| 释义 |
mercapto(-) Chem.|mɜːˈkæptəʊ|
[f. mercaptan + -o.]
a. As an inseparable formative element in chem. names indicating the presence of the radical {b1}SH, as mercapto-acetic adj., mercaptoethanol; mercaptoˈpurine Pharm., any of the monomercapto derivatives of purine, spec. 6-mercaptopurine, C5H4N4S, which is a yellow crystalline powder and is a cytotoxic agent used chiefly in treating leukæmia in children.
1971Nomencl. Org. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 2) C. 211 When {b1}SH is not the principal group, the prefix ‘mercapto-’ is placed before the name of the parent compound to denote an unsubstituted {b1}SH group.
1884Roscoe & Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. III. ii. 88 Thioglycollic acid, or mercapto-acetic acid, CH2(SH)CO2H, is obtained by the addition of chloracetic acid to an aqueous solution of potassium hydrosulphide. 1947Biochem. Jrnl. XLI. 49/2 BAL is also effective in detoxicating this arsenical, whereas a concentration of 2-mercaptoethanol equivalent to twice that of BAL is almost completely inactive. 1965Peacocke & Drysdale Molecular Basis Heredity vii. 73 By inhibiting nuclear division in sea urchin eggs with mercaptoethanol, Mazia provided evidence that the prophase chromosome contains at least four strands.
1954Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. CCXXVIII. 376/2 We have in mercaptopurine a new type of agent which has demonstrated activity against experimental tumors and leukemias in the mouse and against leukemia in man. 1961Lancet 7 Oct. 821/1 Methotrexate..and mercaptopurine..are folic-acid antagonists, which..interfere with nucleic-acid synthesis by inhibiting folic-acid reductase. 1965Mercaptopurine [see immunosuppressant s.v. immuno-]. 1973Arthritis & Rheumatism XVI. 139 Thirteen patients with psoriasis and arthritis were treated with 6-mercaptopurine in dosages ranging from 20 to 150 mg/day.
b. As an independent word, usu. attrib. and sometimes joined by a hyphen to the second element: the radical {b1}SH, present in mercaptans; sulphydryl.
1896Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXX. i. 412 Unsymmetrical homologues of thiodiglycollic acid..are prepared by the interaction of the neutral sodium salts of mercapto-acids and those of haloid fatty acids. 1930Chem. Rev. VII. 511 Mercapto acids may be made in the same way as hydroxy acids. 1957R. H. Barry in E. Sagarin Cosmetics xx. 468 These inventors obtained coverage also in Great Britain for other organic mercapto compounds which function in alkaline-reacting media as depilatories. |