| 释义 |
▪ I. repose, n.|rɪˈpəʊz|
Also 6 reposse.
[a. F. repos (11th c.; OF. also repaus = Prov. repaus, Sp. reposo, Pg. repouso, It. riposo), vbl. n. f. reposer: see repose v.2]
1. a. Temporary rest or cessation from activity, in order to refresh or restore the physical or mental powers; esp. the rest given by sleep.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxii. (Percy Soc.) 160, I toke my leve,..And thanked Correccyon,..Of my repose and of her lovynge chere. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. iv. 6 So forth she rode, without repose or rest, Searching all lands. 1610Shakes. Temp. ii. i. 310 Whiles we stood here securing your repose,..we heard a hollow burst of bellowing. 1635–56Cowley Davideis ii. 3 Up rose the Sun and Saul; Both, as men thought, rose fresh from sweet repose. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 275 They give their Bodies due Repose at Night. 1738Gray Propertius ii. 3 Fast by th' umbrageous vale lull'd to repose. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 138 The extreme activity of his mind, when awake, in some measure called for an adequate alternation of repose. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxii. 154 Allowing each limb an instant of repose as I drew it out of the snow.
transf.1862Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. i. 3 A splendid aloe which, after a repose of many years, was again loaded with flowers.
b. In phrases to († make) seek or take repose.
1594Marlowe & Nashe Dido i. i, Whose weary limbs shall shortly make repose In those fair walls. 1602Marston Ant. & Mel. i. Wks. 1856 I. 17 My fathers palace..will be proud To entertaine your presence, if youle daine To make repose within. 1671Milton Samson 406 At times when men seek most repose and rest, I yielded. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 634 Unweildily they..in the shady Covert seek Repose. 1784Cowper Task iv. 296 'Tis thus the understanding takes repose In indolent vacuity of thought. 1830Tennyson A Spirit Haunts 14 As a sick man's room when he taketh repose An hour before death.
c. Eccl. Death, decease (of a saint). Also altar of repose (see quot. 1884).
1869H. F. Tozer Highl. Turkey I. 59 The festival of the Repose of the Virgin. 1884Catholic Dict. (1897) 445/2 The place to which the Blessed Sacrament is removed—often called the Sepulchre, but properly the altar of repose.
2. Relief or respite from exertion, toil, trouble, or excitement. Also const. from, † of.
1529Wolsey in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. II. 6 Nowe set to your hande that I may come to a laudable ende and reposse. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. v. 34 b, [His] repose of his trauailes sustayned on the Seas. 1667Milton P.L. v. 28 O Sole in whom my thoughts find all repose. 1692Dryden Eleonora 243 As swelling seas to gentle rivers glide, To seek repose, and empty out the tide. 1784Cowper Task i. 5, I..Now seek repose upon an humbler theme. 1821Byron Two Foscari ii. i, The state had need of some repose. a1854H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. v. (1878) 171 There was repose from the agony of spiritual persecution. 1855Bain Senses & Int. ii. ii. §9 The eye is fatigued with the glare of sunshine, and is said to find repose in the verdure of the fields.
†3.
a. A place of rest. Obs.
1621R. Brathwait Nat. Embassie (1877) 139 Seuen fortunate reposes, Ilands, which Fortune fauors. 1628Feltham Resolves ii. [i.] xviii. 55 The rich lye stoued in secure reposes. 1671Milton P.R. iii. 210 Worst is my Port, My harbour and my ultimate repose.
†b. A halt or stay for rest. Obs. rare—1.
1638Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. II) 52 Wee were put in hope..that here you would make one of the reposes of your Voyage.
†c. Painting. (See quots.) Obs. rare.
The definitions given by Harris and Chambers are based on that of Furetière, Dict. Univ. (1690).
1695Dryden tr. Du Fresnoy's Art Paint. 161 After great Lights there must be great Shadows, which we call reposes: because..the Sight would be tired, if it were attracted by a Continuity of glittering objects. 1710J. Harris Lex. Techn. II, Repose, is a Term in Painting, signifying the Place where the Masses, or great Lights and Shadows are assembled: And this being well understood hinders the Confusion of Objects [etc.]. 1727–38Chambers Cycl., Repose, in painting, is applied to certain masses, or large systems or assemblages of light and shade [etc.].
