| 释义 |
monochrome, n. and a.|ˈmɒnəʊ-, mɒnəʊˈkrəʊm|
Forms: 7–9 monochrom, 8 monocrome, 9– monochrome.
[In sense 1, ad. med.L. monochrōma, -chrōmat-, evolved from Gr. µονοχρώµατος adj.; in the other uses a. F. monochrome or ad. Gr. µονόχρωµος, -ον, of one colour, a by-form of µονοχρώµατος (see monochromatic).]
A. n.
1. a. A painting executed in different tints of one colour, with representation of light and shade.
1662Evelyn Chalcogr. iv. 35 Those wretched gravings..where the Devil is but one great blot..and the rest of the Figures Monochroms as ridiculous. 1760Ann. Reg. III. ii. 164/1 Four monocromes which stand first in the catalogue of pictures [from Herculaneum]. 1801Fuseli Lect. Paint. i. (1848) 350 Monochrom, or paintings of a single colour. 1848Ibid. 351 note, There appears to be no example of the perfect monochrom (µονοχρώµατον) on the ancient vases. 1849Ruskin Sev. Lamps iv. §41. 132 The Elgin frieze is a monochrom in a state of transition to sculpture. 1861Thornbury Turner I. 105 His earliest works being mere monochromes in sepia. 1866Brande & Cox Dict. Sci. s.v., A drawing in chiaro-scuro is a monochrome, whether in black and white or in any colour and white... The skiagram or silhouette is not a monochrome, though executed in a single colour.
b. transf., esp. in Photogr. (see quots.).
1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 555/2 Monochrome, a photographic print in one colour of varying brightness. 1968Gloss. Terms Offset Lithogr. Printing (B.S.I.) 8 Monochrome, an original or print in a single colour. 1973D. A. Spencer Focal Dict. Photographic Technologies 394 Monochrome, an image or picture in a single colour which is usually (but need not be) black.
2. a. Representation in one colour; esp. in phr. (to paint, etc.) in monochrome. Hence occas., the state of being in one colour; a tract of one colour.
1851Illustr. Lond. News 31 May 493/1 Messrs. Hullmandel, who produce effects in monochrome. 1858Birch Anc. Pottery I. 259 A great improvement..was the use of incised lines cut through the colour to relieve the monochrome. 1861J. Bell Colour on Statues in Jrnl. Soc. Arts IX. 424/1 The wonderful groups of the Medici monuments, have come down to us in their native monochrome, untouched by change of tint. 1874Fergusson in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 759 No architect ever proposed to line the whole..with one cold, monotonous monochrome of gray. 1876T. Hardy Ethelberta II. 47 Here grassed hills rose like knuckles gloved in dark olive, and little plantations between them formed a still deeper and sadder monochrome. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 685/1 If a coloured object were illuminated solely by a paraffin light, a print from the negative would give a fair representation of the object in monochrome.
b. Cinemat. and Television. Reproduction in black and white.
1918H. Croy How Motion Pictures are Made 294 Relieving the monotony of the monochrome. 1957Encycl. Brit. XV. 859/2 Monochrome.—For black-and-white photography the principal problem is to make a reasonable compromise between film grain and film speed. 1961G. Millerson Technique Television Production 128 Colour media can employ both tonal and colour separation, to distinguish between planes. Colour separation may mean nothing when transformed into monochrome.
c. fig.
1962Listener 10 May 828/3 A dramatic exaggeration, associated with Verdi and Puccini, inevitably crept into the gentle monochrome.
3. A paint or glaze of a single colour.
1906S. W. Bushell Chinese Art II. viii. 40 Some of the most brilliant monochromes of the time are plain washes of one of the enamel colours used in polychrome decoration. 1933Burlington Mag. Nov. 203/1 Monochromes, which may be divided into celadons and semi-celadons, brown-glazed, white-glazed, and black-glazed wares.
B. adj.
a. Having only one colour; executed in one colour. Also fig.
1849Ruskin Sev. Lamps iv. §41. 133, I have an intense love for these monochrom figures. 1850J. Leitch tr. C.O. Müller's Anc. Art §74 Outline drawing and monochrome painting. 1861Thornbury Turner II. 89 Some almost monochrome but powerful water-colour Swiss scenes. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 685/1 This light-filter..will render all coloured objects in correct monochrome luminosity. 1906S. W. Bushell Chinese Art II. viii. 35 All the new monochrome glazes introduced under his rule. 1957Encycl. Brit. II. 540/1 At Mersin, the burnished and incised monochrome pottery of the Neolithic period was almost entirely replaced by the painted wares. 1959[see bichrome a. and n.2]. 1970Daily Tel. 13 Jan. 16 One must have balanced communities; there is nothing worse for society than a monochrome area. 1972C. Stephenson Merrily on High xii. 181 As a curate in Cowley St. John I worked in a completely monochrome district as far as the church was concerned.
b. Photogr. and Television. Reproducing all colours as shades of grey; ‘black and white’; pertaining to such reproduction.
1918H. Croy How Motion Pictures are Made 290 A strip of Priezma negative differs but slightly from a monochrome film. Ibid. 294 Monochrome effect on the screen is varied successfully by a different process. 1958Newnes Compl. Amat. Photogr. 144 The monochrome photographer who turns to colour is rather apt to think his old principles still apply. 1961G. Millerson Technique Telev. Production 128 A further variation can arise through distinctions between techniques when making colour and monochrome motion pictures. Ibid. Although colourful design may delight those in the studio, it has no significance to the viewer in monochrome television. 1972Sci. Amer. Feb. 117/1 Intended largely for paramedical students, nurses and technicians, it presents both in sharp monochrome and strong color photographs, all blood red and fat yellow, a review of the general structure of the body.
Hence monoˈchromic, monoˈchromical adjs. = monochrome a. ˈmonoˌchromist, a painter in monochrome; also (quot. 18611), one who advocates the use of monochrome. monoˈchromous a. = monochrome a. ˈmonoˌchromy, the art of painting in monochrome.
1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 368/1 These kinds of sculpture..were held in greater estimation than *monochromic sculpture. 1854Blackw. Mag. LXXVI. 556 These gentlemen..wear a monochromic or one-coloured suit. 1901in N. & Q. 9th Ser. VIII. 503/2 These bacini..are sometimes monochromic..others show a number of fantastic designs.
1890Century Dict., *Monochromical.
1662Evelyn Chalcogr. v. 127 Heredices the Corinthian, and Thelophanes the Sicyonian, who were both of them but *Monochromists. 1861J. Bell Colour on Statues in Jrnl. Soc. Arts IX. 424/1 Is the addition of coloring to statues to be looked upon as an advance in art, or a retrogression? The polychromists will, of course, hold it to be the former, while the monochromist in sculpture will represent that [etc.]. 1861Thornbury Turner I. 99 Girtin was at first little more than a monochromist. a1878Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. (1879) I. 180 The churches..of one unvaried stone colour..have been made over periodically to the tender mercies of the monochromist.
1856Mayne Expos. Lex., Monochromus..*monochromous. 1880Sala in Daily Tel. 26 Feb. 5/8 The general monochromous dinginess of the disestablished hotel.
1855Hyde Clarke Dict., *Monochromy,..painting in one colour. 1879O. N. Rood Chromatics xviii. 310 We return now to a brief consideration of monochromy, or decoration in a single colour. |