| 释义 |
▪ I. anti-, prefix1
repr. Gr. ἀντι-, ἀντ-, ἀνθ- (see ant-, anth-), ‘opposite, against, in exchange, instead, representing, rivalling, simulating’; in Gr. combined adverbially with (1) vbs., as ἀντιλέγειν to speak against, contradict; (2) vbl. adjs., as ἀντίλογος speaking against, contradictory, ἀντίλεκτος spoken against, disputed; (3) vbl. ns. and abstracts from vbl. adjs., as ἀντίλεξις speaking against, contradiction, ἀντιλογία contradictoriness, disputation; (4) other ns., forming adjs. and ns., as ἀντίβιος using force (βία) on the opposite side, ἀντιστράτηγος the general on the opposite side, the enemy's general; passing into the sense of ‘counterfeit, false,’ as ἀντίκλεις a key rivalling or simulating the true one, a counterfeit key. Less commonly combined prepositionally with ns. in (5) synthetic adjs. as ἀντίθυρος opposite the door (from ἀντὶ θύρας), ἀντίθεος rivalling the gods (ἀντὶ θεῶν), ἀντίχριστος opposed to Christ, an opponent of Christ.
In English, used A. in compounds already formed in Greek, or others modelled on them. Also B. as a living formative, I. in words analogous to 4 above, as anti-pope, anti-king, anti-climax; II. mainly, in synthetic combinations, in which anti- governs a n. expressed, or implied in its appropriate adj., as anti-Jesuit, anti-English, anti-slavery, anti-friction; III. in the derivatives of these, as anti-royalist, anti-supernatural-ism. The analogy for all these seems to have been given by antichrist and its adj. antichristian, which (with the analogous antipope) were almost the only examples in use bef. 1600. Shakespeare has no anti- combinations.
A. Derivatives. Words in which anti- adverbially qualifies the vb. in vbl. ns. or adjs., and their derivatives, in compounds already formed in Gr., as antilogism, antinomy, antiphonic, antiphony, antithesis, antithetic, and mod. compounds modelled after them as antitropous. All these appear in their alphabetic places hereafter.
B. Combinations.
I. Substantives, in which anti- attributively qualifies a n. The main stress is on ˈanti- (ˈantiˌking, ˈantiˌbishop, ˈantiˌgrowth).
1. a. Formed on the type of Antichrist, and anti-pope; with sense of ‘Opposed, in opposition, opponent, rival,’ whence ‘pretended, spurious, pseudo-’: as anti-apostle, anti-balm (1559), anti-bishop, anti-Cæsar, anti-clergy, anti-comet, anti-creator, anti-critic, anti-deity (1602), anti-duke, anti-emperor, anti-king, anti-martyr, anti-Messiah, anti-prophet.
1642F. Potter Number 666, 96 (T.) The cardinals of Rome..fitly stiled *anti-apostles.
1559Morwyng Evonym. 261 Of trewe Balm and *Antibalm.
1865Pusey Truth Eng. Ch. 74 Fortunatus was an *anti-bishop, consecrated in opposition to S. Cyprian.
1704Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) I. 80 Ludovicus of Bavaria, Emperor of Germany, 1314..is oppos'd by an *Anti-Cæsar, Frederick of Austria.
1658Osborn Adv. Son (1673) 122 Stipendiaries or Lecturers, that signifie little less than an *Anti-clergy.
a1667Cowley To his Majesty Wks. II. 572 The Flames of one triumphant Day, Which like an *Anti-Comet here Did fatally to that appear.
1642Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 262 The maker, or rather the *anticreator of that universall foolery.
1758Warburton Div. Legat. (ed. 10) III. 149 All the reasonings of these *Anticritics.
1602J. Davies Mirum in Mod. 23 (D.) Diu'lls incarnate, *antideities.
a1652J. Smith Sel. Disc. ii. 29 Some of those *antideities that are set up against it.
1872Yeats Growth Comm. 319 He was recalled, and later they set up an *anti-duke.
1880T. Hodgkin Italy & Inv. I. i. 13 Eighteen emperors were recognised at Rome besides a crowd of *anti-emperors in the provinces.
a1617Bayne Dioces. Trial (1621) 73 If one doe usurpe a kingly power in Kent onely, he were an *Anti-king to our Soveraigne.
1860Pusey Min. Proph. 509 An *anti-king may..have set himself up in other parts of the kingdom.
1755Gentl. Mag. 407 Amidst this army of *anti-martyrs I discern a volume of peculiar appearance.
1677Gale Crt. Gent. II. iii. 115 These Baalim brought in by Jezebel were an *Anti-Messias.
a1638Mede Apost. Later Times 88 (T.) Well might St. John, when he saw so many *anti-prophets spring up, say.
b. The opposite or reverse of; an opponent of: as anti-luminary, anti-Paul, anti-priest, anti-wit.
1714Spect. No. 582 ⁋5 The Nation has been a great while benighted with several of these *Antiluminaries.
1660Fuller Mixt Contempl. (1841) 178, I might term many of these men *anti-Mephiboshets.
a1667Cowley Liberty Wks. 1710 II. 676 An *Anti-Paul, who became all Things to all men, that he might destroy all.
1719Waterland Christ's Divinity 28 Afraid of being guided by priests, they consent to be governed by *anti-priests.
a1688Villiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Poems (1775) 167 Our brave *Anti-wits and great Ones.
2. With names of things: signifying
a. a thing of the same kind placed opposite, or acting in opposition: = Opposed, opposing, opposite, opposition-, counter-; as in anti-association, anti-Bartholomew, anti-chorus, anti-climate, anti-conductor, anti-council, anti-critique, anti-decalogue, anti-ejaculation, anti-endowment, anti-extreme, anti-face, anti-faction, anti-fame, anti-fire, anti-growth, anti-hemisphere, anti-league, anti-mark, anti-narrative, anti-parliament, anti-part, anti-position, anti-prestigiation, anti-principle, anti-Rome, anti-school, anti-synod, anti-temple, anti-tone, anti-volition. (antiface occurs c 1599.)
1682Lond. Gaz. mdcclxx/3 A very good *Anti-Association and Nursery of Loyalty.
1864Burton Scot Abr. I. v. 274 Had the Huguenots ever possessed the opportunity for vengeance..they would have made an *anti-Bartholomew of it.
1863Kinglake Crimea I. xxiv. 405 A chorus and an *anti-chorus engaged in a continual chant.
1635N. Carpenter Geog. Del. i. ix. 216 To these they opposed so many towards the South, which they called *anticlimates.
1779Swift in Phil. Trans. LXIX. 454 One particular addition I have made to the apparatus consists in what I call an *anti-conductor: it is exactly like the prime conductor.
1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. xi. 404 They called at Carthage an *Anti-councell of their own faction.
1805W. Taylor in Month. Mag. XX. 41 Lessing published an *Anti-critique.
1861Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. III. cliii. 153 If they dream of a ‘Constitution’ to support slavery, which honest men shall not alter, they might as well dream of an *Anti-Decalogue.
1765Tucker Lt. Nat. II. 448 Those *anti-ejaculations..bear a great part in the ceremony.
1837S. R. Maitland Volunt. Syst. 153 A sort of *anti-endowment of {pstlg}20 per annum.
1647Ward Simp. Cobler 49 If one Extreame should not constitute its *Anti-Extreame, all things would soon be in extremo.
1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. (T.) The third is your soldier's face..The *antiface to this is your lawyer's face.
1662Fuller Worthies ii. 8 Being of the *Anti-faction to Duke Dudley.
1642― Holy & Prof. St. iii. xxiii. (D.) To set up an *antifame against it [a ridiculous report].
1647Ward Simp. Cobler 6 No divine Truth, but hath much Cœlestiall fire in it from the Spirit of Truth nor no irreligious untruth, without its proportion of *Antifire from the spirit of Error.
1818J. Brown Psyche 30 This *antigrowth of words.
1684T. Burnet Th. Earth I. 256 That antichthon, or *anti-hemisphere, which the ancients opposed to ours.
1844Blackw. Mag. LV. 559 You make leagues and *anti-leagues for the sake of your morsel of bread.
a1658Cleveland Char. Diurn. Maker (1677) 108 A Diurnal-maker is the *Antimark of an Historian.
1690Def. Dr. Walker 2, I do not intend to set out an *Anti-Narrative, or to trouble my self with a Confutation.
1660Milton Dr. Griffith's Serm. Wks. 1851, 396 All [laws] enacted without the King and his *Antiparlament at Oxford.
a1779Warburton Serm. II. 64 (L.) There we shall find the *anti-part of this..truth.
1644Vind. Treat. Monarchy iii. 17 He..sets up an *Antiposition, that..such a people ought to submit.
1656Blount Glossogr., *Antiprestigiation, a contrary jugling, the diversity or opposition of Legerdemain.
1663J. Spencer Prodigies 168 (T.) Besides one..source of good, there was an *anti-principle of evil.
a1628F. Greville Sidney (1652) 201 Like a Remus, to leap over any wall of her new-built *Anti-Rome.
1875Browning Aristoph. Apol. 156 He founds no *anti-school, upsets no faith.
1653Ashwell Fides Apost. 272 Who ever and anon framed new Confessions in their Synods and *anti-Synods.
1876A. Davidson Hebr. Gram. 23 To prevent this Emphasis or *anti-tone being lost.
1801Darwin Zoon. IV. 233 A volition to wink, which by habit becomes stronger than the *antivolition not to wink.
b. A thing or process of the opposite or contrary kind: = The opposite, contrary, or reverse of; as anticlimax, anti-creation (1659), anti-holiday, anti-logic, anti-metaphysics, anti-method, anti-model, anti-music, anti-philosophy, anti-poison, anti-priestcraft, anti-religion, anti-romance, anti-science.
1659Gentl. Call. ix. §2. 452 By a kind of *anti-creation brought darkness out of light.
1868Bain Ment. & Mor. Sc. iv. v. §5 The convict's yearly or half-yearly *anti-holiday would impart additional horror and gloom to his solitary reflections.
1866Spect. 20 Oct. 1162/2 One of the most precise pieces of..*anti-logic ever invented by the mind of man.
1940R. G. Collingwood Essay on Metaphysics viii. 81 In the second part I pass from metaphysics to *anti-metaphysics, by which I mean a kind of thought that regards metaphysics as a delusion and an impediment to the progress of knowledge, and demands its abolition.
1721Amherst Terræ Fil. x. 47 If all societies took the same method, or rather the same *anti-method.
1825Bentham Ration. Reward 98 Either as the models, or if the term may be admitted..the *anti-models of the remuneratory branch of procedure.
1697Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. ii. (1703) 24 Whether such *Anti-musick as this might not be of Service in a Camp. 1817Coleridge Own Times (1850) III. 945 Had this anti-music been confined to the original band.
1818Coleridge Philos. Lect. (1949) ii. 107 Materialism..is an *anti-philosophy arising out of a thorough coldness of the moral feeling. 1877F. H. Laing Ld. Bacon's ‘Philosophy’ Examined xiv. 123 The Baconian view..might rather be called an anti-philosophy than a philosophy. Ibid. 125 The negative anti-philosophy of Bacon.
1812Southey Lett. (1856) II. 266 As powerful an *anti-philtre as that fountain in the Forest of Arden which produced so many cross purposes between Angelica and her suitors.