†d. A thing to repose on; a couch or sofa. Obs.—1
1701Farquhar Sir H. Wildair iii. iii, There is a repose, I see, in the next room.
4. a. A state of quiet or peaceful inaction or of freedom from disturbing influences; † also, a means of securing this.
1651Hobbes Leviath. i. xi. 47 The Felicity of this life, consisteth not in the repose of a mind satisfied. 1712M. Henry Reform. Serm. Wks. 1853 II. 487/1 The restraint of the vicious will be the repose of the virtuous. 1769Junius Lett. xxxv. (1788) 179 You relinquish every hope of repose to yourself, and you endanger the establishment of your family for ever. 1811Pinkerton Petral. II. 25 The repose which the waters enjoyed in the inside of these reservoirs. 1871L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. iii. (1894) 83 A delicious lazy sense of calm repose was the appropriate frame of mind.
†b. Peace of mind. Obs. rare.
1712Steele Spect. No. 527 ⁋1 The Repose of a married Woman is consulted in the first of the following Letters, and the Felicity of a Maiden Lady in the second. 1718Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess of Mar 10 Mar., I assured her..it was absolutely necessary to confine them from public view, for the repose of mankind.
5. a. Quiet, calm or calmness, tranquillity.
1717Pope Eloïsa 166 Black Melancholy..round her throws A death-like silence, and a dead repose. 1738Gray Propertius ii. 49 The scenes that hurt the grave's repose. 1819Keats St. Agnes xxxvi, Like a throbbing star Seen 'mid the sapphire heaven's deep repose. 1846Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. iii. i. vii. §1 As opposed to passion..Repose is the especial and separating characteristic of the eternal mind and power. 1872Yeats Growth Comm. 48 Just as repose was the ruling principle in Egypt, so restlessness distinguished Greece.
b. Painting, etc. Harmonious arrangement of figures or colours, having a restful effect upon the eye.
1695Dryden tr. Du Fresnoy's Art. Paint. 23 That..Majesty, that soft silence and repose, which give beauty to the Piece. 1703Tate Her Majesty's Pict. Notes 22 The Sedateness, and, as Painters call it, the Repose of a Picture, contribute to the Grandeur and Solemnity of the Piece. 1778Sir J. Reynolds Disc. (1779) 5 The expression which is used very often on these occasions is, the piece wants repose. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. II. 328 Its faults are many;—an entire absence of beauty and of repose [etc.]. 1909Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 664/1 The workmen lost the large conception of their ancestors, the patterns [of carpets] lacked repose.
c. Composure, quiet, ease of manner.
1833Tennyson Lady Clara Vere de Vere 39 Her manners had not that repose Which stamps the caste of Vere de Vere. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Culture Wks. (1889) 531/2 Repose and cheerfulness are the badge of the gentlemen—repose in energy.
6. a. Absence of activity (in things); cessation of natural forces; quiescence.
1757Gray Bard 76 The sweeping whirlwind..hush'd in grim repose, expects his evening prey. 1813Bakewell Introd. Geol. (1815) 314 The long intervals of repose appear to characterize volcanoes highly elevated. 1833Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 6 We are also told..of the alternation of periods of repose and disorder, of the refrigeration of the globe [etc.]. 1887Ruskin Præterita II. 87 Vesuvius was virtually in repose.
b. Undisturbed or unagitated condition.
1855Bain Senses & Int. ii. ii. §4 Hence the natural repose of the eye makes the adjustment for a distant prospect. 1880L. B. Walford Troublesome Dau. II. xxi. 212 Though every feature was now in repose.
c. The fact of being left undisturbed.
1844G. Bird Urin. Deposits 261 A portion of butter-like fat may form part of the pellicle which forms on the urine by repose.
7. techn.
a. angle of repose: (see quots.).
