| 释义 |
metropolitan, a. and n.|mɛtrəˈpɒlɪtən|
Also 6–7 metra-.
[ad. late L. metropolītānus, f. Gr. µητροπολίτ-ης (see metropolite).]
A. adj.
1. a. Belonging to an ecclesiastical metropolis; metropolitan bishop = B. 1. Also, pertaining to or characteristic of a metropolitan.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 247 The metrapolitan Churche of Saint Andrewes. a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol. vii. viii. §12 Archiepiscopal or Metropolitan prerogatives are those mentioned in old Imperial constitutions, to convocate the holy Bishops under them within the compass of their own Provinces. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xii. (1739) 22 London had the Metropolitan See, or was the chiefest in precedency. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 91 An Archbishop..was elected by Provincial Bishops meeting together in the Metropolitan Church. 1902A. M. Fairbairn Philos. Chr. Relig. ii. ii. iii. 487 The Synagogue was provincial and sectarian, but the Temple was metropolitan and collective.
†b. metropolitan toe. (The allusion is obscure.)
1642Milton Apol. Smect. 19 A Bishops foot that hath all his Toes..and a linnen Sock over it, is the aptest emblem of the Prelate himselfe. Who being a pluralist, may under one Surplice which is also linnen, hide foure benefices besides the metropolitan toe. 1673[R. Leigh] Transp. Reh. 127 When Arch-bishop Abbot was suspended we might say his metropolitan toe was cut off.
2. a. Of, pertaining to, or constituting a metropolis; metropolitan city or metropolitan town = metropolis. Also, belonging to or characteristic of ‘the metropolis’ (London).
In recent use occas. applied to designate institutions, etc. pertaining to London as a whole, in contradistinction to those that pertain to ‘the City’, as in metropolitan police.
1555Eden Decades 259 The metrapolitane citie of Muscouia called Mosca. 1739Cibber Apol. (1756) II. 17 A great deal of that false flashy wit and forc'd humour which had been the delight of our metropolitan multitude. 1784Cowper Task iii. 737 Are not wholesome airs..To be preferred to smoke, to the eclipse That metropolitan volcanoes make? 1864Act 27 & 28 Vict. c. 116 §8 This Act may be cited..as the ‘Metropolitan Houseless Poor Act, 1864’. 1886E. L. Bynner A. Surriage xv. 173 How fast he was losing metropolitan tone and polish in the wilds of America. 1887Dowden Shelley I. vi. 236 Dublin had sunk from a metropolitan to a provincial city. 1930H. Crane Let. 29 Nov. (1965) 359 In one of the many Doubleday-Doran shops in the metropolitan area. 1936[see hinterland]. 1958Listener 11 Dec. 981/2 Black cities; white suburbs—that is how the current trend is often summarized... The pattern of ‘metropolitan segregation’ (as it has been called) has opened a new, and a frightening, chapter of the ‘American Dilemma’. 1961E. A. Powdrill Vocab. Land Planning v. 89 The ‘metropolitan region’ is a giant urban regional system, different less in kind than in size from that of any urban region. 1963Times 7 June 3/7 It contains a detailed breakdown of the rates levied by the 83 county boroughs and 28 metropolitan boroughs. 1969Daily Tel. 12 June 23/2 Three areas—Manchester, Birmingham and Liverpool—will become Metropolitan authorities, with the key functions of planning, transportation and development... These three will have below them metropolitan district authorities running education, the personal social services, health and housing. 1971Ibid. 17 Feb. 9 Six new metropolitan county councils are proposed by the Government in its plans for reorganisation of local government published today. 1972Times 12 Feb. 14/8 His Lordship had not failed to observe the practice in some metropolitan courts. 1973Times 12 May 1/1 The 36 metropolitan district councils in England and 37 district councils in Wales created under the Local Government Act 1972, will take over in 12 months' time the statutory powers of the present bodies which they will replace. 1974Daily Tel. 1 Apr. 6/4 The 45 new counties will contain 332 districts, including 36 metropolitan districts covering towns in the six metropolitan counties.
b. Of or pertaining to an underground railway serving a large city; spec. of the London Underground Railway, now extended overground to serve an extensive suburban area. Also ellipt.