1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. xxviii. (1756) 40 In venomous natures something may be amiable: poysons afford *antipoysons.
1772Burke Dorm. Claims Ch. Wks. X. 146 Secure from Lay-bigotry and *Anti-priestcraft.
1710Swift Examiner No. 20 Not properly atheism, but a sort of *anti-religion prescribed by the devil.
1653J. Davies tr. C. Sorel's The Extravagant Shepherd, (continuation of title) The *anti-romance: Or, the history of the shepherd Lysis.
1911G. B. Shaw Doctor's Dilemma p. xli, The medical profession is coming more and more to represent, not science, but a desperate and embittered *anti-science.
c. In recent use, of a form of art or literature seemingly opposed to the basic conventions or traditions of the form in question or to the form itself. Cf. anti-hero.
1935D. Gascoyne Short Survey Surrealism ii. 35 The third review to appear was Littérature (which really meant Anti-literature). 1939Dylan Thomas Let. 11 Sept. (1966) 236, I like the idea of Miller's anti-literature. [1948J.-P. Sartre in N. Sarraute Portrait d'un Inconnu (1956) 7 Un des traits les plus singuliers de notre époque littéraire c'est l'apparition, çà et là, d'œuvres vivaces et toutes négatives qu'on pourrait nommer des anti-romans.] 1955J. Bazaine in A. C. Ritchie New Decade 12 The nature of painting is abstraction... It is not only ‘anti-painting’ that reminds us, in terms all too obvious, that a work of art exists only in the degree to which it denies itself, exceeds itself, blasphemes. 1958Archit. Rev. CXXIV. 1/1 His [sc. Debord's] celebrated anti-film Hurlements en Faveur de Sade is chiefly notable for the fact that the uproar it creates is designed and predictable. 1958M. Jolas tr. J.-P. Sartre's Pref. to N. Sarraute's Portr. of Man Unknown (1959) p. vii, These anti-novels maintain the appearance..of the ordinary novel... But..their aim is to make use of the novel in order to challenge the novel. 1958New Statesman 25 Jan. 101/1 One of the cleverer heirs of that nineteenth-century tradition of playmaking against which M. Ionesco's anti-theatre is presumably directed is M. André Roussin. 1960Listener 25 Feb. 368/1 Rag-time..flourished about the same time as Dada. It distorted and ‘ragged’ traditional melodies and rhythms into something like an anti-music. 1963Times 11 Feb. 5/2 One begins to apply these doctrines to the anti-play, to Mr. Ionesco and to the other writers who seem to be..in alliance with him.
Hence, of those who practise such a form of art or literature.
1935D. Gascoyne Short Survey Surrealism ii. 30 [Picabia] was known to the others as the Anti-painter, just as Tzara was known as the Anti-philosopher. 1956Art News Jan. 13/4 To be an anti-painter, as Appel clearly would like to be, one must first be a painter. 1959Listener 5 Nov. 764/1 The anti-artists are those who in their work have attempted to deny or break with every conceivable canon of style, taste, or convention that may have been established by the practice of artists in the past. 1962Ibid. 8 Mar. 406/1 The new French school of ‘anti-novelists’.
d. anti-particle: an elementary particle of the same mass as a given particle but having an opposite electrical charge, or (of an uncharged particle) differing in the direction of its magnetic moment (see also quot. 1962), etc. So anti-neutrino, anti-neutron, anti-nucleon, anti-proton (postulated earlier and called ‘negative proton’ but first discovered in 1955); also anti-matter, matter composed of anti-particles.
1931Dirac in Proc. R. Soc. A. CXXXIII. 61 We may call such a particle an anti-electron. 1934Chem. Abstr. 2263 (title) Theoretical remarks on the..symmetry between particles and antiparticles. Ibid. 5327 (title) Tensorial fields accompanying the Dirac electron: neutrino and antineutrino. 1942Ibid. 1235 Such a theory..demands the existence of antiprotons and antineutrons. 1946Nature 24 Aug. 280/2 Since Dirac's treatment was able to predict the existence of the positron it is to be expected that anti-nucleons, produced by removing nucleons from negative energy states, also exist. 1953Sci. News Let. 14 Mar. 169/1 The existence or creation of anti-matter, or the negative analogue of the proton..is theoretically possible. 1955N.Y. Times 23 Oct. E9/6 (heading) Discovery of the Anti-Proton Ends a Long Search. 1958Chambers's Techn. Dict. (ed. 3) 956/2 Anti-neutron, recently discovered particle which can mutually annihilate a neutron, with the evolution of vast energy. 1959New Scientist 5 Nov. 854/1 The main ingredients of anti-matter—antiprotons, antineutrons and anti-electrons—can be set in the tables alongside the protons, neutrons and electrons of which ordinary matter is composed. 1962Newnes Conc. Encycl. Nuclear Energy 33/2 Anti-particle, that particle (known or hypothetical) whose interaction with a given particle results in their mutual annihilation. Examples of particle-antiparticle pairs are electron-positron, proton-antiproton, and so on. Ibid. 521/1 The antineutrino..accompanies electron emission, whereas the neutrino is associated with positron emission.
II. Adjectives and attributive phrases, in which anti- prepositionally governs a n. expressed, as anti-zealot, anti-slavery, or implied in an adj. as anti-national. The stress is not on anti- (anti-ˈcatholic, anti-ˈrent-, ˌantiminiˈsterial).
3. Adjectives, formed on the type of antichristian (pertaining to Antichrist), analysed as = Opposed to Christ, Christians, or what is Christian. These are formed on adjs. already existing, as anti-national, or (rarely) on ns. with simultaneous addition of an adj. ending, as anti-church-ian, anti-infant-al. But when the n. has no attendant adj., it is usually taken unchanged: see 4.
a. on adjs. derived from proper names of persons, parties, groups, or nations, as anti-Anglican, anti-Bolshevik, anti-British, anti-Calvinistic, anti-Comintern, anti-Darwinian, anti-English, anti-European, anti-German, anti-Humian (or anti-Humean), anti-Jewish, anti-Judaic, anti-Nazi, anti-Negro, anti-Pelagian, anti-Platonic, anti-Radical, anti-Russian, anti-Soviet, anti-Stratfordian, anti-Wagnerian, anti-Zuinglian, etc. (anti-Platonic occurs 1638.)
1809Southey in Q. Rev. II. 337 Let not that *Anti-Anglican spirit be cherished.
1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. iv. §36 The orthodox *anti-Arian Fathers.
1848J. H. Newman Loss & Gain 190 *Anti-Athanasian views.
1860Froude Hist. Eng. V. xxvii. 307 The older *anti-Austrian policy.
1919Spectator 20 Sept. 360/1 Whether we should do good or harm by trying to help the *anti-Bolshevik Russians to a limited extent.
1845Syd. Smith Irish Ch. Wks. 1859 II. 334/1 Such a piece of *anti-British villany.
1823Lamb Elia (1860) 88 An order of imperfect intellects..essentially *anti-Caledonian.
1837Hallam Hist. Lit. iii. ii. §36 The *Anti-Calvinistic tenets of the fathers.
1936Times 30 Nov. 12/4 (Report of speech by H. Hess) He [sc. Hitler] had lessened this grave, permanent danger to the nation by an act of such world-political significance as the *anti-Comintern alliance concluded between Germany and Japan.
1881Athenæum 23 Apr. 562/1 An *anti-Darwinian manifesto.
1811Southey in Q. Rev. VI. 338 *Anti-Dominican doctrines respecting the Virgin Mary.
1814W. Taylor in Month. Mag. XXXVIII. 35 The *anti-Egyptian turn of the book of Exodus.
1808Jane Austen Let. 1 Oct. (1952) 212 The Man describes well, but is horribly *anti-english. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. IV. xxii. 467 The chief pillar of the anti-English policy. 1960Spectator 30 Sept. 469 A republic would reduce slightly the anti-English feelings of the Afrikaners.
1948B. G. M. Sundkler Bantu Prophets S. Afr. iii. 66 He was convinced that certain ministers of the African Methodist Episcopal Church were engaged in political *anti-European propaganda.
1900Daily News 7 Sept. 5/2 The *anti-German nature of the recent official Russian enunciations.
1790Boswell Johnson (1831) I. 112 With warm *Anti-Hanoverian zeal.
1879W James in Mind IV. 330 In the second volume of Lewes's Problems we find this *anti-Humean view that the effect is the ‘procession’ of the cause. 1933Mind XLII. 140 The more thoroughgoing and more famous anti-Humian arguments of Kant.
1817M. Edgeworth Harrington iii. 57 When Jacob appeared in the school room, the *antijewish party gathered round him. 1956A. H. Compton Atomic Quest 208 The anti-Jewish feeling that was being fomented here by the Nazis.
1885Lightfoot Apostolic Fathers ii. I. 371 Marcion was markedly *Anti-judaic.
1839Thirlwall Greece VI. I. 189 The Spartan or *anti-Macedonian interest.
1877Shields Final Philos. 64 The science [geology] having become so *anti-Mosaical.
1933Time 20 Nov. 20/3 Last week an irate *anti-Nazi raiding party entered the cemetery.
1862Greeley in J. A. Logan Great Conspiracy 432 The Rebels are everywhere using the late *Anti-Negro riots in the North..to convince the Slaves that they have nothing to hope from a Union success. 1947M. M. Lewis Lang. in Society x. 217 Books..have been..used to intensify anti-Negro attitudes.
1865Pusey Truth Eng. Ch. 290 The *Anti-Pelagian statements of Faith.
1638Suckling Aglaura Dram. Pers., Orsames, a young Lord *antiplatonique.
1860Froude Hist. Eng. V. xxvii. 293 Having in his possession *anti-Protestant books.
1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 402 The spirit of the *Antipuritan reaction.
1866Carlyle Remin. I. 152 A very fierce Radical and *anti-Radical time.
1856Froude Hist. Eng. II. 12 The *anti-Roman policy was arrested.
1901Westm. Gaz. 31 Oct. 2/1 *Anti-Russian political meetings. 1940B. Ward Russian Foreign Policy 26 In the early days of 1939..Hitler himself still seemed determined to pursue his anti-Russian policy.
1698Norris Pract. Disc. IV. 122 Learned *Anti-Socinian Writers.
1920Daily Herald 22 Mar. 1/3 (heading) Smashing Reply to *Anti-Soviet Propaganda. 1939Ann. Reg. 1938 182 To bring Poland into the anti-Soviet coalition.
1948N. & Q. CXCIII. 111/2 We have enjoyed the three latest numbers of Baconiana and an *anti-Stratfordian brochure (from the same source): ‘Was Shakespeare educated?’
1895G. B. Shaw Sanity of Art (1908) 33 The old anti-Wagnerian confusion.
