiaceæ, also called Queensland poplar; a small Australian timber-tree, Codonocarpus cotinifolius = horse-radish tree (b), also called native poplar; yellow poplar = tulip poplar (Treas. Bot. 1866).
1766Compl. Farmer, Tulip-tree,..a native of North America,..is generally known through all the English settlements by the title of poplar. 1852C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 93 The bark of the poplar (Liriodendron tulipiferum) also contains tannin. 1894Melbourne Museum Catal., Economic Woods No. 61 (Morris), Raddish-Tree... The poplar of the Central Australian explorers. Whole tree strong-scented. 1896Spencer Thro Larapinta Land 47 A Codonocarpus, the ‘native poplar’ with light green leathery leaves. 1898Morris Austral Eng. 365 Poplar, in Queensland, a timber-tree, Carumbium populifolium.
3. attrib. and Comb., as poplar-block, poplar-board, poplar-branch, poplar grove, poplar-leaf, poplar log, poplar shade, poplar-timber, poplar-tree, poplar-twig; poplar-covered, poplar-crowned, poplar-flanked, poplar-lined adjs.; poplar aphis, Pemphigus bursarius or P. spirothecæ, both of which form galls on the leaf-stalks of poplar-trees; poplar beetle, Lina populi, of the family Chrysomelidæ, feeding on the leaves of the poplar; poplar birch, (U.S.) the common birch, Betula alba; poplar-borer U.S., the larva of a beetle, Saperda calcarata, which attacks the trunk and branches of poplar and certain other trees; poplar dagger, a moth, Acronycta populi, the larva of which feeds on poplar leaves; poplar girdler, a beetle, Saperda concolor, the larva of which girdles the trunks of poplar saplings; poplar grey, a British moth, Acronycta megacephala; poplar hawk (moth), Smerinthus populi, a large species of the Sphingidæ; poplar kitten, a small British puss-moth, Cerura or Dicranura bifida; poplar lutestring, a rare British moth, Ceropacha or Cymatophora or; poplar pine = Lombardy poplar; poplar-spinner, a N. Amer. geometrid moth, Biston ursaria, the larva of which strips poplars of their leaves; poplar-worm, the caterpillar of a poplar moth.
1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. ii. (1818) I. 29 The *poplar and apple Aphis are distinct species.
Ibid. xxi. II. 245 The grub of the *poplar-beetle..is remarkable for similar organs.
1870Morris Earthly Par. II. iii. 278 From off the *poplar-block white chips would fly.
1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 517 Payd to Umfray, carpenter, for c.c. of *popler bord.
1884Rep. Comm. Agric. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 383 The *Poplar-Borer..has been destructive to poplar trees on the shore of Casco Bay. 1942S. W. Frost Gen. Entomol. xix. 381 The poplar borer..and the carpenter worm..keep at least a portion of their burrows free from frass and other waste material. 1972Swan & Papp Common Insects N. Amer. 455 Poplar Borer... The larvae work in the trunk and large limbs of felled and weakened poplar.
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. ix. 39 What wight she was that *Poplar braunch did hold?
1798Landor Gebir vi. 157 *Poplar-crown'd Sperchios.
1832J. Rennie Conspectus Butterfl. & Moths 78 Acronycta... The *Poplar Grey.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Alameda, a *popler groue, Populetum.
1832J. Rennie Conspectus Butterfl. & Moths 23 The *Poplar Hawk. 1887Nicholson's Dict. Gard. III. 471/2 The Poplar Hawk Moth..lives on Poplars and Willows, and on Laurel and Laurustinus.
Ibid. 254/2 The *Poplar Kitten..feeds on Aspen and other Poplars.
1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 13 b, Make hym a playster of *Popular leaues. 1725Pope Odyss. vii. 135 Their busy fingers move, Like poplar-leaves when Zephyr fans the grove.
1832J. Rennie Conspectus Butterfl. & Moths 82 The *Poplar Lutestring.
1770H. Walpole Let. to Hon. H. S. Conway 25 Dec., If *poplar-pines ever grow, it must be in such a soaking season as this.
1497Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 235 Certeyn *poppeler-tymbre for making of cc pavysses.
14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 604/8 Populus, a *populertre. 1809A. Henry Trav. 128 Young wood of the birch, aspen, and poplar-tree.
1899Mackail Life Morris I. 335 Ordering three hundredweight of *poplar-twigs for experiments in yellow dyeing.
1807–8W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 223 Last year the *poplar-worm made its appearance.
Hence ˈpoplared ppl. a., planted with poplars.
1886F. Caddy Footsteps Jeanne D'Arc 85 The poplared levels of the southern bank. 1902Daily Chron. 4 Sept. 7/4 The afternoon was lovely, by the poplared Loire. |