| 释义 |
multiplier|ˈmʌltɪplaɪə(r)|
[f. multiply v. + -er1. Cf. F. multiplieur (16th c.).]
1. a. One who or a thing which multiplies or causes something to increase.
1470–85Malory Arthur xiv. viii. 652 That same man is an enchaunter and a multyplyer of wordes. 1477Caxton Dictes 11 b, Loue..thoo that be the grete multiplyers, that is to saye, the commones that labour the erth. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. V, 43 b, Money the multiplier of iniquitie. 1667Causes Decay Chr. Piety v. 81 Broils and quarrels, which are alone the great accumulators and multipliers of injuries. 1694Motteux Rabelais iv. xlvi. 180 Multiplyers of Law-suits. 1835J. Hodgson Hist. Northumb. III. iii. p. iv, Doubt and uncertainty are great multipliers of words. 1870Spencer Princ. Psychol. I. 35 At the surface of the body, where the extremities of nerve-fibres are so placed as to be most easily disturbed, we..find..multipliers of disturbances.
b. A (great) breeder. ? Obs. rare.
1661J. Childrey Brit. Baconica 19 The Pilchard is a little fish, and a great multiplier.
2. a. Math. The quantity by which another (the multiplicand) is multiplied.
1542Recorde Gr. Artes F vii b, The multiplier or multiplicatour, that is to say, the numbre by which multiplication is made. 1674S. Jeake Arith. (1696) 23 Then take the second figure of the Multiplier, and proceed..as before. 1706W. Jones Syn. Palmar. Matheseos 17 Both Multiplicand and Multiplier are call'd Factors. 1798Hutton Course Math. (1806) I. 13 We shall multiply all the parts of the multiplicand by all the parts of the multiplier. 1854Orr's Circ. Sci., Math. 163 A figure, or number, prefixed to a letter, as a multiplier, is called the coefficient of that letter.
b. Econ. (See quot. 1964.)
1936J. M. Keynes Gen. Theory Employment x. 113 A definite ratio, to be called the Multiplier, can be established between income and investment and..between the total employment and the employment directly employed on investment. 1940G. Crowther Outl. Money v. 157 In the upward process, the change in the National Income necessary to restore balance and reverse the trend [downwards] may be very many times larger than the original discrepancy... Thus a small original change results in a large ultimate change in the National Income. The ratio between them is usually known as the ‘multiplier’. 1963Economist 9 Feb. 481/2 A direct injection of {pstlg}500 million of new Government spending can sometimes increase total national spending by {pstlg}1,000 million (i.e. a multiplier of two). 1964Gould & Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 449/1 Multiplier... The term denotes the process (or the index, or coefficient, measuring such a process) whereby initial changes within economic systems (e.g. changes in the levels of investment) have cumulative and, in principle, measurable effects upon the system, its components and its equilibrium.
c. multiplier effect, an effect such as could be assessed in terms of the economic multiplier.
1957R. K. Merton Student-Physician 14 Such an experimental institution for medical education would have multiplier-effects. 1963Economist 16 Feb. 619/1 The multiplier effect..of an injection of purchasing power into personal incomes..is unlikely to exceed unity and may be as low as 0·7. 1964T. W. McRae Impact of Computers on Accounting vii. 211 Such improvement will have a ‘multiplier effect’. 1965Listener 16 Sept. 405/2 What we can do is to concentrate our help where it will have the highest multiplier effect.
†3. One who performs the alchemical process of multiplication; hence, a false coiner. Obs.
c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 681 False vsurers, Multyplyers, coyn wasshers & clyppers. 1477Norton Ord. Alch. in Ashm. (1652) 17 The Multiplier doth him beguile With his faire promise. c1515Cocke Lorell's B. 8 Golde smythes, and grote clypper, Multyplyers, and clothe thyckers. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 119 Farre exceadinge all the Alcumisticall multipliers that ever were.
4. a. Electr. and Magn. An instrument used for multiplying or increasing by repetition the intensity of a force, current, etc. so as to make it appreciable or mensurable. Cf. thermo-multiplier.
1795T. Cavallo Compl. Treat. Electr. (ed. 3) III. 98 With this machine, which..we shall call the Multiplier of Electricity, the accumulation of the communicated power does not advance..so quick as with the doubler. Ibid. 106, I shall now describe a few experiments made with this multiplier. 1823Ann. Philos. June 436 M. Schweigger's electromagnetic Multiplier. 1858Noad Man. Electr. i. 66 Of the various instruments that have been termed ‘multipliers’ and ‘doublers’ we shall only describe the multiplier of Cavallo. 1877Rosenthal Phys. Muscles & Nerves 150 The nerve..exhibits a difference which the multiplier is incapable of indicating. 1938J. B. Hoag Electron & Nucl. Physics vi. 127 In another form of multiplier tube, electrons are oscillated back and forth between two surfaces which are good secondary emitters... At each impact of the electrons with the cathode surfaces, the number of electrons is appreciably multiplied. 1940, etc. [see electron multiplier s.v. electron2 2 b]. 1950K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. (ed. 4) xiii. 558 The multiplier phototube has a number of advantages compared with a phototube and separate amplifier. 1973McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 333/1 Because fewer gain stages with higher interstage voltages are needed, the speed of the multipliers has been improved, greatly increasing their usefulness for applications such as laser optical communications.
b. = multiplicator 2 b.
In recent Dicts.
5. Angling. A multiplying-reel (see multiplying ppl. a. b, quot. 1856).
1867F. Francis Angling i. (1880) 15 The best reels..are the plain reels... Do not have a multiplier, even at a gift. 1875‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Rural Sports i. v. iv. §3. 349 Though the multiplier is very pretty in theory, yet it is constantly failing in practice. 1897Outing XXX. 262/1 On my reel, finest and most powerful of multipliers, I carried a thousand feet of line.
6. An arithmometer for performing calculations in multiplication.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1969J. J. Sparkes Transistor Switching viii. 200 In the accumulator of this multiplier it is convenient to use flip-flops..which have two separate logic and pulse inputs per flip-flop. Ibid. 201 The multiplier circuit operates as follows. 1972Daily Tel. 5 Apr. 10 (Advt.), The world's fastest and smoothest mechanical multiplier. Operates at 360 rpm, lists 10 columns and totals 11. |