1674Hickman Hist. Quinquart. (ed. 2) 197 To suppress the *Antizuinglian Doctrine.
b. on adjs. belonging to or formed on common nouns of every description, or when anti- simply reverses the adj., as anti-æsthetic, anti-angular, anti-aquatic, anti-art, anti-artistic, anti-astronomical, anti-authoritarian, anti-bacterial, anti-biblic, anti-bourgeois, anti-bridal, anti-caligraphic, anti-capitalistic, anti-carnivorous, anti-cholinergic, anti-churchian, anti-colonial, anti-commerical, anti-corrosive, anti-decadent, anti-depressant, anti-divine (1765), anti-dogmatic(al), anti-domestic, anti-episcopal, anti-evangelical, anti-everything, anti-feudal, anti-flatulent, anti-formal, anti-fuliginous, anti-grammatical, anti-hectic, anti-historical, anti-human, anti-humanitarian, anti-hydrophobic, anti-idolatrous, anti-infantal, anti-infective, anti-liturgical, anti-logical, anti-malarial, anti-materialistic, anti-melancholic, anti-mentalistic, anti-metaphysical, anti-microbial, anti-microbic, anti-military, anti-ministerial, anti-moral, anti-mythical, anti-nationalistic, anti-naturalistic, anti-nepotic, anti-neuritic, anti-nuclear (= opposed to nuclear weapons), anti-ontological, anti-orthodox, anti-patriarchal, anti-philanthropic, anti-philosophic, anti-philosophical, anti-phylloxeric, anti-physical, anti-plethoric, anti-portable, anti-prelatic, anti-prudential, anti-psychological, anti-putrefactive, anti-quartan, anti-red (see red a.), anti-reforming, anti-revolutionary, anti-rheumatic, anti-ritualistic, anti-royal, anti-sacerdotal, anti-scientific, anti-scrofulous, anti-sensational, anti-sensual, anti-sexual, anti-simoniacal, anti-snobbish, anti-soporific, anti-spiritual, anti-stimulant, anti-theological, anti-thyroid, anti-totalitarian, anti-traditional, anti-tubercular, anti-tuberculous, anti-usurious, anti-utilitarian, anti-venefic, anti-viral, anti-warlike, anti-western, anti-white. Among these, medical terms relating to the prevention or cure of diseases are very frequent: the more important of them are treated separately in their alphabetical places. (anti-prelatic occurs 1641.)
1902G. K. Chesterton Twelve Types 171 Savonarola could not have been fundamentally *anti-æsthetic, since he had such friends as Michael Angelo, Botticelli, and Luca della Robbia.
1841Catlin N. Amer. Indians xx. (1844) I. 193 A bold and prominent *anti-angular nose.
1814Southey in Q. Rev. XI. 67 The people themselves never drink water..which would delight Dr. Lambe and his *anti-aquatic disciples.
1942Wyndham Lewis Let. 15 Sept. (1963) 337 Or is it just racial—that in Anglosaxon countries the Catholics like everybody else are a little *anti-art?
1896G. B. Shaw Let. 20 Feb. (1965) 604 Your nature is radically *anti-artistic. 1947M. Lowry Let. 6 May (1967) 145, I take it you do not of course mean your own anti-artistic emotion of self-pity.
1747Costard in Phil. Trans. XLIV. 484 Observations..burned by this *anti-astronomical Prince.
1937A. Koestler Spanish Testament i. ii. 48 As a logical consequence of their *anti-authoritarian attitude, Anarchists proclaim their belief in the policy of direct action.
1897Lippincott's Med. Dict. 67/2 *Anti⁓bacterial. 1903Med. Record 28 Mar. 511/1 The leucocytes have a special antibacterial action. 1947New Biol. II. 77 In the case of such a substance as penicillin at this stage of the research its only known property was its antibacterial effect.
1839J. Rogers Antipopopr. iv. §2. 174 Popery..its *anti-biblic origin.
1923J. M. Murry Pencillings 211 He had..a point of view which would have enabled him to see the comic side of Flaubert's *anti-bourgeois emportement.
1828L. Hunt Byron (ed. 2) I. 70 Sandys..is anything but an *anti-bridal poet.
1865Trollope Belton Est. xxvii. 326 Confused and altogether *anti-caligraphic.
1887S. Moore & Aveling tr. Marx's Capital II. xxv. 798 How, then, to heal the *anti-capitalistic cancer of the colonies?
1828Southey in Q. Rev. XXXVIII. 556 Vegetable Cookery, adapted to their *anti-carnivorous principles.
1950Webster Add., *Anticholinergic. 1962New Scientist 26 Apr. 143/1 The effectiveness of the new anticholinergic drugs used in treating duodenal ulcers.
1853Mayne Exp. Lex. *Anticolic, opposed to the colic.
1952Atlantic Monthly Aug. 10/2 *Anticolonial sentiments are strong in many South American republics.
1797W. Taylor in Month. Rev. XXIII. 560 An *anti-commercial spirit of legislation.
1810Bentham Packing (1821) 42 So much of the mischief of this institution as is confined to the *anticonstitutional abuse.
1824P. Hawker Instr. Yng. Sportsmen (ed. 3) 469 A specification of a new ‘*Anti-corrosive’ percussion powder. 1871Standard 12 Apr. 2 Most people will associate the title of volta-electric with something anticorrosive. 1947New Biol. III. 128 First it receives two or more coats of an anti-corrosive or protective paint, which prevents corrosion of the hull.
1760G. Lyttelton Dial. Dead iv. Wks. 1776 II. 123 Apply his *Anticosmetick wash to the painted face of female Vanity.
1818Q. Rev. XVIII. 534 Animated by *anti-covenanting zeal.
1673Lady's Call. i. §2 ⁋11 *Anticreative power, which reduces things to..chaos.
1916H. G. Wells Mr. Britling sees it Through iii. 75 ‘It's got its *anti-decadent side,’ said Mr. Direck.
1849Grote Greece ii. lxxiv. VI. 451 *Anti-democratical Sparta.
1962Lancet 29 Dec. 1342/2 It is well known that *antidepressant drugs are of most use in the mild-to-moderate degrees of depression.
1765Tucker Lt. Nat. II. 448 Assemblies of such persons, all in the same way of..thoughtlessness, may be termed *anti-divine services.
1859Newman Lect. & Ess. Univ. Subj. iii. 75 In illustration and defence of the *anti-dogmatic principle in political and social matters. 1940Mind XLIX. 423 Progressive, anti-dogmatic science is critical—criticism is its very life.
1846J. D. Morell Hist. View Specul. Philos. I. iii. 255 Simon Foucner..revived the spirit of the new academy, and with its *anti-dogmatical principles, firmly opposed the views of Descartes and Malebranche.
1861R. Peacock Gryll Gr. xxxi. 271 Clubs..those *anti-domestic institutions.
1869Daily News 29 Jan., Of purely *anti-dynastic men you would find..few in France.
1683E. Hooker Pref. Pordage's Myst. Div. 18 Is it not..an *Anti-Ecclesiastic, Anti-Fanatic..Age?
1828Southey in Q. Rev. XXXVII. 217 This *anti-ecclesiastical partisan.
1642Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig. ix. 35 All that are..*Anti-Episcopall. 1734Richardson in Birch Milton's Wks. 1738 I. 60 He was always very Anti-Episcopal, and no Lover of our Establish'd Church.
1778Wesley Wks. (1872) XIII. 35 These are very frequently unevangelical, but they are not *Anti-evangelical.
1898Rider Haggard Doctor Therne v. 92 Mr. Strong was indeed *anti-everything.
1789T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 576 They are furiously *anti-federal.
1876Bartholow Mat. Med. (1879) 536 The *anti-fermentative properties of the essential oils.
1844Emerson Misc. (1875) II. 296 The new and *anti-feudal power of Commerce.
1848Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 111 The *antiformal spirit wants no word Whereby to mark its union with the soul. 1934C. Lambert Music Ho! v. iv. 316 While romanticism is not specifically anti-formal it is specifically anti-symphonic.
1828Southey To A. Cunningham Wks. III. 306 Thy laws *Antifuliginous; extend those laws Till every chimney its own smoke consume.
1801W. Taylor in Month. Mag. XI. 291 The language of the law is at times *anti-grammatical.
1861Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon ii. iii. v. 153 The *Antihæmorrhoidal ointment of Cullen.
1853Mayne Exp. Lex., *Anti-hectic, Having power to remove or assuage hectic fever.
1860R. Vaughan Mystics (ed. 2) I. 246 The popular, *anti-hierarchical spirit of the day.
1937J. Orr tr. I. Iordan's Introd. Romance Linguistics iv. 336 The Dutch scholar, C. de Boer..whose approach..is so definitely *anti-historical.
1854Geo. Eliot tr. Feuerbach's Essence Chr. p. xxxv, A superhuman, i.e., *anti-human, anti-natural religion. 1965English Studies Feb. 73 [The New Criticism]..is therefore both anti-historical and anti-human.
1945Popper Open Society i. vi. 76 His [sc. Plato's] political demands are purely totalitarian and *anti-humanitarian.
1880Syd. Soc. Lex., *Anti-hydrophobic, Applied to remedies against hydrophobia.
1831W. Mill Christa Sangítá Pref. 38 Its *anti-idolatrous tendency.
1659Gauden Tears of Ch. 279 (D.) That *Anti-infantall Christ which they [Anabaptists] say is so predominant in them.
1899Daily News 1 Dec. 3/4 The *anti-infective inoculation..protecting the mucous membrane against the invasion of the microbe. 1933Discovery May 158/1 Vitamin A has been called the ‘anti-xerophthalmic’ and ‘anti-infective’ vitamin.
1842Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. VI. 418 The danger of *anti-liberal opinions on commerce.
1659Gauden Tears of Ch. 90 (D.) *Antiliturgicall Preachers.
1821Blackw. Mag. IX. 397 Its mode of reasoning is the most impudent and *antilogical that can be conceived. a1834Coleridge Notes Theol. & Pol. 142 ‘Makes’ for ‘produces,’ a Gallo-barbarism not less anti-logical than anti-Anglican.
1893Funk's Stand. Dict., *Antimalarial. 1932Lancet 9 Apr. 796/1 Atebrin, a new antimalarial preparation.
1758W. Battie Madness (T.) With respect to vomits it may seem almost heretical to impeach their *antimaniacal virtues.
1882W. James Let. 8 Jan. in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W.J. (1935) I. 737, I wanted to shew that physiology could send out an *anti-materialistic blast as well as she had been supposed to emit materialistic ones. 1942A. Koestler in Horizon V. 391 Perhaps the common denominator we are looking for can best be described as an ‘anti-materialistic nostalgia’.
1853Mayne Exp. Lex., *Anti-melancholic, Against or capable of dispelling melancholy.
1952Archivum Linguisticum IV. 67 It may be doubted whether linguists and logicians, even those free from any *anti-mentalistic bias, will be satisfied.
1877F. H. Laing Ld. Bacon's ‘Philosophy’ Examined vii. 74 Bacon..by his *anti-metaphysical, i.e., anti-philosophical efforts, brought the whole study..into thorough disrepute. 1935Mind XLIV. 108 The prevailing positivistic and anti-metaphysical philosophies of science.
1656Blount Glossogr., *Antimetrical, contrary or against the rule or order of Metre or Verse.
1910Lippincott's New Med. Dict. 67/1 *Antimicrobic, *-bial, antagonistic to microbes. 1949H. W. Florey et al. Antibiotics I. p. v, In this book plant products with antimicrobial properties have been included. 1901Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 2) 53/2 Antimicrobic, checking the growth of microbes.
1850R. Hort Horse Guards 100 For the advocates and friends of the service to successfully combat the *anti-military feeling abroad.
