| 释义 |
Michael|ˈmaɪkəl|
Forms: α. 1 Micha(h)el, 3 (Ormin) Michaæl, 4 Mychael, 4, 6– Michael. β. 3 Missel, 4–5 Michel, 5 Mychel, 6 Mychell. γ. 3 Mihael, Miȝhel, 4 Mihel, Myȝhell, 5 Myghell, Myghele, 7 (in Comb.) Mighill-.
[repr. Heb. Mīkhāēl, lit. ‘who is like God?’ Gr. Μιχαήλ, L. Michael, whence OF. Michiel, F. Michel, It. Michele, Sp. Miguel, Pg. Miguel, G. Michael (the archangel), Michel (in popular uses).
The γ forms, implying a pronunciation |mɪjɛl|, are difficult to account for. They occur only in application to the archangel or his feast; for the baptismal name the β forms only were used down to the 17th c.]
1. a. The name of one of the archangels. the feast of St. Michael, St. Michael's day: Michaelmas.
c1000ælfric Hom. I. 518 Michahel. a1225Ancr. R. 412 Seinte Mihaeles dei. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 11032 A sein Misseles [v.r. Myhelles] dai. 1340Ayenb. 1 Holy archanle Michael. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. viii. 36, I schal sende ow my-self seint Mihel myn Aungel. 1382Wyclif Dan. x. 13 Mychael [1388 Myȝhel]. 14..Customs of Malton in Surtees Misc. (1888) 59 Eftyr þe fest of Sayntt Myghell. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 294 So much the fear Of Thunder and the Sword of Michael Wrought still within them.
b. St. Michael's pear [= F. poire de St.-Michel, G. Michaelisbirne]: a kind of pear that is ripe at Michaelmas.
1837Hawthorne Twice-told T. viii, They strung him up to the branch of a St. Michael's pear-tree.
c. Order of St. Michael: an old French military order instituted by Louis XI in 1462. Order of St. Michael and St. George: an English civil order of knighthood instituted in 1818, shortly after the acquisition by Great Britain of Malta and the Ionian Islands, for the purpose of affording a special decoration to the natives of those islands; now granted as a reward for distinguished services as a diplomat, etc.
1530,1591[see order n. 8]. 1839Penny Cycl. XIII. 246/2 There are also..knights of the Ionian order of Saint Michael and Saint George.
†2. = Michaelmas. Also attrib. in Michael-cry, Michael day, Michael term; Michael('s)-tide, Michaelmas-tide.
1406Hoccleve Misrule 422 For Michel terme þat was last. 1426in Catal. Anc. Deeds in P.R.O. IV. 547 That the said Richard be at Chestir the next Seterday after Mygheleday in presens of the Chaumberlayn. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 28 Fresh herring plentie, Mihell brings. Ibid. 74 No danger at all to geld as they fall. Yet Michel cries please butchers eies. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xv. (1623) 802 From the next Michaels-tide vnto Easter. 1615W. Lawson Country Housew. Gard. (1626) 12 At Mighill-tide it will be good to sow Wall-flowers. Ibid. 51 Generally no keeping fruit [sc. will be ready] before Michael-tide. 1622S. Ward Life of Faith (1627) 87 To be haunted with a Quartan from Michael to Ester. 1622in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 210 By Michael next my Lord..makes accompt to bring her over.
3. As a common Christian name of men. Also in proverbial phrases.
1340Ayenb. 1 Þis boc is dan Michelis of Northgate, y⁓write an englis of his owene hand. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxii. 71 Twa curis or thre hes vpolandis Michell [rimes knitchell and nichell (= L. nihil)]. a1625Fletcher Woman's Prize i. iii, Petru. Well there are more Maides then Maudlin, that's my comfort. Mar. Yes, and more men then Michael. 1785Grose Dict. Vulg. T., Michael. Hip, Michael, your head's on fire.
4. = Mickey Finn. U.S. slang.
1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §509/9 Opiate; ‘knockout drops’... Michael. 1957B. Buckingham Boiled Alive xxiv. 178 He only pretended to trust me and just slipped me a Michael in my drink. I passed out in the car a few minutes after leaving the bar.
5. Slang phr. to take the Michael (out of) = to take the micky (out of) (see mickey1 6).
1959H. Pinter Birthday Party i. 9 They won't come. Someone's taking the Michael... It's a false alarm. 1962Spectator 23 Feb. 242/2 Like many satirists Mayakovsky takes the michael out of both sides. 1966L. Davidson Long Way to Shiloh xi. 157 Jesus, did we take the Michael! We used to chat 'em up, these old bats out looking for prospects. |