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▪ I. mound, n.1|maʊnd| Also 3–6 mounde, 7–8 mond(e, 7, 9 mund. [a. F. monde (It. mondo, Sp., Pg. mundo):—L. mundus the world (see mundane): cf. mappemonde.] †1. The world; the earth as man's abode. Obs.
a1290in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 221/2 Þe wounde þat god for al þe mounde On rode heuede I-sprad. 13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1928 Hold the to thine husbounde,..thou schalt haue al the mounde. c1320R. Brunne Medit. 942 For synneles y bare þe yn to þys mounde. 2. An orb or ball of gold or other precious material, intended to represent the globe of the earth; often surmounting a crown, or otherwise forming part of the insignia of royalty. Also Her. a figure of this, as a bearing; often used as including the cross which commonly surmounts the ‘mound’ properly so called.
1562Leigh Armorie 63 He beareth Azure, a Mounde Argent, enuironed and a crosse botone Or. 1586J. Ferne Blaz. Gentrie i. 144 Other insignes..as, a Mond, or ball of gold, with the crosse vpon it. 1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, She wilde them to present this Christall Mound, a note of Monarchy, and Symbole of Perfection, to thy more worthy Deity. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 310 On the top stands a golden Mund, and on that a Cressant. Ibid. 361 They set the Image of Pachacamac with a Monde under his Feet. 1754A. Drummond Trav. i. 8 Jesus Christ is represented..with..a gold crown much larger than the head, and a monde in his hand. 1793Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) VIII. 462/2 From the middle of this cap rises an arched fillet..surmounted of a mound, whereon is a cross. 1849Rock Ch. of Fathers I. iii. 258 Another angel, nimbed, supporting in his muffled hand a mund or ball. 1872[see orb 11]. 1882Cussans Her. (ed. 3) 178 The Ball on the top [of the crown] which supports the Cross is termed a Mound. ▪ II. † mound, n.2 poet. Obs. Also 3 mund, mond. [Of obscure origin: perh. due to misapprehension of some poetic use of mund hand, guardianship.] Power, strength; value, importance, dignity. Very common in Arthur and Merlin.
a1300St. Gregory 747 in Archiv Stud. neu. Spr. LVII. 67 Gregori was knyȝt of muche mond [v.r. michel of mounde] ac he was wonderliche pore. c1325Song of Passion 12 in O.E. Misc. 197 Þat child þat is so milde and wlong, and eke of grete munde [rimes ibunde, wunde]. 13..K. Alis. 2207 Gef ye lustneth me to, Ye schole here geste of mounde. Ibid. 2655 To hyghe stretis, Al so noble of riche mounde, So is Chepe in this londe [MS. Laud þat is in londe (= London)]. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 3 Michel he couþe of hauk & hounde Of estriche faucouns of gret mounde. a1330Roland & V. 853 Mahoun & Iubiter..þat beþ so michel of mounde. c1330Arth. & Merl. (Kölb.) 3091 A swiþe miȝti man of mounde & kniȝt of þe tabel rounde. Ibid. 3354 Doun fel Yder, bi godes mounde. a1400Launfal 597 A knyght of mochel mounde. ¶ In the following quot. it is doubtful whether mounde is this word in the concrete sense ‘force’, or whether, as the Fr. phrase in the context suggests, it is the F. monde (mound n.1) in the sense ‘number of people’.
c1305Pol. Songs (Camden) 189 He wende toward Bruges pas pur pas, with swithe gret mounde. ▪ III. mound, n.3|maʊnd| Also 6 mownde, 7 mounde. [Of obscure origin; the related mound v. occurs earlier in our quots., and may possibly be the source of the n. The n. has commonly been supposed to represent the OE. mund (cf. mound n.2); but that word means not ‘defence’, but ‘guardianship, tutelage’ (of persons). The OE. mundbeorᵹ as (rendering L. montes in Ps. cxxiv. 3), which has been appealed to to show that mund might have the sense of material defence or protection, is prob. a mistake for a tautological *muntbeorᵹas. Sense 2 appears to have arisen from the modification of the original sense ‘fence’ by association with mount n.1; the same influence afterwards produced the now prevailing sense ‘tumulus’, which first occurs in the 18th c.] 1. a. A hedge or other fence bounding a field or garden. Now only dial. Now current only in Oxfordshire and the counties near its border. The early examples of the n. and the related verb are all from writers belonging to these localities.