1833Loudon Encycl. Arch. §805 Where the courses lie at an angle of about thirty-two degrees, or what is called the angle of repose for masonry. 1867Brande & Cox Dict. Sci., etc. III. 249/1 In Engineering, the term angle of repose is frequently applied to express the angle at which the various kinds of earth will permanently stand, when abandoned to themselves.
b. Horology. (See quots.)
1842Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) VI. 773/1 This contrivance is known by the name of the dead beat, the dead scapement, the scapement of repose; because the seconds index stands still after each drop. Ibid. 773/2 The pallet which is called the arch of excursion or arch of repose.
8. Trust, confidence. rare—1.
c1800R. Cumberland John De Lancaster (1809) III. 71 If therefore you could bring your mind to put that repose in my honour.
▪ II. repose, v.1|rɪˈpəʊz|
[ad. L. repos-, repōnĕre, on anal. of depose, dispose, suppose, etc.: cf. repone and reposit.]
†1. trans. To replace; to put back into the same place. Obs.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. ii. 334 Her shellis to disclose And write vpon the cornel, hool outake..and so repose [L. reponas]. 1544T. Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1560) U iv, If the gutte hath bene long out, and be so swollen that it cannot be reposed. 1564Haward Eutropius vi. 52 He delivered up his crowne into the handes of Pompeius; but Pompeius reposed it again upon his head. 1615Chapman Odyss. ix. 703 Nor think my hurt offends me, for my sire Can soon repose in it the visual fire. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 323 Procession ended, they repose the Idols within the same tree.
†b. To restore; also Sc. = repone v. 1. Obs. rare.
1552Hutchinson 2nd Serm. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 241 To repose us into his Father's favour again. 1567Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 526 The persoun of our..Prince [to be] reposit to full suirtie. 1643R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) II. 53 The causes of Mr. Gilbert Power's deposition by all were found null, and he ordained to be reposed. Ibid. 92 Mr. Andrew Logie..latelie had been reposed to his ministrie.
†c. To repress, put down. Obs. rare—1.
1652Howell Giraffi's Rev. Naples ii. (1663) 26 A multitude of common people gather'd together..armed with a full..purpose to repose the insolence and pride of the nobility.
2. To place or put; esp. to deposit or lay up in a place. Now rare.
1548Gest Pr. Masse L iij, Iudas reposed in Gods temple an ydoll ymage. 1559Mirr. Mag., R. Tresilian xx, Thynke ther is a treasure..Reposed for all suche as righteousnes ensue. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 7, I praye you heartily, to repose this in your memorie. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. To King §5 Libraries..are as the Shrynes, where all the Reliques of the ancient Saints..are preserued and reposed. a1656Ussher Ann. vi. (1658) 426 They reposed there the spoiles of Jerusalem. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth 29 These Shells were brought out upon the Earth, and reposed therein in the manner we now find them. 1715M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. 203 'Twas, as a choice Rarity, repos'd in the Library of the English Benedictines. a1797H. Walpole Mem. Geo. II (1847) III. vi. 133 The brass cannon and mortars..were reposed for some days in Hyde Park. 1827Scott Napoleon lxxv, The sword was..not to be sheathed or reposed.
†b. To station, establish. Obs. rare.
1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. i. xxxix. 92 As for y⊇ bishops they are reposed in cities, as is thought conuenient. 1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 18 Theare Iuno thee Princes her Empyre wholy reposed.
†c. To cast or throw on something. Obs.—1
1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 21 Thee southwynd..Three gallant vessels on rocks gnawne craggye reposed.
3. To set or place (confidence, trust, etc.) in a thing or person.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 98 b, Suche a one as he myght repose his whole truste and confidence in. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 240 That man hath the hope of Salvation reposed only in the mercies of God. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 106 Reposing no great assurance in the prowes of the effœminate ægyptians. 1607Rowlands Diogines Lanthorne 30 Repose not trust in others helpe. 1678Evelyn Diary 16 Oct., Mr. Godolphin requested me to continue the trust his wife had reposed in me. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. iii. xxvi. 110 The governor..charged me..not to repose any confidence in the peasants. a1781Watson Philip III (1793) I. ii. 190 That extraordinary confidence that was reposed in him. 1844Disraeli Coningsby vii. ii, Herein mainly should we repose our hopes. 1874Green Short Hist. iv. §5. 196 In the Baronage the nation reposed an unwavering trust.
b. To place or leave (something) in the control or management of another. † Also const. upon.