1653Gauden Hierasp. 236 The *anti-ministeriall Adversaries. 1817Coleridge Biogr. Lit. 101 That Journal..for many years continued Anti-ministerial.
1811W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. II. 344 Calling their opinions *Anti-moral.
1830Miss Mitford Village Ser. iv. (1863) 266 Who rode a particularly *anti-musical, startlish blood-horse.
1846Grote Greece i. xvi. I. 506 The *anti-mythic vein of criticism.
1816Byron in Moore Life (1866) 311 A lady..fast asleep in the most *antinarcotic spot in the world.
192019th Cent. Aug. 204 *Antinationalistic class war.
1902W. James Var. Relig. Exper. xvi. 422 The mystic range of consciousness..is *anti-naturalistic.
1857Tregelles Gesenius' Heb. Lex. Introd. 9 These *anti-neologian remarks of mine.
a1845Syd. Smith Let. Archd. Singleton, They will be shamed into a more lofty and *anti-nepotic spirit.
1881Syd. Soc. Lex. I, *Antineuritic, term applied to remedies that prevent inflammation in nerves. 1934Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Feb. 130/1 The potency of preparations containing the antineuritic vitamin B1 has been tested.
1958Listener 18 Dec. 1029/2 Switzerland who had forbidden an *anti-nuclear conference to be held on her soil.
1864Selss Germ. Lit. 176 A philosophical journal, in which..*anti-orthodox articles appeared.
1734Jortin Milton's Lycid. (T.) The most *antipapistical poets are inclined to canonize their friends.
1850Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xiii. 118 The *anti-patriarchal operation of shaving.
1775Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 4 These *antipatriotic prejudices. 1869Lecky Europ. Mor. I. xi. 186 The anti⁓patriotic tendency of its [Epicureanism's] teaching.
1831Carlyle Sart. Res. (1858) 67 Teufelsdröckh had..expectorated his *antipedagogic spleen.
1850J. S. Mill in Fraser's Mag. XLI. 26/1, I must first set my *anti-philanthropic opponent right. 1923D. H. Lawrence Ladybird 13 So, her reckless, anti-philanthropic passion could find no outlet.
1818Coleridge Philos. Lect. (1949) 72 The scheme..as delivered by Hesiod, is an *anti-philosophic Atheism. 1865Farrar Chapt. Lang. i. (1878) 6 An arbitrary and anti-philosophic hypothesis.
1877*Anti-philosophical [see anti-metaphysical above].
1881Daily News 23 Aug. 5 An *anti-phylloxeric congress, to which all the great wine-growing countries will send representatives.
a1603T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N.T. (1618) 511 We reiect not your Transubstantiation, because it is Metaphysicall, or aboue nature..but we refuse it as *Antiphisicall, or against nature. 1916D. H. Lawrence Twilight in Italy iii. 124 Hamlet is far more even than Orestes..a mental creature, anti-physical and anti-sensual.
1679T. Puller Moder. Ch. Eng. (1843) 169 Those who are for a Spring Fast, are not only anti-christian, but *anti-physician.
1876Harley Mat. Med. 189 The action of sulphate of Magnesia is..decidedly *antiplethoric and antiphlogistic.
1847Disraeli Tancred ii. xiv, The *anti-poetic spirit of the age.
1825Southey Lett. (1856) III. 475 The very ideal of an *Anti-portable volume.
1642Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig., The Rooters, the *Antiprelatick party, declaim against me.
1641Answ. Humb. Remonstr. §18 He scoffes at the *Antiprelaticall Church, and the Antiprelaticall Divisions.
1765Tucker Lt. Nat. II. 553 That *anti-prudential maxim..A short life and a merry one.
1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. v. 141 The conception of consciousness as a purely cognitive form of being..is thoroughly *anti-psychological. 1933Mind XLII. 262 Joad is uncompromisingly anti-psychological.
1814Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. 255 The *antiputrescent quality of cold climates.
1825Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 71 *Anti-rational Fallacies.
1840Gladstone Ch. Princ. 317 The *anti-rationalistic handling of Christian truths.
1927D. L. Sayers Unnatural Death xix. 216 The ‘Daily Yell’ wrote *anti-Red leaders and discovered a plot. 1946‘G. Orwell’ Crit. Essays vii. 122 He stays in Spain long enough to pick up a few anti-red atrocity stories.
1836Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 77 Hostility to rail-roads..displayed by some of the *anti-reforming interest.
1831Croker in Boswell's Johnson I. 255 note, Hume's *anti-religious principles.
1828J. S. Mill in Westm. Rev. IX. 295 Placing him under the protection of the *anti-revolutionary general Bouillé. 1830Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 241 Anti-revolutionary wars.
1817*Anti-rheumatic [see antibilious a.].
1867Ev. Standard 6 Aug. 3 An *anti-ritualistic form of worship.
1681Nevile Plato Rediv. 18 The *Anti-royal Party in our late Troubles.
1855Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) V. ix. viii. 378 A great *antisacerdotal movement.
1805W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. III. 279 This *anti-sceptical writer.
a1834Coleridge Notes Theol. & Pol. 264 Anselm, and the *anti-scholastic theologians.
1886W. M. Rossetti Pref. to Coll. Wks. D. G. Rossetti I. p. xxi, Superstitious in grain, and *anti-scientific to the marrow. 1927A. Huxley Proper Stud. 19 The prophets of the democratic-humanitarian religion have at all times, from the eighteenth century down to the present day, denounced the upholders of Christian orthodoxy as anti-scientific.
1846J. D. Morell Hist. View Specul. Philos. II. v. 18 The tendency of the Scottish philosophy..was clearly and decidedly *anti-sensational.
1916*Anti-sensual [see anti-physical above].
1890W. James Princ. Psychol. II. xxiv. 437 What might be called the *anti-sexual instinct, the instinct of personal isolation, the actual repulsiveness to us of the idea of intimate contact with most of the persons we meet, especially those of our own sex. 1929B. Russell Marriage & Morals iv. 34 So far we have been considering pro-sexual elements in religion; anti-sexual elements, however, existed side by side.
1825Bentham Ration. Reward 187 These *anti-simoniacal laws.
1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. x. 293 Stiffen ourselves as we will by appealing to *anti-snobbish first principles, we cannot escape an emotion..of respect and dread.
1834M. Scott Cruise Midge (1863) 107 Imminent peril is a beautiful *anti-soporific.
1827― in Q. Rev. XXXV. 204 Gross, earthly, and *anti-spiritual.
1869Eng. Mech. 1 Oct. 43/1 The hydrochlorate is a..powerful *anti-stimulant.
1880Goldw. Smith in Atl. Month. No. 268. 211 So fanatically *antitheological.
1908H. Mackenzie in Allbutt & Rolleston Syst. Med. (ed. 2) IV. i. 382 An *antithyroid serum, prepared by Merck from the blood of thyroidless sheep, has also been employed. 1962Lancet 22 Dec. 1317/1 She was treated with antithyroid drugs, and later by subtotal thyroidectomy.
1941‘G. Orwell’ in Horizon IV. 134 An attempted definition of fundamental human rights, of *anti-totalitarian tendency.
1860Wolff's Trav. & Adv. I. xi. 339 Those who belong to the *anti-traditional party have their own pet traditions.
1946Nature 30 Nov. 783/2 [France] has a special *anti-tubercular service for university students. Ibid. 14 Dec. 864/2 This compound..has very poor anti-tubercular power.
1904T. L. Stedman Dunglison's Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 23) 74/2 *Antituberculotic or *antituberculous, designed to arrest the progress of tuberculosis. 1958Times 15 Oct. 19/1 Anti-tuberculous drugs.
1787Bentham Def. Usury vi. 45 Mischiefs of the *anti-usurious Laws.
1861J. S. Mill in Fraser's Mag. LXIV. 666/1 This is admitted even by *anti-utilitarian moralists. 1870J. Grote Exam. Util. Phil. xvi. 250 The anti-utilitarian principle of despising happiness.
1778Phil. Surv. S. Irel. 390 Ireland got the appellation of Sacra from its *anti-venefic property.
1934Ann. Reg. 1933 ii. 63 The development, in horse and baboon serum, of *anti-viral properties promises a means of immunising populations to yellow fever.
1806W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. IV. 581 The *anti-warlike revolutionists of France.
1949I. Deutscher Stalin vi. 209 His ‘*anti-western’ tone was vague enough not to cause any objection.
1906Westm. Gaz. 2 Jan. 3/1 The contention that yellow labour is *anti-white labour he characterised as a ‘foolish and atrocious falsehood’. 1935G. Gorer Africa Dances Itin. iv. 277 There is..anti-white feeling; at Accra I had..the experience of being hated by passers-by.
c. Many of these, like the simple adjectives, are also used as substantives, forming (1) party-names as anti-christian, anti-Arminian, anti-Catholic, anti-radical (see 5); (2) names of material agents as anti-corrosive, anti-perspirant, and esp. medical terms as anti-bacterial, anti-depressant, anti-diuretic, anti-malarial, anti-narcotic, anti-pyretic, anti-stimulant. Also antibiotic, -coagulant, -convulsant, -oxidant, -pruritic.
1944Lancet 6 May 605/2 Such an influence is to be expected if natural antibiotics are involved in the interplay between plant and environment, and certain natural anti-bacterials appear to play such a part. 1962Ibid. 29 Dec. 1341/2 The original assessment as to response to anti-depressants was judged almost entirely on the basis of double-blind trials. 1941Dorland's Med. Dict. (ed. 19) 118/2 Antidiuretic, a drug which checks urinary secretion. 1935Discovery Oct. 291/1 Two remarkable synthetic anti-malarials, plasmochin and atebrin. 1957Housewife Sept. 88/3 Two deodorants and anti-perspirants make news.
d. advs. in -ly are formed on these adjs., when required: as anticalvinistically, anticonstitutionally.
1674Hickman Hist. Quinquart. 202 (ed. 2) [One who] preached Anticalvinistically in all the five Points under Controversie. Mod. They would act unconstitutionally, indeed altogether anticonstitutionally, in exluding a member personally disliked.
4. Attributive phrases, consisting of anti- governing a n. Their origin is found in the mod. Eng. use of ns. attributively, and the consequent combination of these with anti- in the same way as the adjectives to which they are equivalent; cf. the episcopal party, the anti-episcopal party, with the church party, the anti-church party. Thus they differ from the preceding group only in the absence of the adjective ending; and hence form the ordinary type, when the n. has no appropriate derivative adj., as in most words of Teutonic and OFr. origin. But their widely extended modern use seems partly to be the result of an independent analysis of the phrase: thus, anti-combination laws = laws anti (i.e. against) combination; cf. the similar attrib. use of Latin phrases, as in ante-mortem fame, ex tempore discourse, pro formâ resolution, post mortem examination, and even the native after-dinner speech, down-river steamer, underground railway, across-country road, off-hand reply, out-of-doors life. So, anti- may here be considered as a naturalized preposition, equivalent to against, and taking its place in attributive phrases, in which against is never used. These may be formed ad libitum; they seem to have begun c 1650 with the anti-court party (cf. the court party); and notable instances are anti-combination (laws), anti-corn-law (league), anti-rent (agitation), anti-slavery (society), anti-state-church (association), anti-vaccination (league). Later used in senses: (i) Against or opposed to, as anti-apartheid, anti-art, anti-betting, anti-Blimp, anti-business, anti-bus(s)ing, anti-dumping (see dump v.1 2 c), anti-Establishment, anti-litter, anti-noise, anti-pollution, anti-poverty, anti-reform, anti-scrape, anti-segregation, anti-sex, anti-theft, anti-treat, anti-union (= opposed to union; opposed to trade-unionism), anti-war.