1551Crowley Pleas. & Payne 110 Your greedye gutte could neuer stynt, Tyll all the good and fruitfull grounde Were hedged in whythin your mownde. 1563Stanford Churchw. Acc. in Antiquary Apr. (1888) 169 For mendyng a paue [read pane] of the churche mownde ijd. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Sepes, an hedge, a mownde. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vii. 56 This great gardin, compast with a mound. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. x. 83 Nor Cold shall hinder me, with Horns and Hounds, To thrid the Thickets, or to leap the Mounds. 1724MS. Indenture, Estate at Mappleton, co. Derby, Together with all mounds, fences, hades, hadlands. 1726― Estate at Syersham, co. Northampt., With all mounds, hedgerows, freeboards, &c. 1789W. Marshall Glouc. I. 330 Mounds, field fences of every kind. 1893Wiltshire Gloss., Mound,..A hedge. †b. fig. A boundary. Obs.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. vi. 939 New Stars, whose whirling courses..Mark the true mounds of Years, and Months, and Daies. 1660Jer. Taylor Duct. Dubit. ii. ii. Rule ii. (1676) 214 Which precept was the mounds of cruelty, God so restraining them from cruelty even to beasts. a1716South Serm. (1823) V. 184 All those mounds and hinderances that God hath laid between them and the gratification of their vice. 1742Young Nt. Th. iv. 94, I see the circling hunt, of noisy men, Burst law's inclosure, leap the mounds of right. 2. Mil. = mount n.1 2 a. Hence gen. an embankment, a dam. Also fig. Now rare.
1558J. Highfield in Ld. Hardwicke St. Papers (1778) I. 116 The enemy..consumed some of the gunners, which stood very open for lack of mounds and good fortification. [Cf. supra 115 Thereupon there were two mounts repaired for the better defence.] 1615Crooke Body of Man (1631) 62 As a Mound of Earth within a Citie, serues to make vp the breaches of the Wall, so [etc.]. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 329 Mounds, Banks or Bounds. 1701Norris Ideal World i. ii. 59 Geometry..in all ages has stood an invincible mound and bank against the overflowing tides of scepticism. 1718Rowe tr. Lucan i. 193 But if the mound gives way, strait roaring loud In at the breach the rushing torrents croud. 1728Thomson Spring 839 The circly Mound That runs around the Hill; the Rampart once Of Iron War. 1755Johnson, Mound, anything raised to fortify or defend; usually a bank of earth and stone. 1796Burke Let. Noble Ld. Wks. VIII. 49 The mounds and dykes of the low fat Bedford level. 1808Scott Marm. v. xxxiii, The fourth [side] did battled walls enclose, And double mound and fosse. 1832Longfellow Coplas de Manrique xlvii, Bastion, and moated wall, and mound. 3. a. An artificial elevation of earth or stones, a tumulus; esp. the earth heaped up upon a grave.
1726Pope Odyss. xxiv. 102 Now all the sons of warlike Greece surround Thy destin'd tomb, and cast a mighty mound. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 8 He..scarce could pass A church-yard's dreary mounds at silent night, But..ghosts 'hind grave-stones stood. 1830M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 301 Crabs [grow] on any mound or bank that may be raised on a heath. 1844N. Paterson Manse Garden ii. (1860) 130 The intervening mounds will serve for earthing up..the leeks. 1871Palgrave Lyr. Poems 18 To the small churchyard and the mound of green She look'd. transf.1863M. E. Braddon Eleanor's Vict. i, Small mounds or barrows of luggage. 1886Manch. Exam. 8 Jan. 6/1 Brushing the snow and slush into little mounds. b. A natural elevation of inconsiderable size, resembling a heap or pile of earth; a hillock, ‘mount’.
