| 释义 |
montmorillonite|mɒntmɒˈrɪlənaɪt|
[Named 1847 after Montmorillon in France: see -ite.]
a. A massive rose-red silicate of aluminium. Also, any of the montmorillonoids, or these minerals collectively (see quots. 1954, 19662).
1854[see delanovite]. 1865Watts Dict. Chem., Montmorillonite, a rose-red, fragile, argillaceous substance found at Montmorillon. 1866in Brande & Cox Dict. Sci., etc. II. 534/3 s.v. Mineralogy. 1934 [see delanovite]. 1935Amer. Mineralogist XX. 482 Montmorillonite, beidellite, and nontronite form an isomorphous completely miscible series. 1949P. C. Carman Chem. Constitution & Properties Engin. Materials xiii. 383 The main constituent is a mineral of the montmorillonite group, either montmorillonite or beidellite. 1954H. Williams et al. Petrogr. xvii. 327 By substitution of magnesium or iron for aluminum, especially in montmorillonite, the composition of clay minerals may vary considerably from the formulas given. Beidellite, for example, is essentially a magnesian montmorillonite, and nontronite is one rich in iron. 1962Amer. Mineralogist XLVII. 145 Beidellites and montmorillonites should be divided at the composition at which the lattice charges from octahedral and tetrahedral substitution equal one another. Ibid., The term beidellite should be used for the aluminium-rich members of the montmorillonite-beidellite series of minerals. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VIII. 587/2 Montmorillonite clays have wide commercial use. The high colloidal, plastic, and binding properties make them especially in demand for bonding molding sands and for oil-well drilling muds. They are also widely used to decolorize oils and as a source of petroleum cracking catalysts. 1966W. A. Deer et al. Introd. Rock-Forming Min. iii. 264 The name montmorillonite..was originally applied to a clay mineral with composition similar to that of pyrophyllite except for the presence of excess water, Al4Si8O20(OH)4·nH2O. Chemical variation of this basic formula yields a group of clay minerals which are related by a common structure and by similarity of chemical and physical properties, and are therefore classed as the ‘montmorillonite group’. According to present usage one member of this group is itself called montmorillonite and has the formula (Na)0·7(Al3·3Mg0·7)Si8O20(OH)4·nH2O. An alternative term once used for this type of clay is ‘smectite’, and this has now been revived to describe the group as a whole (Mackenzie, 1957a), which contains the following principal members: montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, saponite, hectorite and sauconite. 1971Nature 15 Jan. 157/2 Montmorillonite, a silicate mineral with typical expanding layers, consists of mica-like sheets that are normally separated by one or two layers of water molecules.
b. attrib. montmorillonite group, the group of clay minerals (of which montmorillonite is the type) otherwise known as montmorillonoids.
1938Mineral. Mag. XXV. 153 The montmorillonite group is shown to have three end-members, montmorillonite, Al2Si4O11, nontronite, Fe2Si4O11, magnesium-beidellite, Mg3Si4O11. 1946Amer. Mineralogist XXXI. 423 The minerals of the montmorillonite group are characterized by a very wide range in the ions which can proxy Si or Al within the crystal lattice. 1949, etc. [see above]. |