1961Daily Mail 12 Sept. 11/5 *Anti-apartheid agitation was all right, but support for the committee was not. 1970Stand. Encycl. S. Afr. I. 462/1 The Anti-Apartheid Movement..was formed in 1960 for the specific purpose of opposing apartheid in South Africa. 1978G. Greene Human Factor iii. iii. 126, I took you for one of those high-minded anti-apartheid sentimentalists. 1986Daily Tel. 22 Aug. 24/5 Veteran British anti-apartheid campaigner Bishop Trevor Huddleston..did not believe the South African authorities would allow him into the country.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. i. i. II. 131 Great is the fire of *Antiaristocrat eloquence.
1932O. Sitwell Dickens 16 The genuine *anti-art bias which has possessed most English people since the triumph of Cromwell.
1837J. C. Calhoun Wks. III. 79, I am neither a bank man, nor an *anti-bank man.
1905Daily Chron. 13 July 5/5 (headline) *Anti-Betting Campaign.
1941Horizon III. 220 It is a magnificent *anti-Blimp pamphlet.
1817M. Edgeworth On Bores (1831) 318 Well-bred persons, abhorring the pedantry of the Blues, are usually *anti-blue, or ultra-antis.
1938New Statesman 15 Jan. 100/1 It [sc. the Wall Street market] had been depressed by the *anti-business speeches of the President and his lieutenants.
1968Economist 16 Mar. 48/3 The *anti-busing groups' hysteria reached a peak early in January when some 1,500 white residents..picketed a meeting of the Board of Education. 1977Time 21 Nov. 30/3 In Boston, the voters tossed out of office a trio of the city's antibusing leaders.
1857Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. I. 96 The Company stands therefore as a mere *Anti-Centralization bulwark.
1810Southey in Robberds Mem. W. Taylor II. 300 My anti-Catholic opinions would..clash with your *anti-church politics.
1882J. Hawthorne Fort. Fool i. xxvii, The practice of dissipation and the formation of *anti-church-going societies.
1865Spectator 14 Jan. 37 Re-establishing the old *anti-combination laws in a new and infinitely more stringent shape.
1873Whitney Ling. Stud. 115 The case of the *anti-comment party.
1670Penn People's Lib. Wks. 1782 I. 126 Jurors..scared into an *anti-conscience verdict.
1828Southey in Q. Rev. XXXVII. 567 The *anti-contagion philosophers.
1834Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) III. 102 No thoroughly informed leader on the *Anti-corn-law side. 1838Morn. Herald 7 Nov., At Manchester..there has been formed an Anti-corn-law Association. 1843Neale Ballads for People 15, I am an English yeoman! And we yeomen know no change: Though anti-corn-law lecturers About the country range.
1654Goddard in Burton's Diary I. 67 It was ..moved by the *anti-court party, to adjourn the debate. a1689Reresby Mem. (1734) 153 (T.) The anticourt party courted him at such a rate.
[1934Webster, *Antidumping.] 1948Ann. Reg. 1947 198 In the cases where the exports of one country were assisted by dumping..importing countries might impose anti-dumping duties.
1840Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. V. 90 The same *anti-education devil that in America enters into a planter, in the old country enters into a bishop.
1958New Statesman 12 July 37/2 An independent, basically ‘*anti-Establishment’ tabloid with a deliberately mass appeal.
1859All Y. Round No. 29. 58 A series of *anti-exporting acts of Parliament.
1857Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. I. xxv. 97 We of the *anti-felon portion of society.
1832― Exerc. II. 15 The great *Anti-felony Association of modern times.
1876Bartholow Mat. Med. (1879) 520 The antiseptic and *anti-ferment properties of chlorine.
1839Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. II. 466 An *Anti-Free-Trade orator, at that time of high consideration with his party.
1861G. J. Whyte-Melville M'kt. Harb. 79 *Anti-hunting weather.
1882Sun 14 May 6/5 It was intimated by *anti-lacrosse men yesterday that sterner repressive measures would be used.
1818Hazlitt Char. Shaks. Plays (1838) 73 The principle of poetry is a very *anti-levelling principle.
1917Greater New York 19 Nov. 11/3 The *Anti-Litter League.
1831Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. I. 354 But if the steward..had an *anti-machinery maggot in his head.
1865Public Opinion 28 Jan. 96 A great *anti-malt-tax meeting was held at Leicester, on Saturday.
1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea ii. 46 This *anti-mixing property in water.
1908Westm. Gaz. 1 Aug. 3/2 New York has started an *anti-noise crusade. 1961B.S.I. News Sept. 23 (title) Anti-noise regulations.
1840Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. V. 328, I perceive..further, that there is an *Anti-Opium Society.
1850Maurice Mor. & Met. Phil. (ed. 2) 141 In opposition to the *Antiplurality doctrine of Parmenides and Zeno.
1966Economist 9 July p. xxv/3 The full application of this—or any other *anti-pollution measure—is going to have to wait until the older cars have been scrapped. 1979Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXVII. 406/2 The County Council appointed a specialist anti-pollution consultant.
1887Standard (N. Y.) 7 May 2/1 The undersigned associate themselves together in an organization to be known as the *Anti-Poverty society. The object of the society is to spread..a knowledge of the truth that God has made ample provision for the needs of all men during their residence upon earth, and that poverty is the result of..human laws. 1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 24 June 3-a/1 Pope Paul Wednesday praised American Catholics for their ‘sustained piety and generosity’, singling out the church's domestic antipoverty effort and its overseas relief work.
1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea vii. §368 The *Anti-radiating influence of clouds.
1835J. S. Mill in Lond. Rev. I. 255 They..will fight the battle of half-reform with *anti-reform artillery. 1840Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. V. 233 The great probability of an *Anti-Reform war.
1879Pall Mall B. 12 Sept., To applaud the *anti-rent agitation.
1865Ch. Times 2 Dec., [The Bishop]..defends his *anti-ritual policy on arguments which he has expressly repudiated.
1877W. Morris in J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris (1899) I. xi. 346 You have not yet joined our *Anti-Scrape Society.
1958New Statesman 28 June 839/2 Churches, trade unions and professional organisations are being torn apart by the refusal of their members in the South to follow national *anti-segregation policies.
1936Discovery Nov. 360/2 Headmasters with an *anti-sex bias.
1820Niles' Reg. XIX. 127 An attempt..to get up, what its projectors call, an ‘*anti-slavery’ ticket. 1823(9 Apr.) Minute-bk. Brit. & For. Anti-Slavery Soc., At a Meeting of the Anti-Slavery Committee held at the King's Head Tavern, Poultry, it was resolved, etc. 1823N.Y. Observer 17 May (article) Anti-Slavery Society. 1825(title) Anti-Slavery Reporter. 1863W. Phillips Speeches iii. 36 Men undervalue the Antislavery movement.
1862Jrnl. R. Dublin S. No. 25. 344 The *anti-squatting tendency of legislation in Victoria.
1845Miall Nonconf. V. 275 Great *Anti-state-endowment Meeting at Finsbury.
1858Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. I. xlv. 177 Cockering up the *anti-tax-paying rich with the notion that the tax was to be put an end to.
1842Dickens Amer. Notes 98/1 The usual *anti-temperance recipe for keeping out the cold.
1959Observer 12 Apr. 3/3 There are *anti-theft press-button latches on the ventilating panes. 1977Belfast Tel. 28 Feb. 12/1 Car owners now have a legal obligation to ensure that their cars have a steering lock or some other anti-theft device.
1864Home News 19 Dec. 6/1 Prosecuted at the instance of the *Anti-Tobacco Society.
1881Times 28 Jan. 3/6 The *anti-torpedo gun adopted in the Royal Navy.
1860Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. III. cxxix. 90 These *anti-trade tinkers are true to their kind; they make two holes, where they pretend to stop one.
1909Daily Chron. 24 July 1/5 He has just turned them [sc. the saloons] into..‘*anti-treat’ places, where no one will be allowed to get intoxicated or to treat a friend.
1813Niles' Reg. V. 3/2 They may expose the British *anti-union demagogues. 1878A. Pinkerton Strikers, Communists (1884) 206 (D.A.), The officers of the road secured a volunteer anti-union engineer and fireman to move the cars. 1905Daily Chron. 24 Apr. 4 The anti-Union feeling in Norway grew. 1938Ann. Reg. 1937 281 The ‘independent’ steel companies stuck to their anti-union policies.
1835Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. III. 268 One great *anti-unjust-property-union.
1856S. G. Goodrich Recoll. Lifetime (1857) II. 51 The democrats were overjoyed that Colonel S. took pains to show his hatred and contempt for the *anti-war party. 1945H. Read Coat Many Colours xv. 73 The spate of anti-war literature.
(ii) Commonly used in combinations denoting an agent, device, product, etc., that inhibits, limits, or counteracts a condition, effect, etc., as anti-crease, anti-dazzle, anti-drag, anti-fallout, anti-flash, anti-foam, anti-fouling, anti-glare, anti-halation, anti-ice, anti-knock, anti-roll, anti-shrink, anti-skid, anti-spin. Also anti-fat, anti-freeze. For combinations of this type used as ns. (also attrib.) in Biochem., etc., see sense 7 b.
1938Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Yr. 636/2 New permanent finish substances, including anti-crease treatment with synthetic resin materials.
1920Flight XII. 408/1 A large assemblage of cars of all types was brought together..to test a variety of anti-dazzle devices, both British and foreign. 1963Times 7 June 8/4 A two-position anti-dazzle driving mirror.
1918H. J. Stephens Gloss. Aeronaut. Words & Phr. 40 Wires intended mainly to resist forces in the opposite direction to the drag are sometimes called ‘anti-drag wires’.
1962Guardian 9 July 14/3 Anti-fallout pills..are thought to provide a resistance to radioactive iodine in the event of fallout.
1922Encycl. Brit. XXX. 127/2 In order to reduce the flash on discharge of a gun anti-flash charges have been under experiment. 1960Times 10 June 7/7 The wings painted in white anti-flash paint.
1934Webster, Antifoam. 1949H. W. Florey et al. Antibiotics xvii. 695 The synthetic media were much more sensitive to antifoam reagents than corn steep liquor-lactose media.
1913V. B. Lewes Oil Fuel iv. 91 Volatile spirit used in making up anti-fouling compositions.
1930Punch 19 Feb. p. ix, Anti-glare head⁓lamps.
1905Westm. Gaz. 8 Apr. 6/3 Orthochromatic non-curling and anti-halation films. 1959W. S. Sharps Dict. Cinematogr. 77/1 Antihalation layer, the layer interposed between the emulsion and base of film in order to prevent excessive halation.
1935Aircraft Engin. Nov. 279/3 The application of anti-ice dopes..is..hardly a practical solution of the problem.
1921Flight XIII. 412/2 Benzole and similar anti-knock fuels are, however, permitted.
1938Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Yr. 426/1 As a rule, British cars prefer using a harder spring to obtain anti-roll characteristics. 1959Times 16 Jan. 8/1 Her [sc. the liner's] anti-roll stabilisers ensure the utmost comfort at sea.
