| 释义 |
properly, adv.|ˈprɒpəlɪ|
[f. proper a. + -ly2.]
In a proper manner (in senses of the adj.).
1. a. In its own nature, in itself, intrinsically, essentially; in one's own person, for oneself; as one's own, as private property, privately. Now rare or Obs.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 49 Þei han grete housis proprid to hem self..and myche hid tresour..; and þis tresour is kept proprely to idel men or fendis. 1551T. Wilson Logike (1580) 5 b, To goe vpright and to speake, are properly to all menne generally. 1607Shakes. Cor. v. ii. 90 My Affaires Are Seruanted to others: Though I owe My Reuenge properly, my remission lies In Volcean brests. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 170 The whole world or heaven..is moved properly by soul.
b. Particularly, distinctively, specially.
1340Ayenb. 34 And specialliche and propreliche of the rote of auarice guoþ out manye smale roten, þet byeþ wel greate dyadliche zennes. 1486Bk. St. Albans D ij, That terme draw is propurli assigned to that hawke that will slee a Roke or a Crow or a Reuyn. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 19 A certane schort..grase, quhairin scheip properlie delytes. 1651Hobbes Govt. & Soc. viii. §5. 130 A subject hath nothing properly his owne against the will of the Supreme Authority. 1823Scott Peveril xxv, One would think mischief was so properly thy element that to thee it was indifferent whether friend or foe was the sufferer.
†c. By itself or themselves; severally. Obs.
1390Gower Conf. III. 127 Thus ben the Signes propreli Divided. a1500Wycket (1828) p. xiii, A man maye take a glasse, and breake the glasse into many peces, and in euery pece properly thou mayste se thy face.
2. In the proper or strict sense; strictly speaking; † literally, not figuratively (obs.); in accordance with fact; strictly accurately, correctly, exactly.
a1340Hampole Psalter xiv. 1 Tabernakile propirly is þe mansyon of feghtand men. c1340― Prose Tr. 33 Þis desire es noghte propirly lufe, bot it es a begynnynge, for lufe propirly es a full cuppillynge of þe lufande and þe lufed to-gedyre. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxxiii. 150 Off Paradys can I noȝt speke properly, for I hafe noȝt bene þare. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 24 If we wil properly and exactly speake, accordyng to the difinition of the word. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. i. i. 8 He keepes me rustically at home, or (to speak more properly) staies me heere at home vnkept. 1674Allen Danger Enthus. 128 Carefully avoiding to take words properly, which are spoken metaphorically. 1790Paley Horæ Paul. Rom. ii. 17 Greece properly so called, that is, as distinguished from Macedonia. 1850McCosh Div. Govt. i. iii. (1874) 67 Virtue is not virtue, properly speaking, when it is constrained.
3. Fittingly, suitably, appropriately; as it ought to be, or as one ought to do; rightly, correctly, duly, well; in accordance with social ethics or good manners, becomingly, with propriety.
a1225Ancr. R. 98 Lokeð nu, hu propreliche þe lefdi in Canticis,..lereð ou, bi hire sawe, hu ȝe schulen siggen, ‘En dilectus meus’. 1340Ayenb. 25 Huanne he..deþ his guodes naȝt uor god properliche, ac uor þe wordle. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xi. (Symon & Judas) 69 He send til hyme þane a paynteore..To paynt his fygur propirly. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxx. 134 In þat land er many papeiais..and þai speke of þaire awen kynde als properly as a man. a1533Frith Disput. Purgat. Wks. (1829) 99 Mark..how properly that substantial reason, wherewith they go about to establish purgatory, concludeth. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 372 Those famous sheep called Pacos which serve as properly for carriage as horses. 1776Adam Smith W.N. i. viii. (1869) I. 82 Law can never regulate them [wages] properly. 1811L. M. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. III. 73 He took leave affectionately and yet properly. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxi, Take the horse back, and clean him properly. 1868Lockyer Elem. Astron. vi. xxxvii. (1879) 219 If the object-glass does not perform its part properly. Mod. Why don't you behave properly?
4. In a goodly fashion, excellently, admirably; with goodly appearance, finely, handsomely; well. Now arch. or vulgar.
a1375Lay Folks Mass Bk. App. iv. 621 Þe Orisoun..of seynt Ambrose Þat he properly in prose Made. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxiii. 107 Made of precious stanes so properly and so curiousely þat it semez as it ware a vyne growand. c1430Hymns Virg. 62 ‘Apparaile þe propirli’ quod Pride. 1519Interl. Four Elem. in Hazl. Dodsley I. 47, I can prank it properly. 1552Huloet, Properly or trymme, concinne, dextre. 1732Earl of Oxford in Portland Papers VI. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) 159, I never saw hills so properly and so finely clothed. 1740–87Lett. Miss Talbot, &c. (1808) 19 A mean dressed man got up into a tree, and from thence harangued them very properly.
5. Of degree: Thoroughly, completely, perfectly; utterly, entirely, quite; exceedingly, very. (Now slang or colloq.)
a1400–50Alexander 3283 (Dubl. MS.) Þus prosperite and pride propyrly me blyndyd. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 57 For certayne I thoughte properly it had ben you. 1664Pepys Diary 24 June, Such variety of pictures, and other things of value and rarity, that I was properly confounded. Ibid. 14 July, All which, I did assure my Lord, was most properly false, and nothing like it true. 1816Scott Let. to T. Scott 29 May in Lockhart, Economy is the order of the day, and I can assure you they are shaving properly close. 1895Morris in Mackail Life (1899) II. 309 They beat us properly..we polled about half what they did. 1896Daily News 18 Mar. 3/6 The accused said he got ‘properly drunk’.
6. Math. So as to form a proper subset or a proper subgroup (see proper a. 6 c).
1965E. Schenkman Group Theory iv. 125 If Π is a set of primes, a Sylow Π-subgroup of a group G is a Π-subgroup of G not properly contained in any Π-subgroup of G. 1968E. T. Copson Metric Spaces i. 6 The set A is..properly contained in B if every member of A belongs to B and there is at least one member of B which does not belong to A. 1971E. C. Dade in Powell & Higman Finite Simple Groups viii. 326 The group H..is properly contained in G. |