1589Nashe Pref. to Greene's Menaphon (Arb.) 6 This kinde of men that repose eternitie in the mouth of a player. 1666Dryden Pref. to Ann. Mirab. Wks. (Globe) 42, I repose upon your management what is dearest to me, my fame and reputation. a1681Wharton Soul of World Wks. (1683) 668 Therefore our Fate for the most part, and our Power are very much reposed in our Hands. 1884Chitty in Law Times Rep. L. 389/1 Parliament has reposed in [the Charity Commissioners] a power of authorising a sale.
†c. To regard as existing in something. Obs.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage v. xvi. (1614) 529 A certain booke,..wherein they reposed much holines, and worshipped it as a god. a1619M. Fotherby Atheom. i. vi. §2 They reposed great Religion in an oath, in respect of the Actor.
Hence † reˈposed ppl. a.1, restored. Obs.
1657Thornley tr. Longus' Daphnis & Chloe 208 They sacrificed to Jupiter Soter, the saviour of the reposed Child.
▪ III. repose, v.2|rɪˈpəʊz|
Also 6–7 Sc. repois(e.
[ad. F. reposer, OF. also repauser (10th c.) = Prov. repausar, Sp. reposar, Pg. repousar, It. riposare:—late L. repausāre (Quicherat): see re- and pause v.]
1. refl. To rest (oneself); to lay (oneself) to rest.
1470–85Malory Arthur x. ii. 416, I wylle repose me here by with a frend of myn. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. i. (Percy Soc.) 7 Besyde the ymage I adowne me sette, After my laboure my selfe to repose. a1553Udall Royster D. i. iv. (Arb.) 30 Now may I repose me: Custance is mine owne. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. i. i. 151 Romes readiest Champions, repose you heere in rest. a1648Ld. Herbert Hen. VIII (1683) 511 This year the Emperor glad to repose himself a while from War, attended his pleasure in Spain. a1700Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 34 John tenderly repos'd him on his Breast. 1713Derham Phys.-Theol. iv. xii. 221 The thick and warm Furrs..are..a soft Bed to repose themselves in. 1806J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life vi. xiii, Being mounted on a beast who..proceeds very coolly to repose himself in the middle of the pond.
b. fig. To settle (oneself) with confidence († in or) on something. ? Obs.
1580J. Haye in Cath. Tract. (S.T.S.) 67/32 Thou may bawldlie repoise thy selfe in the Romain kirk. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, iv. vi. 47 On thy fortune I repose my selfe. 1759Johnson Let. to Miss Porter 1 Mar. in Boswell Life, I can repose myself very confidently upon your prudence. 1770Langhorne Plutarch (1879) I. 202/2 Fabius having taught the people to repose themselves on acts of religion.
2. trans. To lay to rest or repose on or in something. In later use only fig.
1535Lyndesay Satyre 3577 Iesus..hes nocht ane penny braid Quhairon he may repois his heavinlie head. 1768Goldsm. Good-n. Man 11, I'll go to him, and repose our distresses on his friendly bosom. 1771E. Griffith Hist. Lady Barton I. 84 Nor would I..render her wretched, by reposing the distresses of my..mind, in her soft bosom.
b. In pa. pple.: Resting, reclining, lying.
1674Milton P.L. v. 636 On flours repos'd, and with fresh flourets crownd, They eate, they drink. 1727Gay Begg. Op. i. xiii, I could mock the sultry toil When on my charmer's breast repos'd. 1852M. Arnold Tristram & Iseult 1, The eyes [are] closed—The lashes on the cheeks reposed.