1946Nature 19 Oct. 554/2 The unshrinkable finish is produced by means which differ from those suggested for the majority of other anti-shrink reagents.
1904Westm. Gaz. 8 Dec. 10/2 A couple of chain bolts broken by catching against an anti-skid appliance had to be replaced.
1941Aeroplane Spotter 29 May 195/3 Should the aeroplane develop a flat spin from which it cannot be pulled out the pilot releases the anti-spin parachute.
¶ Used as ns. (see also sense 6).
1929Encycl. Brit. V. 369 This substance [sc. lead tetra⁓ethyl] is of importance as an ‘anti-knock’ in petrol or gasoline. 1937Times 13 Apr. x/3 About a year ago the regulations to deal with the lighting of road vehicles, and in particular with ‘anti-dazzle’, were issued. 1958Engineering 21 Feb. 253/1 The development of suitable anti-foams to increase the utilisation of coil area of existing plant.
(iii) Employed or used for defence against enemy forces, weapons, etc., as anti-air-raid, anti-airship, anti-ballistic missile (also as n.), anti-gas, anti-missile, anti-personnel (of bombs, mines, etc., designed to kill or injure human beings), anti-satellite, anti-submarine, anti-tank, anti-torpedo (see sense 4 above), anti-U-boat. Also anti-aircraft.
1934J. Hilton Good-bye, Mr. Chips xiv. 95 The anti-air-raid blinds that had to be fitted on all the windows. 1939Ann. Reg. 1938 184 Militia formations for anti-air-raid and coast defence.
1909Times 13 July 13/4 Another ‘Anti-airship’ gun mounted on a motor car is exhibited.
1963Missiles & Rockets 16 Sept. 14/1 The Soviet Union may be developing an anti-ballistic missile system capable of de-activating U.S. missiles in their silos. 1978Bull. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. Feb. 4 The possible use of antiballistic missiles was soon to become a subject of lively debate.
1915Illustr. War News 9 June 40/1 (caption) The anti-gas protective respirators which they are seen wearing. 1940Hutchinson's Pict. Hist. War 7 Aug.—1 Oct. 25 Wearing respirators and anti-gas clothing, men of the Royal Marines engaged in anti-gas training on the West Coast.
1956Anti-missile [see missile n.]. 1962Listener 29 Mar. 546/2 The first-fruits of an anti-missile defence will be to deflect a small proportion of an attack.
1939Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLIII. 909 Anti-personnel bombs must explode as soon as they touch the ground. 1945Lancet 14 July 44/1 Anti-personnel mines are of many types but can be divided into three main groups—the ‘S’ mine, ‘Schu’, and the light Teller anti-tank mine adapted for anti-personnel use.
1961New Scientist 20 July 140/3 To avoid interception and destruction by anti-satellite missiles, Midas III carries a number of small vernier rockets that enable its course to be changed.
1914C. W. Domville-Fife Submarines, Mines & Torpedoes ix, (heading) Anti-Submarine Tactics. 1942Ann. Reg. 1941 272 The anti-submarine net guarding the harbour was open.
1916W. S. Churchill Memorandum 9 Nov. in World Crisis, 1916–18 (1927) ii. 564 Let me point out the need of establishing without delay an Anti-Tank Committee... We ought to have a complete anti-tank outfit by the spring. 1918Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 26 Anti-tank Gun, a gun especially designed and prepared to meet the onrush of the tank or mobile fort. 1944Return to Attack (Army Board, N.Z.) 19/2 Then the staccato bark of the anti-tank guns could be heard as they were turned on the escaping vehicles.
1881Anti-torpedo [see sense 4 above].
1919L. R. Freeman Sea-Hounds ix. 198 Probably some sort of patrol or anti-U-boat worker, for a guess, perhaps, a ‘Q’. 1939War Illustr. 2 Dec. 374/2 Our Navy is stronger. Our anti-U-boat forces are three times as numerous.
¶ For combinations of this type used as ns., see 7 below.
III. Substantives uniform with, or formed on the preceding adjs. and attrib. phrases. Stress not on anti- (anti-Calvinist, anti-fanatic, anti-friction, anti-moralism).
5. Combinations in which anti- is prefixed to a personal appellation, or formed, as synthetic derivatives, on the adjs. and attrib. phrases in II, and used to designate a person or group of people; in -ian, as anti-Arminian, anti-Athenian, anti-authoritarian, anti-churchian, anti-Dominican, anti-puritan, anti-surplician, anti-theologian, anti-utilitarian, etc.; in -ist, as anti-abolitionist, anti-aggressionist, anti-alcoholist, anti-atheist, anti-Bolshevist, anti-Calvinist, anti-classicist, anti-colonialist, anti-episcopist, anti-fascist, anti-fedaralist, anti-Gothicist, anti-humanist, anti-imperialist, anti-Jansenist, anti-materialist, anti-militarist, anti-moralist, anti-pædobaptist, anti-rationalist, anti-revolutionist, anti-royalist, anti-Sophist, anti-suffragist, anti-unionist, anti-vivisectionist, anti-Wycliffist, etc.; with other endings, as anti-ascetic, anti-Blimp, anti-Bolshevik, anti-cheator, anti-covenanter, anti-everything, anti-free-thinker, anti-intellectual, anti-Noahite, anti-Stadtholder, etc.
1835Southern Lit. Messenger I. 772, I am both from conviction and expediency, a decided *anti-abolitionist. 1970J. F. Kirkham et al. Assassination & Polit. Violence iv. 215 Abolitionists used violence to oppose slavery..and anti-abolitionists resorted to violence to support slavery.
1882Sat. Rev. 25 Feb. 225 All *Anti-Aggressionists present and future.
1862Cornh. Mag. VI. 327 Our chemical *Anti-alcoholists.
1882Pall Mall G. 28 Nov. 1 There are *Anti-annexationists in France as there are in England.
1651Baxter Inf. Bapt. 276 The highest *Antiarminian that ever had the happiness to be reputed orthodox.
1827Hare Guesses i. (1873) 261 Neither the ascetics nor the *anti-ascetics seem to be aware that, etc.
1855I. Taylor Restor. Belief (1856) 250 Our hostile friends—the antichristian *anti-atheists.
1849Grote Greece ii. lxi. V. 337 The leading *anti-Athenians in the town.
1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. iii. (1852) 65 Maintained by the *anti-atonementists.
1910Encycl. Brit. I. 916/2 After the names of ‘Federalists’ and ‘*Anti-authoritarians’ had been used for some time by these federations the name of ‘Anarchists’..prevailed.
1662Fuller Worthies ii. 229 (D.) John of Oxford was..a great *Anti-Becketist.
1941‘G. Orwell’ Lion & Unicorn i. 49 The English intellectuals..[were] purely negative creatures, mere *anti-Blimps.
1918New Statesman 28 Dec. 250/1 Even the most enthusiastic of Russian *anti-Bolsheviks would be satisfied.
1921G. B. Shaw Ruskin's Politics 32 Look at all that has been done, not only by Bolshevists, but by *anti-Bolshevists, by ourselves, and by all the belligerents!
1807W. Taylor in Month. Mag. XXIV. 24 Whether Dr. Watkins, or the *Anti-Bucerist, has been the more attentive reader of English ecclesiastical history.
1814Sir R. Wilson Pr. Diary II. 309 An annal which the greatest *anti-Buonapartist ought to respect.
1674Hickman Hist. Quinquart. (ed. 2) 32 The *Anticalvinists or Arminians.
1819(title) *Anti-Cathedralist,—exposition of the impropriety of expending {pstlg}1,000,000 on National Churches.
1655Chym. Med. & Chyrurg. Addr. 65, I have professed myself to be an *Anticheator.
16822nd Plea Nonconf. 49 The Bishops are *Anti-churchians (as against their Congregational Power).
1840Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk. (1872) 38 The *anticlassicists did not arise in France until about 1827.
1956Newsweek 2 Apr. 41/1 Russia's new ‘reasonableness’ appeals to neutralist nations, to hotheaded *anticolonials and, dangerously, to our allies.
1960Times 27 June 13/7 *Anti-colonialists say that the western countries dug themselves in commercially even in Siam.
1939Times 26 Aug. 11/2 It [sc. the Russo-German agreement] has already produced a vigorous protest from Japan, where it is held that the pass has been sold by the leader of the *anti-Cominterns.
1865Pusey Eiren. 358 Probably *Anti-conceptionists will arise.
1865Daily Tel. 9 Nov. 7/4 His place was taken by an *anti-confederationist.
1825Q. Rev. XXXIII. 245 Are the *anti-contagionists ignorant of these facts?
1755Johnson, *Anticourtier, One that opposes the court.
1641Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. 120 To have the tymber maid worke..that perteinit to Mr. James Scott, *ante-covenanter. 1649Milton Eikon. xiv. (1851) 448 How to be a Covnanter and Anticovnanter, how at once to be a Scot, and an Irish Rebell.
1855I. Taylor Restor. Belief (1856) 119 This *anticynic was too thoroughly cynical in soul and temper.
1751Chambers Cycl., *Antiadiaphorists..the rigid Lutherans who disavowed the episcopal jurisdiction, and many of the church-ceremonies, retained by the moderate Lutherans.
1640Ld. Digby in Rushw. Hist. Coll. iii. (1692) I. 35 An Argument..against *Antidisciplinarians, to stop their mouths withal.
1680Spir. Popery 33 No society of Anti-scripturists, Antitrinitarians..*Antidominicans (for I will not call them Antisabbatarians) Antipædobaptists, Antiepiscoparians of what Denomination soever.
1659Gauden Tears of Ch. 283 (D.) The *Antidominicarians [might deny and overthrow] the Lords day.
1640Bp. Hall Episcop. ii. §20. 200 What noyse is this I hear from our *Antepiscopists? 1659Gauden Tears of Ch. 603 (D.) Of Episcopacy and *Anti-episcopalists.
1848O. W. Holmes in Poems (1851) 253 Lean, hungry, savage, *anti-everythings.
1882Pall Mall G. 16 May 3 Not a single one..ventured to declare himself an *anti-evolutionist.
1660Milton Griffiths' Serm. Wks. 1851, 390 What Phanatic..could more presumptuously affirm whom the Comforter hath impowr'd, than this *Antifanatic, as he would be thought?
1926Sat. Rev. 28 Aug. 228/1 Up to October, 1920, I have found the names of thirty-three *anti-Fascists who were killed by the Fascists.
1789T. Jefferson Writ. II. 574 A vast majority of *anti-federalists have got into the Assembly of Virginia.
1851E. B. Eastwick Dry Leaves (ed. 3) xi. 186 All mere outward show!—says *Anti-formalist, who wears his hat in church, and talks during divine service louder than the minister. 1936Mind XLV. 272 Lesńiewski, an anti-formalist who has constructed a complete system of the foundations of mathematics.
1871Fraser Berkeley iii. 58 He appears as a free-thinking *Anti-free-thinker.
1662Fuller Worthies ii. 450 (D.) The *anti-Friarists maintaining that such were Rogues.
1867Barry Sir C. Barry ix. 317 M. Hittorf is clearly a strong *Anti-Gothicist.
