| 释义 |
metallurgy|ˈmɛtəlɜːdʒɪ, mɪˈtælədʒɪ|
[ad. mod.L. metallurgia, a. Gr. *µεταλλουργία, f. µεταλλουργός, f. µέταλλον metal n. + -εργος working, worker. Cf. F. métallurgie (1741 in Hatz.-Darm.).]
The art of working metals, comprising the separation of them from other matters in the ore, smelting, and refining; often, in a narrower sense, the process of extracting metals from their ores. Now understood as including the scientific study of the structure, properties, and behaviour of metals.
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I., Metallurgy, is the Working or Operation upon Metals, in order to render them most fine, hard, bright, beautiful, serviceable or useful to Mankind. 1785Warton Milton's Poems 188 note, Drayton personifies the Peak in Derbyshire, which he makes a witch skilful in metallurgy. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XI. 422/1 With others, therefore, we have chosen to restrain Metallurgy to those operations required to separate metals from their ores for the uses of life. 1868H. Bauerman (title) A treatise on the metallurgy of iron. 1914W. Rosenhain Introd. Study Physical Metall. i. 1 The scope of Physical Metallurgy..brings it well over the border-land of several sister-sciences— such as chemistry.., physics.., and that branch of knowledge generally known as ‘strength of materials’. 1948R. H. Harrington Mod. Metall. Alloys p. ix, The House of Metallurgy has, today, many rooms filled with stacks of measured data concerning heat treatments, physical properties, micro⁓structures, and crystal lattice measurements. 1950Sci. News XV. 138 Modern metallurgy borders also on physics and chemistry, mining and mineral dressing, applied mechanics and physical chemistry. 1967A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. i. 1 Metallurgy is now a disciplined applied science based on a clear understanding of the structures and properties of metals and alloys. |