3. To give or afford rest to (one), to refresh by rest.
1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. lxix. 20 O Lord, unto my soule draw nigh, the same with ayde repose. 1581Savile Tacitus, Hist. iii. vii. (1591) 117 There some fewe daies were spent in reposing the army. 1596Danett tr. Comines vii. iii. 274 The peace was concluded..whereunto the King of the Romaines agreed, to the end he might repose his subiects. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena ii. 51 The time for reposing the Galley-slaves being expired. 1667Milton P.L. i. 319 Have ye chos'n this place After the toyl of Battel to repose Your wearied vertue..? 1732Pope Ep. Bathurst 260 Whose Seats the weary Traveller repose? 1794A. M. Bennett Ellen I. 22 He rose from the bed of down, which for neatness and comfort might repose a Prince. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. VI. xliv. 275 He..halted at Hillsborough to repose his wayworn soldiers.
†b. To lodge (one) for the night. Obs. rare—1.
1725T. Thomas in Portland Papers (Hist. MSS. Comm.) VI. 132 That apartment where the judges used to be reposed in when they came to this place.
4. intr. To take rest; to cease from exertion or travel; to enjoy freedom from disturbance.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 35 [They] desyred him for his pastime after his long trauayle to come and repose in his towne of Lysle. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. viii. 42 Because the wind was too fresh, we reposed vntil the break of day. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. vii. 383 Yet must we credit that his hand composed All in sixe Dayes, and that he then Reposed. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 25 At Tripoli we repos'd a full week. 1784Cowper Task iii. 28 'Twere wiser far For me..to repose Where chance may throw me. 1819Shelley Prometh. Unb. ii. i. 203 To the rents, and gulfs, and chasms, Where the earth reposed from spasms. 1851Tennyson To the Queen 26 God gave her peace; her land reposed.
fig.1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 38 The Justice Shallows were not allowed to repose upon their dignity.
b. To take rest by sitting or lying down; to lie down to rest; also transf. to rest in death.
1535Lyndesay Satyre 934, I will sit still heir and repois. 1610Shakes. Temp. iv. i. 162 If you be pleas'd, retire into my Cell, And there repose. a1620Sir W. Mure Misc. Poems. xv. 19 Happie nimph, quhoise spreit in peace repoises. 1634Milton Comus 999 Beds of Hyacinth and roses Where young Adonis oft reposes. 1734Pope Ess. Man iv. 387 When statesmen, heroes, kings, in dust repose. 1742Gray Spring 22 Still is the toiling hand of Care, The panting herds repose. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam iv. xxxiii, At night when I reposed, fair dreams did pass Before my pillow. 1819― Ode 11 The dust where your kindred repose. 1884J. Colborne Hicks Pasha 32 We started at 5 a.m., marched until noon, and reposed.
c. To remain still; to lie in quiet.
1817Shelley Rev. Islam vi. xxxiii, Her..eyes, Which, as twin phantoms of one star that lies O'er a dim well, move, though the star reposes. 1842Tennyson Locksley Hall 13 When the centuries behind me like a fruitful land reposed.
†5. To confide or place one's trust in, to rely on, a thing or person. Obs.
Perh. partly derived from sense 3 of repose v.1
1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 167 We are chosin to repois In faith of Christ. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iv. iii. 26, I doe desire thy worthy company, Vpon whose faith and honor I repose. 1629Maxwell tr. Herodian (1635) 430 There returned also the German auxiliaries, in whose loyaltie he most reposed. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 144 ⁋12 His hearers repose upon his candour and veracity. 1781Cowper Truth 455 The soul, reposing on assured relief, Feels herself happy amidst all her grief.
†b. To be sure of one. Obs. rare—1.
1569Sir N. Throgmorton in Robertson Hist. Scot. (1759) II. App. 57 You may repose as well of him in this matter as of the duke of Norfolk.
6. To rest on or upon, in various senses.
1611Shakes. Cymb. iv. ii. 212 His right Cheeke Reposing on a Cushion. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam iii. xxviii, On that reverend form the moonlight did repose. 1819Byron Juan ii. lviii, On such things the memory reposes With tenderness. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. xiii. 297 Almost every glacier reposes upon an inclined bed. a1862Buckle Civiliz. III. iv. 272 Their whole system reposes upon fear. |