| 释义 |
multipolar, a.|mʌltɪˈpəʊlə(r)|
[f. multi- + polar a.]
Having or pertaining to many poles. a. Anat. Of a nerve cell: having many processes.
1859Todd's Cycl. Anat. V. 443/2 Of the ganglia, it is exclusively the sympathetic which are made up of multipolar ganglion-cells. 1885Encycl. Brit. XIX. 27/2 The cells of the spinal ganglia are usually rounded; those of the sympathetic more angular; those of the spinal cord multipolar. 1948A. Brodal Neurol. Anat. xi. 354 The autonomic ganglion cells in most of the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk and in the peripheral ganglia are usually multipolar and are characterized by possessing numerous and long dendrites. 1964J. Z. Young Model of Brain xix. 307 Multipolar amacrines are numerous in the cell islands of the optic lobes.
b. Electr. Of electrical machinery: having more than one pair of magnetic poles in the system of field magnets.
1884Higgs Magn. Dyn. Electr. Mach. 259 Formerly, in multipolar machines there were as many brushes as poles. 1903[see bar winding (bar n.1 30)]. 1964N. N. Hancock Matrix Analysis of Electr. Machinery v. 72 To apply the results to multipolar machines it will be necessary to reduce the speed and to increase the torque according to the number of pole-pairs.
c. Cytology. Having or involving more than two spindle poles.
1894Ann. Bot. VIII. 313 Nuclear divisions with multipolar spindles. 1896E. B. Wilson Cell ii. 68 The abnormal forms of mitoses are arranged by Hausemann in two general groups, as follows: (1) asymmetrical mitoses,..and (2) multipolar mitoses. 1912E. A. Minchin Introd. Study Protozoa vii. 120 In cases where the division of the nucleus is of the karyokinetic type, repeated divisions of the centriole result in the formation of a complicated multipolar mitotic figure, leading to a multiple division of the nucleus. 1937M. J. D. White Chromosomes ii. 19 In many cells such as those of cancerous tissues and in Sea-Urchin eggs which have been fertilized several times as a result of polyspermy, multipolar spindles with a number of equatorial planes intersecting one another are found; there may be as many as 12 poles and 6 equatorial planes. 1950Hereditas XXXVI. 393 (heading) Multipolar spindles in human cancer cells.
d. Consisting of, or divided into, more than two (political or other) alliances, ententes, parties, etc.
1968Guardian 4 Dec. 4/6 The most profound challenge to American policy will be..to develop some concept of order in a world which is bipolar militarily but multipolar politically. 1969S. Henig in Henig & Pinder European Pol. Parties 502 The country-by-country chapters have indicated a threefold classification between bipolar, unipolar and multipolar party systems. In bipolar systems..government will be dominated either by the two parties singly..or by both together in a ‘big coalition’. In a unipolar system..the norm is for one party to be easily the largest legislative group... In multipolar systems, neither one nor two parties are dominant even to the extent of always emerging the strongest from succeeding elections. 1975Times 7 Apr. 14/2 Kissinger['s]..concept of a multipolar world, where major powers could compete and cooperate simultaneously. |