1867Trollope Claverings II. xix. 233 He was very keen at the present moment about Metropolitan railways. c1875‘Brenda’ Froggy's Little Brother (new ed.) iii. 33 A Metropolitan train was just in, and a crowd of passengers, as usual, came swarming up the steps into the street. 1883E. W. Hamilton Diary 13 Nov. (1972) II. 505 The proposal of the Metropolitan Railway to run an underground line from the back of the India Office to Knightsbridge, and thence across the Park to the Marble Arch and up the Edgeware Road. 1909Chesterton Tremendous Trifles 244 A Metropolitan station, where I took a train home. 1934H. G. Wells Exper. Autobiogr. II. ix. 817 Moscow also is making an imitative tube system... It will be the least stable ‘Metropolitan’ in the world. Ibid. 819 The constructors of the new Metropolitan. 1959[see district n. 3 g]. 1974M. Birmingham You can help Me ii. 38 The Metropolitan train from Euston Square..[to] Aldgate East.
c. Of a type of early English pottery found in or near London: (see quots.).
1891J. E. & E. Hodgkin Examples Early Eng. Pott. 6 Of a less decorative character than most of the slip-decorated pieces is the ware which we have classed..as Metropolitan Slip, the pieces in this group having been mainly found in or near London. Ibid. 9 Metropolitan Slip... A Jar of elegant shape, recently dug up..near Bishopsgate Street. 1903R. L. Hobson Catal. Eng. Pott. Brit. Mus. 108 Examples of Metropolitan Slip ware, made of red clay, with ornament in white slip and a transparent yellowish lead glaze. 1924Rackham & Read Eng. Pott. iii. 28 Another type of ware, showing the same technical methods as the Staffordshire slipwares, has been given the name of ‘Metropolitan’, because it has usually been found in or near London. Ibid., The earliest date on a piece of Metropolitan ware is on a jug.., inscribed..1638. 1957Mankowitz & Haggar Conc. Encycl. Eng. Pott. & Porc. 149/1 Metropolitan slipware, the name given to a class of red earthenware decorated with white trailed slip... Examples dated from 1638 to 1659 are recorded. Ibid. Plate 66 (caption) Metropolitan jug. 1967Times 14 Mar. 21/7 (Advt.), A Metropolitan ware silver-mounted jug.
3. Belonging to or constituting the mother-country. Freq. with reference to France: of or pertaining to the home country (as distinct from colonial territories).
1806Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 60 A safe carriage of all her productions, metropolitan or colonial. 1810Bentham Offic. Apt. Maximized (1830) Pref. 21 On the question—by the metropolitan country shall this or that distant dependency be kept up,—there are two sides. 1910Encycl. Brit. X. 795/2 The organization of the ‘metropolitan troops’ [in France] by regiments. 1943H. Nicolson Diary 4 Feb. (1967) 278 In Metropolitan France de Gaulle is the great symbol. 1958Optima Mar. 22/1 Were peace to be restored, metropolitan France would have, within the following few years, to devote 2½ per cent. of her national revenue to raising the Algerian standard of living. 1959B. & R. North tr. Duverger's Pol. Parties (ed. 2) ii. ii. 330 The practice of alliances..made it possible for the Centre parties to gain 61% of the seats in metropolitan France with 51·4% of the votes. 1972Sci. Amer. Apr. 19/3 Back in colonial times the metropolitan countries certainly maintained peace in and among their colonies.
†4. fig. (from 1 and 2). Principal, chief. Obs.
