| 释义 |
mulberry, n. (and a.)|ˈmʌlbərɪ|
Forms: α. 4 molberi, moolbery, 4–7 mulberie, -y, 5–6 molbery(e, 6 moulberie, 7 mulburie, 6– mulberry. β. 3 murberie, 5–6 morbery, -berie, 6 more berry.
[In 14th c. mulberie, prob. ad. MHG. mûlbere (mod.G. maulbeere):—OHG. mûlberi, an altered form (cf. mûlboum mulberry tree) of mûr-beri, môr-beri (= Du. moerbezie), f. L. mōr-um mulberry (see more n.2) + beri berry n.
The β forms prob. never had any real currency. In quot. c 1265 mur- is a. OF. mure (mod.F. mûre, altered form of moure:—L. mōra pl.); Caxton's morberies is after Du. moerbezie; and the 16th c. instances are prob. pedantic corrections of mulbery after the Latin.]
1. a. The fruit of any tree of the genus Morus, esp. the Black Mulberry, M. nigra.
The ‘berry’, of roundish oval shape, is an aggregate of a multitude of true fruits covered by succulent calyces.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. i. (Tollem. MS.), In some tren and herbes frute ripeþ sone, as mulberies [1535 moulberyes]. c1407Lydg. Reson & Sens. 3954 The Molberye. 1535Coverdale Amos vii. 14 Now as I was breakynge downe molberies. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 58 The iuice of the rype mulberries is a good mouth medicine. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 1103 Some other in their bils Would bring him mulberries & ripe-red cherries. 1718Quincy Compl. Disp. 100 Mulberries are grateful, cooling, and astringent. 1850J. Bell's Syst. Geog. IV. 314 The white mulberry [Morus alba] forms the wealth of the country of the Druses. 1907Daily News 5 Sept. 4 In a good season ripe mulberries may be plucked within fifty yards of Fleet-street.
βc1265Gloss. Plant-n. in Wr.-Wülcker 557/31 Celsi, murer, murberien. c1483Caxton Dialogues 13 Cheryes, sloes, Morberies, strawberies. c1532[see mulberry-tree in 5]. 1548Turner Names Herbes (E.D.S.) 9 A litle blacke bery lyke a blacke morbery.
b. = mulberry-tree.
1382Wyclif 2 Chron. i. 15 The kyng ȝaue in to Jerusalem..cedres as long mulberies [Vulg. cedros quasi sycomoros]. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 92 Whensoeuer you see the Mulberie begin to spring, you may bee sure that winter is at an ende. 1617Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 3) 588 Vines, which they plant at the foot of the Mulberrie, the same Tree seeming to beare two Fruits. 1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxviii. (1794) 436 Black Mulberry has rugged, heart-shaped leaves. 1819Warden United States I. 185 Red mulberry, Morus rubra. 1882Garden 23 Dec. 545/2 The common Mulberry is a native of Italy, but has been grown in this country for more than 300 years.
2. Applied to plants or trees of other genera; in Eng. dialects often to the Blackberry, Rubus fruticosus; in the U.S. to various other species of Rubus, otherwise called Raspberry. Also cloth-mulberry, paper-mulberry.
1672J. Josselyn New Eng. Rarities 93 Raspberry, here called Mulberry. 1848Rural Cycl. II. 313/1 Flax-dodder—botanically Cuscuta Epilinum..is popularly known in Somersetshire as ‘the mulberry’. 1866Treas. Bot., Mulberry, Australian, Hedycarya Pseudo-Morus. —, Indian, Morinda citrifolia. —, New Zealand, Entelea arborescens. 1880Britten & Holland Eng. Plant-n. 346 Mulberry..(2) Rubus fruticosus L.—Norf... (4) Pyrus Aria. L.—Aberdeensh. 1897–8Britton & Brown Amer. Flora, Mulberry. a. Rubus odoratus (Purple-flowering raspberry). b. Rubus strigosus (Wild red raspberry). c. Rubus Americanus (Dwarf raspberry). Ibid., Bermuda or French mulberry, Callicarpa Americana.
3. The colour of a mulberry. Also as adj. = mulberry-coloured.
1837Dickens Pickw. xxv, If ever there was a wolf in a mulberry suit, that ere Job Trotter's him. 1882Garden 21 Oct. 354/3 Among other seedlings the following struck us as being remarkably fine..Darkness, deep mulberry. 1951M. Kennedy Lucy Carmichael i. i. 10, I impressed her with my mulberry house-coat. 1971Vogue 15 Oct. 41 Pullover..in Antwerp Brown, French Navy and Mulberry. 1974R. Harris Double Snare xii. 83 Sir Jonathan wore a white doublet, and mulberry trunk hose. Ibid. xxviii. 226 The colours; dog-rose pink, green, and mulberry.
4. In full, Mulberry harbour. The code name of the prefabricated harbour used in the invasion of the Continent by British and American forces in 1944; also applied to any artificial harbour. Also attrib.
