| 释义 |
▪ I. mutism1|ˈmjuːtɪz(ə)m|
[ad. F. mutisme (1741 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. L. mūt-us: see mute a. and -ism.]
a. The state or condition of being mute; the refraining from speech, silence; lack of the faculty of speech, or inability to produce articulate sounds, dumbness. Also fig.
1824W. E. Andrews Crit. Rev. Fox's Bk. Martyrs. I. 365 The term of his mutism was expected with impatience. 1851W. H. Walshe Dis. Lungs & Heart 392 Cases of this affection [sc. tuberculous meningitis]..in which a peculiar form of mutism formed a striking symptom. 1853C. Brontë Villette xxviii, Paulina was awed by the savants, but not quite to mutism. 1859Max Müller Sci. Lang. Ser. i. ii. (1864) 32 Man must have lived for a time in a state of mutism. 1873Nature 27 Feb. 323/2, I know of two instances where perfect mutism accompanied the deafness in cats. 1882Sala America Revisited I. ix. 138 Behind the counter was a very paragon of mutism in the shape of an hotel clerk. 1891Temple Bar May 114 She all at once broke through her mutism and plied me with questions. 1894A. Griffiths Secrets Prison House II. iv. viii. 220 There was no other outlet but confession or obstinate mutism. 1899[see mute a. 2]. 1969P. Anderson in Cockburn & Blackburn Student Power 215 Given the complete mutism of the past, any such initial attempt will inevitably suffer from errors, lapses, [etc.]. 1975N.Y. Times Book Rev. 8 June vii. 21/3 All we can hope is..that the innumerable poems..will not give us nausea, or a new, science-inspired dose of mutism.
b. In Psychol. used (in contrast to aphonia) to imply the absence of any ascertainable defect of the vocal organs and hence a cause that is primarily psychological rather than physiological.
1892D. H. Tuke Dict. Psychol. Med. II. 827/2 Mutism, dumbness from mental defect or disorder. In addition to the cases of Deaf-Dumbness.., mutism occurs in the course of various mental disorders, as Mental Stupor, Delusional Insanity, &c. 1930Internat. Jrnl. Psychoanal. XI. 185 (title) On the physiology of hysterical aphonia and mutism. 1940Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry XCVI. 1445 In psychotic patients mutism is often associated with other manifestations of negativism. 1961W. R. Brain Speech Disorders vii. 107 Mutism is the term applied to a complete loss of speech in a conscious patient in the absence of organic disease of the nervous system. 1972S. Cashdan Abnormal Psychol. ii. 50 In extreme cases, social withdrawal leads to mutism (refusal to speak) and regression (acting in infantile ways).
▪ II. mutism2|ˈmjuːtɪz(ə)m|
[ad. F. mutisme, f. muter: see mute v. and -ism.]
= mutage.
1853Ure Dict. Arts I. 155 Wines which have been subjected to mutism. |