1626Jackson Creed viii. xxi. §1 Of which [feasts] the passeover was the principal, or (as Chrysostome with some other of the ancients instile it) Metropolitan. 1632Brome Crt. Beggar ii. i. Wks. 1873 I. 201 Some call him the metrapolitane wit of Court. 1645Milton Tetrach. Wks. 1851 IV. 237 To acknowledge Gods ancient people their betters, and that language the Metropolitan language. 1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋198 The Ascendand and first house, the metrapolitane place in the systeme of indications. 1686J. Dunton Lett. fr. New-Eng. (1867) 74 Mr. Increase Mather:..He is deservedly called, The Metropolitan Clergy-Man of the Kingdom.
B. n.
1. Eccl.
a. [In Gr. µητροπολίτης, in L. mētropolītānus.] A bishop having the oversight of the bishops of a province; in the early church his see was in the metropolis of the province. In the West the term is now approximately co-extensive with archbishop; in the Greek church the metropolitan ranks above an archbishop and below a patriarch.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 111 And to the metropolitan of London alle the cuntre of Cornewaile and alle Englonde was subiecte vn to the floode of Humbre. 1530–1Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 15 Wyllyam Archebysshoppe of Canturburye metropolytane and primate of all Englande. a1643Ld. Falkland, etc. Infallibility (1646) 26 It hath beene agreed on, that all that are under the Metropolitan of Canterbury, should be called the Province of Canterbury. a1674Milton Hist. Mosc. i. Wks. 1851 VIII. 480 The Emperor esteemeth the Metropolitan next to God, after our Lady and Saint Nicholas, as being his spiritual Officer. 1710Prideaux Orig. Tithes iii. 149 All the Metropolitans and Bishops of King Gontrans Kingdom. 1814Southey Roderick xx. 318 If thou wert still The mitred metropolitan. 1833R. Pinkerton Russia 189 The Council of Moscow..was attended by..five metropolitans, five archbishops [etc.]. 1897Catholic Dict. (ed. 5) 50/2 At present the terms ‘archbishop’ and ‘metropolitan’ have the same meaning, except that the latter implies the existence of suffragans, whereas there may be archbishops without suffragans, as in the case of Glasgow.
transf.1686tr. Chardin's Coronat. Solyman 59 A new Sadre, or Mahometan Pontiff, or Metropolitan of the whole Empire.
b. fig. (in jocular or sarcastic use).
1630Randolph Aristippus Wks. (1875) 32 The Catholic Bishop of Barbers, the very Metropolitan of Surgeons. 1780Cowper Progr. Error 186 Let Comus rise Archbishop of the land; Let him your rubric and your feasts prescribe, Grand Metropolitan of all the tribe.
2. A chief town or metropolis.
1549Compl. Scot. xiii. 110 The toune of tribie, quhilk is the methropolitane & capital cite of that cuntre. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. ix. 72 b, Mytilene..metropolitane of al the townes of Eolea. 1628Gaule Pract. Theory (1629) 104 Christ could haue chosen Rome..; or Athens..; or Jerusalem..; And yet poore Nazareth, and little Bethlehem..are..preferred to those renowned Metropolitans. 1692Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 531 Grenoble, the metropolitane of Dauphigny. 1874Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. lxxxvii. 3 The true ‘eternal city’, the metropolitan, the mother of us all.
†3. fig. = metropolis 2 b. Obs.
a1619M. Fotherby Atheom. ii. ix. § 2 (1622) 296 The prime and Metropolitan of the Mathematicall Sciences. 1704N. N. tr. Boccalini's Advts. fr. Parnass. II. 204 That Naples should be allow'd the Title of Metropolitan of all Cities whatever for breaking of Colts, and Rome for managing of Men.
4. One who lives in a metropolis; one who has metropolitan ideas or manners.
1795Jemima I. 83 You are a Paisley by nature as well as by birth, and incapable of becoming a worthy metropolitan. 1815J. Jekyll in Bentham's Wks. (1843) X. 486 To so inveterate a metropolitan as myself this is no grievance. 1882O'Donovan Merv. Oasis II. liv. 407 The people at Merv considered themselves altogether as metropolitans.
5. A citizen of the mother-city or parent-state of a colony.
1846Grote Greece ii. ii. II. 311 Both metropolitans and colonists styled themselves Hellens, and were recognised as such by each other. |