1741–70Mrs. Carter Lett. (1808) 163 As soon as these *antiharmonists would consent to part with their card tables, we had a dance.
1640Bp. Hall Episc. i. §11 39 This great *Antihierarchist.
1937J. Orr tr. I. Iordan's Introd. Romance Ling. iv. 299 Such comparatists and *anti-historicists as Gilliéron and Vossler.
1904W. James in Mind XIII. 466 This is just another of those objections by which the *anti-humanists show their own comparatively slack hold on the realities of the situation.
1840Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk. (1872) 38 Your humble servant and other *anti-humbuggists.
1898Westm. Gaz. 17 Dec. 1/3 The antithesis between imperialists and *anti-imperialists.
1870Eng. Mech. 14 Jan. 422/2 Baker's *anti-incrustator for steam boilers.
1824Bentham Bk. Fallac. Wks. 1843 II. 421 Is the *anti-innovationist mute? No.
1827Whately Logic (1837) 249 The stronghold of bigoted *anti-innovators.
1937V. Gollancz in ‘G. Orwell’ Road to Wigan Pier p. xviii, Mr. Orwell..is at one and the same time an extreme intellectual and a violent *anti-intellectual.
1751Jortin Eccles. Hist. (1773) I. 158 The *Anti-Jansenists of the church of Rome.
1806W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. IV. 713 The whole tribe of *Anti-jesuits.
1916J. R. Harris & Burch Testimonies i. 49 It is a very favourite quotation with the earlier *anti-Judaics.
1603J. Davies Microcosm. 72 (D.) Mortal plagues to ev'ry Publike-weall; Right *anti-Kesars vndermyning thrones.
1882Sun 14 May 6/5 The *anti-lacrossers cheered.
1659Gauden Tears of Ch. 91 (D.) Our late *anti-liturgists thought forms of prayer might do well at sea.
1855Milman Lat. Chr. xiv. iii. IX. 134 No Eastern *Anti-materialist ever guarded the primal Godhead more zealously.
1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) IV. 144 If she make a private purse, which we are told by *anti-matrimonialists, all wives love to do.
1948L. Spitzer Ling. & Lit. Hist. i. 15 The *antimentalists who would suppress all expressions of opposition to their theories.
1896Academy 1 Aug. 77/1 We godless ones and *anti-metaphysicians. 1941Mind L. 187 The reactionary anti-metaphysician is primarily a reactionary in science and only secondarily a reactionary in metaphysics.
1905Daily Chron. 27 Dec. 1/7 The trial of twenty-eight *anti-militarists was begun yesterday in Paris.
1790Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem. I. 169 The *antiministerialists began now to perceive, etc.
1809Southey in Q. Rev. I. 224 The *Anti-missionaries cull out from their journals and letters all that is ridiculous.
1809― ibid. I. 223 This madman, as it pleases the *anti-missioners to call him.
1824Coleridge Aids to Refl. (1848) I. 106 In opposition to Hobbes and the *anti-moralists.
1938Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Yr. 193/2 With Hitler's coming into power in Germany in 1933..the conflict between the Nazis and the *anti-Nazis in Danzig increased.
1810Lamb Lett. i. (1841) 84 Hang temperance and he that first invented it!—some *Anti-Noahite.
1759Sterne Tr. Shandy (1802) IV. 36 He can do nothing, replied the *Antinosarians.
1882St. James's Gaz. 17 Mar. 5 The *anti-opiumists..must ask for the absolute prohibition..of opium culture.
1882Glasg. News No. 2610. 4/2 Allegations made by the *anti-opiumites.
1651Baxter Inf. Bapt. 173 He might have called us *Anti-pædobaptists, as being against Infant-Baptism.
1703E. Stephens Dealings R.C. Mission. 2 That the root of all our confusions and troubles did proceed from two opposite factions, of Papists and *Anti⁓papists.
1830Edin. Rev. LI. 297 Hear, ye political economists and *anti-populationists!
1677Gale Crt. Gentiles III. 214 We now procede to lay down the proper antithesis of the *Antipredeterminants.
1682H. More Annot. Glanvill's Lux Orient. 14 This *Anti-Pre-existentiary is such a Trifler.
1789Huber in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1861) II. 326 One of the clergy, a curate, strong *anti-prelate.
1673Baxter Answ. Dodwell 91 The *Antiprelatists..such as Beza, Gerson.
1650J. Cotton Sing. Psalms 2 There be some *Anti-psalmists, who doe not acknowledge any singing at all with the voyce in the New Testament.
a1790T. Warton Milton's Smaller P. 501 (T.) Samuel Parker..now an *anti-puritan in the extreme.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., The rigid Calvinists..are denominated *Anti-rationalists.
1831Syd. Smith Wks. 1859 II. 219/1 The *Anti-Reformers cite the increased power of the press. 1852Sir W. Hamilton Discuss. 436 English Bishops have been always anti-reformers.
1847Secr. Soc. Mid. Ages 267 The good old argument of *Anti-reformists, ‘It works well.’
1898Westm. Gaz. 26 Oct. 7 In view of probable trouble between revisionists and *anti-revisionists.
1828J. S. Mill in Westm. Rev. IX. 272 The marquis de Ferrières,..a decided royalist and *anti-revolutionist. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. iii. i. i. 133 Cashier of all the Anti-revolutionists of the interior.
1860W. G. Clark Vac. Tour. 72 Whether ardent *anti-romanists are wise in advocating the abolition of the temporal power.
1627Sibthorpe Apost. Obed. 16 To make use of *anti-royalists. 1648Prynne Plea for Lords 25 The Duke of Gloucester..was the principall Anti-royalist.
1855Milman Lat. Chr. ix. viii. V. 383 The simple *antisacerdotalists..repudiated the authority of the clergy.
1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. ii. 35 Crellius, the most subtle and elaborate of all the *anti-satisfactionists.
1806W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. IV. 110 These *anti-savages sell their farms..to European emigrants.
1890W. James Princ. Psychol. II. xx. 252 A thorough⁓going *anti-sensationalist.
1850Grote Greece ii. lxvii. VIII. 546 Sokrates deserves our admiration..not indeed as an *anti-Sophist.
1940Tablet 4 May 419/2 That is why..a sop was conveniently thrown to the *anti-Soviets over the mysterious affair of the Soviet Embassy's plain language telegram.
1753Hanway Trav. (1762) II. i. ix. 50 The *anti-stadtholders, who wish to see the prince pulled out of his seat.
1940N. & Q. CLXXIX. 181/1 *Anti-Stratfordians either do not make themselves acquainted with the facts recently discovered, or, knowing them, give them no place in their arguments concerning the authorship of the plays.
1897Westm. Gaz. 7 July 1/2 We might have supposed that some satanic *anti-suffragist had contrived this thing.
1813Month. Mag. XXXVI. 138 Selden was evidently an *anti-supernaturalist.
1842–4Barham in Life II. ix. 139, I as one of the *anti-surplicians.
1878N. Amer. Rev. CXXVII. 306 Theologians and *anti-theologians may argue the matter as they will.
1869Eng. Mech. 24 Sept. 13/1 The *anti-tobacconists..attributing it to excess of smoking.
1959Times 3 June 8/6 *Anti-Uglies at Peacehaven.
1803W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. I. 282 The success of the *anti-unionists in the House of Commons.
1865Mill Exam. Hamilton's Philos. 507 It is indifferent whether we are utilitarians or *anti-utilitarians.
1883Daily Tel. 20 June 6/8 The *anti-vaccinationists will find it a difficult task to refute the statement.
1869Eng. Mech. 8 Oct. 74/3 The *anti-vaccinators..[are] in a minority.
1822Blackw. Mag. XII. 786 [He] treated with utter scorn..every hint of the *anti-vaccinist.
1882Bp. Goodwin in Macm. Mag. XLV. 468 The extravagant views..of the extreme *anti-vivisectionists. 1908Practitioner LXXXI. 479 Hostile agitation of the anti-vivisectionists.
1889G. B. Shaw in Star 29 Nov. 2/4 He is by no means an *anti-Wagnerite.
1662Fuller Worthies ii. 297 (D.) John of Milverton..was a great *Anti-Wiccliffist.
1711Shaftesbury Charac. (1732) I. 91 What shou'd we say to one of these *anti-zealots, who, in the zeal of such a cool philosophy, shou'd assure us, etc.
¶ As combinations of the type antichristian, anti-Catholic, in which the preceding sense originated, were originally adjs. used substantively, so those of the type anti-Jesuit, anti-Calvinist, properly substantives, are occasionally used adjectively or attributively as anti-capitalist, anti-colonialist, anti-Communist, anti-Fascist, anti-historicist, anti-humanist, anti-imperialist, anti-intellectualist, anti-materialist, anti-militarist, anti-revisionist, anti-sensationalist, anti-substantialist, anti-terrorist, anti-vaccinist; at other times an adj. ending is added, as the anti-Stadtholderian faction. Also antisocialist.
1862Sat. Rev. XIII. 648/1 This year's division list..showed the *anti-abolitionist party in a majority.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 492/1 It was not a phase of the *anti-capitalist movement. 1949I. Deutscher Stalin iii. 56 A ‘bourgeois’ (that is anti-feudal, but not anti-capitalist) revolution.
1955Times 5 July 9/5 The Americans, who proclaim their *anti-colonialist spirit, are nevertheless paving the way for the British. 1958Ann. Reg. 1957 179 Anti-colonialist speeches were made by a number of delegates and..resolutions were approved in which Western imperialism was condemned in all its forms.
1934Webster, *Anti-communist. 1938Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Yr. 171/2 In 1936 an ‘Anti-Communist Pact’ was formed by Germany and Japan, and in Nov. 1937 this was joined by Italy.
1927M. W. Davis Pol. Handbk. Europe 57 National Union Party: An *anti-Fascist organization. 1938Ann. Reg. 1937 238 The loss of Málaga, due in no small measure..to the lack of cohesion between the anti-Fascist elements in the city.
1945Popper Open Society 201 From the *anti-historicist point of view, the question [whether the state originates through a conquest] is of no great importance.
1930H. Crane Let. 8 June (1965) 352 The *anti-humanist symposium.
1908T. Roosevelt Let. 4 Mar. (1919) 222 This ought to be read before all the..*anti-imperialist societies of the present day. 1937E. Snow Red Star over China i. 20 Were the [Chinese] Reds really anti-imperialist? 1952C. P. Blacker Eugenics 276 The democratic anti-imperialist front.
1871Sat. Rev. 29 Apr. 529 The *anti-infallibilist priests and laymen of the diocese.
1907W. James Pragmatism ii. 54 All these..are *anti-intellectualist tendencies.
1890W. B. Yeats Let. to K. Tynan 28 Feb. (1953) 111 An article on Blake and his *anti-materialist Art.
1905Daily Chron. 27 Dec. 5/6 *Anti-militarist placards.
1883Harper's Mag. Jan. 315/2 A manifesto issued by the *Anti-Nihilist League.
1845R. Hamilton Pop. Educ. viii. 190 The Congregationalist and the *Anti-paedobaptist Denominations.
1845Carlyle Cromwell (1871) I. 103 To the horror of all *Anti-papist men.
1870Lowell Among my Bks. i. (1873) 325 These *anti-patriot flings of Lessing.