1810Scott Lady of L. i. xiii, The shaggy mounds no longer stood, Emerging from entangled wood. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 161 The mound which..received the name of Rougemont, overlooked the city. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 190 The volcanic beds which make up the mass of the mound. transf.1839J. Sterling Poems 193 Finer and finer the watery mound Softens and melts to a thin-spun veil. c. In Baseball, ‘the slightly elevated ground from which the pitcher pitches’ (D.A.).
1914Collier's 7 Feb. 7/2 There's a pitcher who never has to be urged to go to the mound. 1957[see bull-pen 1 b]. 1974Evening Herald (Rock Hill, S. Carolina) 18 Apr. 6/3 Mussman went the entire nine inning stint on the mound for Rock Hill and was credited with the win. 4. spec. a. A pile of fuel specially constructed for the ‘roasting’ of metallic ores. b. The heap of earth, dead leaves and other refuse in which certain megapodes (‘mound-builders’) place their eggs. c. Archæol. An elevation produced upon a land surface by the natural burial of a ruined or abandoned city. d. (See quot. 1875). e. A kind of earthwork formerly constructed by the natives of parts of North America. f. = kitchen-midden.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 820 The roasting [of metallic ore] in mounds, as practised near Goslar. Ibid. 996 A simple coking meiler or mound. 1847Squier & Davis Monum. Mississ. Valley (1848) 140 The mounds are for the most part composed of earth, though stone mounds are by no means rare. Ibid. 143 Altar or sacrificial mounds. Ibid. 161 Mounds of sepulture. Ibid. 172 Earthworks—Temple mounds. 1855W. S. Dallas in Syst. Nat. Hist. II. 219 Each of these mounds is produced by the united efforts of several pairs of birds. 1861Bateman 19 Years' Diggings 271 Remains of two individuals from the destroyed Mound at Crake Low. 1862Rawlinson Anc. Mon. I. i. 247 Mounds, probably Assyrian, are known to exist along the course of the Khabour's great western affluent. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Mound (Civil Engineering), a lump of original ground left at intervals to show the depth of ground excavated. 1883L. Carr Mounds Mississ. Valley 3 Not only has there not, as yet, been anything taken from the mounds indicating a higher stage of development than the red Indian..is known to have reached, but [etc.]. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 666/1 The ‘mound-builder’..buries its large eggs..under great mounds of earth and dead leaves. 5. attrib. and Comb., as mound-like, mound-making, mound-raising adjs.; mound ant Austral. = meat-ant (meat n. 6); mound-bird = mound-builder 2; mound-burial Archæol., the practice of burying beneath a mound or cairn; Mound City U.S., a name for St. Louis, Missouri; mound-dweller, a primitive man who dwelt in a rudely erected mound; mound-dwelling, a mound erected as a dwelling by primitive man; mound-kiln, a lime-kiln in the form of a mound; mound-maker = mound-builder 1 (Cent. Dict. 1890); mound-man = mound-dweller; Mound of Venus = Mons Veneris (s.v. mons a, b); mound region, a region in which there are many mounds; mound-work, an ornamental bank of stone and earth.
1907*Mound Ant [see meat-ant s.v. meat n. 6]. 1926Austral. Encycl. I. 68/2 Amongst the objectionable species the Mound Ant (Iridomyrmex detectus) is prominent; its huge nests are particularly destructive to garden paths. 1935K. C. McKeown Insect Wonders Austral. 5 The Mound Ants form their great gravel nests in the grassy plains, scouring in search of food..to the dead body of some horse or sheep which has perished in time of drought, the marauders issuing from holes in the carcass in long streams, each ant bearing a fragment of flesh in its jaw.
1855W. S. Dallas in Syst. Nat. Hist. II. 219 The Megapodinæ, or *Mound birds. 1896Spencer Through Larapinta Land 83 We passed a mound-bird's nest.
1865Lubbock Preh. Times 86 ‘*Mound-burial’ was prevalent in the earliest times of which we have any historical record.
1855Mayne Reid Hunters' Feast i. 5 On the western bank of the Mississippi..stands the large town of St. Louis, poetically known as the ‘*Mound City’. 1860Bartlett Dict. Amer. (ed. 3) 282 Mound-City, the city of St. Louis, so-called from the number of artificial mounds that occupied the site on which the city is built.
