| 释义 |
▪ I. † Perkin1 Obs.|ˈpɜːkɪn|
[A dim. form of the name Pierre, Piers, or Peter: cf. Peterkin.]
From the name Perkin Warbeck, alleged to be that of the personage who professed to be the younger son of Edward IV, and as such claimed the crown in 1495: A pretender to the throne, or to any exalted position.
1685Evelyn Diary 15 July, Yet this Perkin [the Duke of Monmouth] had ben made to believe that the King had married her [Mrs. Barlow]. 1715S. Centlivre Gotham Election i. Wks. 1760 III. 177 I'll undertake to prove this Fellow deep in the Interest of young Perkin. Ibid. 185 You'd spend every Shilling of my Portion in Defence of Liberty and Property, against Perkin and the Pope.
▪ II. Perkin3 Chem.|ˈpɜːkɪn|
[The name of Sir William Perkin (1838–1907), English chemist.]
a. Perkin's mauve, † Perkin's purple, or Perkin's violet, a dye that was first prepared by Perkin in 1856 by oxidizing crude aniline with potassium dichromate, and was the first synthetic dye to be used commercially; = mauve n.
1860Chem. News 21 Jan. 74/2 Notices of some of the patents taken out for the preparation and use of the new purple dyes generally known as the ‘mauve or Perkins’ [sic] Purple’, [etc.]. 1886Roscoe & Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. III. iii. 319 Other patents were soon taken out for this colour, and it came into the market under different names, such as Tyrian purple, Aniline violet, Perkin's violet, [etc.]. 1908Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XCIII. 2247 Many of the products obtained by these inventors could not have been Perkin's mauve at all, and,..not one of these rival processes was enabled to compete successfully with the original ‘bichromate’ method. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xxii. 454 Perkin's Mauve, as the substance was called, became the first synthetic dye. 1971E. Gurr Synthetic Dyes 123 Mauveine (mauve; Perkin's violet) is a basic dye of the azine group... Mauveine has been obsolete for several decades past.
b. Perkin('s) reaction or Perkin synthesis, any of a number of types of reaction discovered by Perkin, esp. that in which, typically, an arylacrylic acid is formed by the condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with the anhydride of an aliphatic acid, in the presence of the sodium salt of the latter.
1882Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XLII. 190 (heading) Interpretation of syntheses by Perkin's reaction. 1908Ibid. XCIII. 2226 About 1867 he [sc. Perkin] must have commenced these researches..which..culminated in that beautiful method of synthesising unsaturated acids now known as the ‘Perkin synthesis’. 1960Gowan & Wheeler Name Index Org. Reactions (ed. 2) 189 Perkin synthesis of alicyclic compounds. Compounds containing active methylene groups react with polymethylene dihalides in the presence of a base..to yield alicyclic compounds. 1972Materials & Technol. IV. xiii. 462 Acetic anhydride is the most applicable reagent in the Perkin reaction. 1973B. J. Hazzard tr. Organicum 479 In the Perkin synthesis, aldehydes or ketones are treated with anhydrides of aliphatic carboxylic acids, giving rise to α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acids. |