| 释义 |
▪ I. mischance, n.|mɪsˈtʃɑːns, -æ-|
Forms: see chance n.; also 5 miscaunce, -chanche, meshaunce.
[a. OF. mesch(e)ance, -aunce, also meschanche, mescance:—L. type *minuscadentiam: see mis-2 and chance n.]
1. Ill-luck, ill-success. In early use often with stronger sense, disaster, calamity.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2902 Ouer homber he fley anon to wite him fram meschance. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. ix. 51 God saue þe from mischaunce, And ȝiue þe grace uppon grounde. c1475Partenay 5642 Anon it happned to hym gret miscaunce. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. i. 89 Lords view these Letters, full of bad mischance. 1622Bacon Hen. VII 181 They..let downe with Cords..seuerall Messengers (that if one came to mischance, another might passe on). 1822Hazlitt Table-t. Ser. ii. iv. (1869) 83 We are the sport of imbecility and mischance. 1833Tennyson Lady of Shalott iv. ii, Beholding all his own mischance, Mute, with glassy countenance. 1855Motley Dutch Rep. ii. iii. (1866) 191 If mischance should follow the neglect of this warning.
personified.c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1151 Amiddes of the temple sat meschaunce, With disconfort and sory contenaunce. 1742Gray Spring 38 Brush'd by the hand of rough Mischance.
2. In particularized use: A piece of bad luck, a mishap, an unlucky accident; † spec. an accidental injury or mutilation. In early use also, † a state of unhappiness, an evil fate.
a1300Cursor M. 1182 In takinning als o þi penance þe sal be send a lang meschance. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xx. 229 Mynne ȝe nat, riche men to which a meschaunce Þat dives deyed? a1450Myric 1899 Fowrty dayes for þat myschawnce Þow schalt be in penaunce. 1577in Ellis Orig. Lett. ser. ii. III. 56 Upon Monday here fell a mischaunce betwene two of my Lo. Chamberleyns men, and the on of them was killed in Powles churche yarde. 1587Golding De Mornay i. (1617) 7 When a man loseth an eye, an arme, or a legge, we do commonly say, it is a mischance. 1685Wood Life 23 July (O.H.S.) III. 155 He had got a mischance by gunpowder. 1758Johnson Idler No. 55 ⁋7, I had secured it [sc. a book] against mischances by lodging two transcripts in different places. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. xxiv, First the right sandal came down, and then the left, and these mischances being repaired [etc.]. 1863Hawthorne Our Old Home (1879) 145 The vicissitudes and mischances of sublunary affairs.
3. Phrases.
†a. to fare, go to mischance; to cast, chase, drive, put to mischance. to give (a person) mischance: to bring bad luck to, to overwhelm with disaster. to bid (a person) mischance: to wish him bad luck.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7282 Þey cald hym traitour wyþ manace, & to meschaunce þey scholde hym chace. c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 222 Lat us daunce, And cast your widwes habit to mischaunce. Ibid. v. 359 Thy swevenes..Dryf out, and lat hem faren to mischaunce. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiii. 325 And blame men bihynde her bakke and bydden hem meschaunce. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 333 Enuye I preie to god ȝeue hire myschaunce. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 142 What with swerd and with launce Many oon he gafe myschaunce. c1460G. Ashby Dicta Philos. 47 Otherwise your werkys gone to mischanche. c1470Henry Wallace vi. 282 How he had put his pepill to myschance.
†b. In exclamations and imprecations, esp. in with mischance! = deuce take it! Also How mischance..? How the devil..? Obs.
13..Guy Warw. 2533, & ȝif ich Gij mete may, Wiþ meschaunce y schal him gret. c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 1362, Or how mischaunce sholde I dwelle there? c1386― Manciple's Prol. 11 Is that a cook of Londoun, with meschaunce? c1386― Man of Law's T. 816 The lordes styward—god yeve him meschaunce! c1400Rom. Rose 7581 What? welcome with mischaunce now! 1402Jack Upland in Chaucerian Pieces (Skeat) 203 Than so shulde they be better than Christ himselfe, with miscaunce! c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 34 She..hir husband disceyvethe, allas! meschaunce! 1526Skelton Magnyf. 502 God gyue you a very myschaunce!
c. by mischance: by an unlucky accident.
AF. par mescheaunce (Britton) = ‘by misadventure’.
1535Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 6 If it shall happen any of the said mares by mischaunce or casualte for to die. 1625Milton Death Infant 44 Wert thou some Starr which from the ruin'd roofe Of shak't Olympus by mischance didst fall? 1662J. Graunt Bills Mort. viii. 48 Slain in Wars, killed by mischance, drowned at Sea. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xliv, When they met by mischance, he made sarcastic bows or remarks to the child. 1859Tennyson Marr. Geraint 112 And these awoke him, and by great mischance He heard but fragments of her later words.
d. Proverbs.
14..Hermes Bird lxii. in Ashm. Theat. Chem. (1652) 225 A Chyldys Byrde, and a Chorlys Wyfe, Hath ofte sythys sorow and mischaunce. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Malheur, Mischances neuer come single.
▪ II. misˈchance, v. Obs. or arch.
[mis-1 1.]
1. intr. To happen unfortunately. Also with dat. of person.
1552Huloet, Mischauncen, male euenire. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 40 Beliueing no falshoode to mischance him efterwart in respect of his hartlie messaige that come to him fre the maistratis. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 64 And still I hoped to be up advaunced,..but still it hath mischaunced. 1809E. S. Barrett Setting Sun I. 68 It so mischanc'd, A horde barbarian,..Landing, spread death wherever they advanc'd.
2. pass. To be unfortunate; to have bad luck.
a1542Wyatt in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 36 Stephan said true, that my natiuitie Mischanced was with the ruler of May. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 11 He burnt the more for anger within himself, that he was so mischanced in this behalf. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. lxxxix. viii, All that him hate, be me shall be mischaunced.
3. intr. To have the ill-luck to do so-and-so.
1600Fairfax Tasso xix. xcviii, On an ambush I mischanst to light Of cruell men.
Hence misˈchancing vbl. n. rare.
1611Florio, Misueniménto,..a mischancing. 1929W. Faulkner Sartoris v. 357 A period of history which had seen brothers and husband slain in the same useless mischancing of human affairs. |