1899Spence Shetland Folk-Lore 55 The *mound-dwellers, or Pechts, became associated in the public mind with the brochs.
1897Antiquary May 135 An Aberdeenshire *mound-dwelling.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 869 In England the stones [for hydraulic mortar] are calcined in shaft-kilns, or sometimes in *mound-kilns.
1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxviii. 355 The large *mound-like indurations are best treated by poultices.
1876Beneden's Anim. Parasites 8 The *mound-making Megapode.
1899Munro Preh. Scot. iii. 82 The *mound-men had feasted probably during ‘hard times’ on their own species.
1865R. Beamish Psychonomy Hand 35 The *mound of Venus, devoid of lines, is the index of chastity, coldness, tranquility in love. 1963C. R. Mueller tr. Büchner's Danton's Death i. v, in Compl. Plays & Prose 20 A woman's thighs will be your guillotine, and her mound of Venus your Tarpeian rock.
1848Gould Birds Austral. V. pl. 79 Megapodius tumulus, Gould. *Mound-raising Megapode.
1873J. H. Beadle Undevel. West i. 38 This is the centre of the ‘*Mound Region’ of Wisconsin—so called from the many Indian mounds scattered about the valley.
1705Addison Italy 42 The State of Milan is like a vast Garden, surrounded by a Noble *Mound-Work of Rocks and Mountains. ▪ IV. mound, v.|maʊnd| [See mound n.3] 1. trans. To enclose or bound with a fence. Also absol. or intr., to make fences. Obs. exc. dial.
1515in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 12 Ye same ground [they] have mounded and inclosed. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Aruum, Ab aruis arua reuellere, to mounde one from an other. 1589― Admon. 249 The Lorde hath chosen this lande, as his..vineyard, he hath mounded it with his gratious fauour and diuine protection. 1608Dod & Cleaver Expos. Prov. xi–xii. 57 Their pastures are mounded, banked, and trenched. 1731–3Tull Horse-Hoeing Husb. xviii. 258 To mound over the Hill would require double the Rails, or double the Hedge-wood..as to mound the Base. 1759in Q. Jrnl. Economics (1907) Nov. 79 It is order'd by the Jury that the gaps in Ayls hedge be mounded by the Owners on or before Lady day next. 1789Coniston Incl. Act 9 The allotments..shall be respectively mounded round. transf. and fig.1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. vii. 539 Honor is like Cinnamon, Which Nature mounds with many a million Of thorny pricks. 1652W. Hartley Inf. Bapt. Ded. 1 Your discourse was so well mounded with exceptions, as not a sheep-gap open for argument to try your doctrine. 2. To enclose, bound, or fortify with an embankment.
1600Holland Livy 1350 Whereas before it was mounded about with rubbish,..Tarquin..was the first that enclosed it with a wall. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. vii. 95 For, from the rising banks, that stronglie mound them in The Valley (as betwixt) her name did first begin. 1755Johnson, To Mound,..to fortify with a mound. 1800Coleridge Wallenstein ii. viii. 54 At once Revolt is mounded, and the high-swoln current Shrinks back into the old bed of obedience. 1807J. Barlow Columb. i. 433 Columbus traced, with swift exploring eye,..The realms that mound the unmeasured magazine. 1830Tennyson Ode to Memory 98 A sand-built ridge Of heaped hills that mound the sea. 3. To heap up in a mound or hillock.
1859G. Meredith R. Feverel ii, Banks of moveless cloud hung about the horizon, mounded to the west, where slept the wind. 1874Symonds Sk. Italy & Greece (1898) I. i. 22 Snow lies mounded on the roads and fields. 1905L. Binyon in Academy 7 Oct. 1029/2 As we rounded Old hills greenly mounded. 4. intr. (Path.) See mounding vbl. n. 2. ▪ V. † mound, a. Obs. rare—1. [ad. F. monde pure, ad. L. mundus clean.] Pure.
c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xxxvi. 42 Creat wtin me and infound Ane hart immaculat and mound. |