1945N. & Q. 15 Dec. 263/2 The word ‘Mulberry’ was selected as the secret name for the artificial harbour..from its being that which happened to come next in rotation on the Admiralty's List of Ships' Names then available for use. 1946J. E. Taylor Last Passage i. 19 Mulberry is the name given to an artificial harbour erected primarily for the landing of stores off the enemy beaches. 1958Listener 5 June 930/2 Further north—in the island of Schouwen-Duiveland—I saw where it had been necessary to float great mulberry harbour caissons in and sink them in the gaps. Ibid. 21 Aug. 258/2 The famous Mulberry Project, the creation of vast artificial seaports on the open coast of Normandy. 1965R. B. Oram Cargo Handling viii. 152 Movable quays of the war time Mulberry pattern. 1972Daily Tel. 11 May 9/3 Vice-Adml Hughes-Hallett told me he..frankly considered the ‘embellishments’ of the Mulberries quite superfluous.
5. attrib. and Comb.: mulberry-colour, mulberry-leaf, mulberry-tree, mulberry wine; mulberry-coloured, mulberry-faced, mulberry-leaved, mulberry-like, mulberry-nosed, mulberry-red adjs.; mulberry-bird, (a) Austral., the southern figbird, Sphecotheres vieilloti; (b) ‘the rose-coloured pastor, Pastor roseus’ (Funk's Stand. Dict. 1895); mulberry blite (see quot. 1856); mulberry body = morula 2 (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1891); mulberry bush, a children's game, with a marching ditty ‘Here we go round the mulberry-bush’; mulberry calculus Path. (see quot. 1872); mulberry eyelid = Trachoma (Syd. Soc. Lex.); mulberry germ, mass = morula 2; mulberry molar Med., a first molar with a small crown that is nodular and pitted, somewhat like a mulberry, as a result of congenital syphilis; mulberry rash, a name given by Sir W. Jenner to the rash of typhus fever; mulberry shell, a species of Dolium (Chambers Cycl. Supp. 1753).
1891A. J. North in Rec. Austral. Museum I. 113 It [sc. the Southern Sphecotheres] is fairly common on the Tweed River, where it is locally known as the ‘*Mulberry-bird’, from the decided preference it evinces for that species of fruit. 1966N. W. Cayley What Bird is That? (ed. 4) 21 Southern Figbird... Also called Mulberry-bird and Banana-bird... Flocks may be seen feeding in native fruit- and berry-bearing trees, and sometimes in orchards, where they eat mulberries, figs, and other soft fruits.
1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 319 *Mulberry Blite, Blitum. 1856Mayne Expos. Lex., Mulberry Blight, Bot. Common name for the Chenopodio-morus, or Blitum capitatum of Linn.
1897Flo. Marryat Blood Vampire iii, [They] take hands and dance round in a ring as if they were playing at ‘*Mulberry Bush’.
1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 391 *Mulberry calculus, or oxalate of lime. 1856R. Druitt Surgeon's Vade Mecum 572 The Mulberry Calculus is composed of oxalate of lime. It is dark red, rough, and tuberculated.
1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 402 A deep reddish-brown or *mulberry colour.
1776–96Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 415 *Mulberry coloured. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 677/1 The eruption which..consists of dark red (mulberry coloured) spots or blotches varying in size.
1812Sporting Mag. XL. 23 A *mulberry-faced, bumper-loving blade. 1868Tennyson Lucretius 54 The mulberry-faced Dictator's orgies.
1879tr. Haeckel's Evol. Man I. 189 We call this mass the *mulberry-germ (morula).
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Silk, In this state it feeds on *mulberry-leaves.
1891Syd. Soc. Lex., *Mulberry-leaved booby bark, the bark of Cinchona purpurea.
1883E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 662/2 At the same time a space—the cleavage cavity or blastocœl—forms in the centre of the *mulberry-like mass.
1851Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 473 A large part of its structure having undergone but little change from the state of the ‘*mulberry mass’.
1923Arch. Dermatol. & Syphilol. VIII. 794 There is a definite shoulder formation, and the cusps occupy a smaller area..and..are smaller than normal... The grouping or arrangement of these small cusps have suggested the term ‘*mulberry’ molar. 1941K. H. Thoma Oral Path. v. 242 The mulberry molar is covered on the sides with normal, smooth enamel, but the occlusal surface is pinched together, dwarfed, rough, and hypoplastic, often pigmented. Ibid., Often a supernumerary nodule or pseudo⁓cusp appears which clinicians emphasize as an important feature of the mulberry molar. 1961R. D. Baker Essent. Path. ix. 199 Stigmata of congenital syphilis may be found in those who survive. These defects are Hutchinson's teeth, mulberry molars, saddle nose, deafness and keratitis.
1924R. Graves Mock Beggar Hall 6 A dissolute *Mulberry-nosed philosopher.
1833–55Dunglison Med. Lex., *Mulberry Rash.
1927*Mulberry red [see ash n.2 1 d]. 1945W. de la Mare Scarecrow 35 His large mulberry-red face and eyes like bits of agate.
a1300E.E. Psalter lxxvii. 52 [lxxviii. 47] And þar wine-yherdes in haile he slogh, And þar *molberi-tres in froste inogh. 1480Caxton Ovid's Met. x. iv. (Roxb. Club), Morbery trees, Okes, Planes [etc.]. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 914 More bery tre, mourier. 1886Ruskin Præterita I. 335 Sitting under the mulberry tree in the back garden.
1723J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. sig. T4 To make *mulberry wine. Gather your Mulberries when they are thorough ripe, pick off the Stalks, and press out the Juice. 1971Country Life 23 Dec. 1777/3 There was an abundance of wine, particularly claret, mulberry wine and mead at a peacock feast. |