1881Mrs. Praed Policy & Pass. I. 303 The wives of the *Anti-Railwayist Faction were decorously triumphant.
1866Ch. Times 3 Feb., The *anti-reformist clergy.
1898Westm. Gaz. 26 Oct. 1/2 No such deadly blow could have been aimed at the Government by any open opponent of revision as this..open avowal of *anti-revisionist faith. 1931Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Jan. 52/2 The Church, which was anti-revisionist. 1964Ann. Reg. 1963 209 In the Communist Parties..pro-Chinese members broke away to form anti-revisionist groups.
1890W. James Princ. Psychol. II. xvii. 9 Such passages as the following abound in *anti-sensationalist literature: ‘Sense is a kind of dull, confused, and stupid perception obtruded upon the soul from without.’
1765Ann. Reg. 65/2 The *antistadtholderian faction in Holland.
1882W. James in Princeton Rev. July 62 *Anti-substantialist writers strangely overlook this function in the doctrine of substance. 1945Mind LIV. 214, I do, in fact, like all positivists, hold views..greatly influenced by the anti-substantialist analyses of Berkeley and Hume.
1811W. Taylor in Month. Mag. XXXI. 6 The *anti-supernaturalist christianity of..Eichhorn.
1949Koestler Promise & Fulfilment viii. 95 Specially picked *anti-terrorist Haganah squads. 1976Scotsman 15 Dec. 6/5 A senior officer of Rome's anti-terrorist police squad today narrowly escaped an assassination attempt.
1898Daily News 20 Apr. 4/7 The *anti-vaccinist agitation.
6. Names of things of same form as the attrib. phrases in 4:
a. of systems, etc., as anti-bibliolatry, anti-bigotry, anti-fouling, anti-popery, anti-restoration, anti-romance, anti-slavery, anti-vivisection;
b. of material agents or appliances, as anti-ferment; anti-erysipelas, a plant so named from its use; anti-huff, a substance used to adulterate cheese; also anti-attrition, -corrosion, -friction, -macassar, q.v.;
c. anti-horse, anti-human, etc., applied to, or pertaining to, an anti-serum prepared from the blood serum of the animal specified;
d. of material agents that counteract or inhibit the effect of another substance; in Biochem., spec. a substance that is an antibody (to the antigen to which it corresponds). Examples: anti-auxin, anti-cholinesterase, anti-coagulin, anti-enzyme, anti-hormone, anti-metabolite, anti-prothrombin, anti-streptolysin, anti-thrombin, anti-trypsin, anti-virus, anti-vitamin. Also antitoxin; cf. antibody. Hence the names of specific agglutinins present in blood serum, as anti-A, anti-B, anti-globulin, anti-Rh(esus); also antihistamine, anti-serum. (See also sense 4 ¶ .)
1929O. C. W. Prausnitz Standardisation Therapeutic Sera 51 The designation [of diagnostic sera] should also indicate the blood corpuscle groups with which they reacted, thus: ‘Test serum A (anti-B)’ and ‘Test serum B (*anti-A)’. 1932L. W. H. Bertie tr. L. Lattes's Individuality of Blood i. 17 The corresponding agglutinins are denoted by ‘anti-A’ and ‘anti-B’ respectively. 1955Sci. News Let. 4 June 361/3 They can prevent the tar-extract effect on plants by adding a recently-discovered plant hormone, *antiauxin, to the tar at the time of application. The antiauxin is a crystalline substance extracted from the leaves of plants which are in flower. 1961Brit. Med. Dict. 55/1 Anti-A, or α, agglutinin, the agglutinin in the serum corresponding to the agglutinogen A with which it will combine, causing clumping and haemolysis of the erythrocytes containing the latter... Anti-B, or β, agglutinin.
1824Coleridge Aids to Refl. (1848) I. 122 Charged with Popish principles on account of their *anti-bibliolatry.
1851Carlyle Sterling iii. iv. (1872) 204 An amount of..liberal *antibigotry that would surprise many.
1951Dorland's Med. Dict. (ed. 22) 106/2 *Anti⁓cholinesterase, a substance which inhibits the action of cholinesterase. 1951Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. LXXVI. 427/1 Phosphorus-containing anticholinesterase agents are currently in use in this country as agricultural insecticides.
1905Gould Dict. New Med. Terms 80/1 *Anticoagulin, a substance formed in the body antagonistic in its action to that of a coagulin. 1952New Biol. XIII. 86 The saliva [of the bed-bug] contains an anticoagulin which prevents the blood from clotting and so facilitates its passage through the narrow feeding channel.
1903Lancet 4 Apr. 946/1 The human stomach wall contains an *anti-enzyme to its own ferment. 1958Times 5 July 10/7 A group of patients who have been operated on for cancer of the bladder are now being given this anti-enzyme substance, in the hope that it may reduce the chance of new tumours developing.
1714Phil. Trans. XXIX. 63 A Plant efficacious in curing Inflammations, whence they call it *Antierisypelas.
1876Harley Mat. Med. 160 Dose.—½ to 1 drachm as *antiferment.
1869E. J. Reed Iron-Clad Ships iv. 78 The superiority in point of *anti-fouling possessed by copper-sheathed wood ships.
1909Cent. Dict. Suppl., *Anti-globulin. 1956Nature 18 Feb. 329/2 Antiglobulin sera obtained by our technique contain antibodies against globulin denatured on the surface of red cells as a result of antigen-antibody reaction.
1934F. E. D'Amour et al. in Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. XXXII. 192 It seemed to us desirable to investigate the possibility of *anti-hormone production against estrin. 1940Biol. Rev. XV. 27 The antihormones are specific in so far as, for instance, antigonadotrophic hormone does not antagonize the action of the thyrotrophic hormone and vice versa. 1949I. F. & W. D. Henderson Dict. Sci. Terms (ed. 4) 26/2 Antihormones, substances which prevent the effect of hormones; chalones.
1909W. D'Este Emery Immunity & Specific Therapy xi. 317 The symptoms are present when not the slightest trace of *antihorse precipitin is demonstrable. 1964M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) vii. 75 The horse-serum compound described above evokes the production of some anti-horse-serum antibodies in the rabbit.
1881Times 19 Feb. 5/3 [Cheese] is adulterated..by a commodity called *anti-huff.
1906Practitioner Dec. 754 A powerful *anti-human serum may be injected intravascularly in man without necessarily producing the serum disease. 1946Nature 5 Oct. 486/2 It was decided to find out if the test would give positive results only with rabbit anti-human serum, and not with rabbit anti-sera prepared with the serum of various animals.
1947Dorland's Med. Dict. (ed. 21) 120/2 *Antimetabolite, a closely similar but inactive compound which tends to replace an essential metabolite. 1956Nature 14 Jan. 59/2 The abortifacient action of certain anti-metabolites which are related to nucleic acid metabolism.
1930Chem. Abstr. 422 (title) Anti-complementary action of *antiprothrombin.
1879G. Scott Archit. I. 177 In these days of *anti-restoration.
1941Landsteiner & Wiener in Jrnl. Exp. Med. LXXIV. 310 The serum of these patients contained *anti-Rh iso⁓agglutinins.
Ibid. 309 Certain *anti-rhesus immune sera contain agglutinins specific for the human agglutinogen M.
a1842Arnold in Life I. 344 A man infected with the disorder of *anti-romance.
1951Dorland's Med. Dict. (ed. 23) 1184/1 Rh *antiserums (anti-Rh serums), human serums containing Rh antibodies... Rho is also the original Rh factor discovered by Landsteiner and Wiener with the aid of immune anti-rhesus serum produced in animals.
1936Stedman Med. Dict. (ed. 13) 71/2 *Antistreptolysin. 1949New Gould Med. Dict. 79/2 Antistreptolysin, an antibody which operates against the hemotoxin of hemolytic streptococci.
1909Cent. Dict. Suppl., *Antithrombin. 1910Encycl. Brit. IV. 82/2 The body has been found to possess the power of making a substance, antithrombin, which can combine with thrombin forming a substance which is quite inactive as far as clotting is concerned.
1905Jrnl. Physiol. XXXII. 394 The mixture of trypsin and *antitrypsin is kept at first at a low temperature. 1913Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 7), Antitrypsin, an antibody of blood-serum having an inhibitive action on trypsin.
1927H. Plotz tr. A. Besredka's Local Immunization 53 The other [substance] is atoxic, thermostable..and antagonizes the former substance. For convenience, we will call this substance, ‘*antivirus’. 1949H. W. Florey Antibiotics I. i. 45 Artificial immunity could be conferred locally on tissues by the use of what he termed an ‘antivirus’, which was prepared from old broth cultures of bacteria.
1942Chem. Abstr. 5503 It is suggested that heated fats contain an *antivitamin A of undet[ermine]d nature. 1948Sci. News VII. 56 Many substances are now known which antagonise the action of certain of the vitamins... These ‘anti-vitamins’ may occur in natural foodstuffs. 1948Ibid. 67 A true anti-vitamin effect is shown by the fact that feeding nicotinic acid to the mice overcomes the deleterious action of the 3-acetyl-pyridine.
1881Times 18 Nov., Ladies..interested in *anti-vivisection.
7. Abstract substantives, formed on the adjs. in 3, phrases in 4, or ns. in 5–6, chiefly in -ism, as anti-anthropomorphism (opposition to anthropomorphic principles), anti-Arminianism, anti-atheism, anti-authoritarianism, anti-Bolshevism, anti-Calvinism, anti-capitalism, anti-colonialism, anti-Communism, anti-Darwinism, anti-egotism, anti-Fascism, anti-foreignism, anti-Germanism, anti-ghostism (opposition to belief in ghosts), anti-historicism, anti-imperialism, anti-intellectualism, anti-militarism, anti-nationalism, anti-negroism (opposition to Negroes), anti-nominalism, anti-pewism, anti-pragmatism, anti-rationalism, anti-revolutionism, anti-sensationalism, anti-slaveryism, anti-turnpikism, anti-Wagnerism, anti-westernism. Also anti-Americanism, anti-clericalism.
1846Sara Coleridge Mem. & Lett. II. 91 For other such *anti-anthropomorphisms my father has been set a mark against.
1674Hickman Hist. Quinquart. (ed. 2) 169 If this be not Calvinism and *Antiarminianism, I know not what is.
1939I. Berlin K. Marx ix. 203 The Swiss, Italian and Belgian sections [of the First International], bred on the *anti-authoritarianism of Proudhon and Bakunin.
1919G. B. Shaw Heartbreak House p. xliv, By..calling the process *anti-Bolshevism.
1674Hickman Hist. Quinquart. (ed. 2) 217 We have found *Anti-calvinism discountenanced by the Church, in Queen Elizabeth's Reign.
1934Webster, *Anticapitalism. 1940B. Ward Russian Foreign Policy 4 The old fear of encirclement reappeared in the disguise of anti-capitalism.
1955Ann. Reg. 1954 97 This cloud was the advent of the ‘quit Africa’ policy of *anti-colonialism.
1927New Statesman 21 May 174/2 There seems to be an attempt to create a big issue of Communism versus *anti-Communism.
1840Syd. Smith Lett. No. 438 That dreadful sin of *anti-egotism.
1923Time 19 May 11/1 *Anti-Fascism. 1958Listener 23 Oct. 656/2 The anti-fascism of the nineteen-thirties.
1926British Weekly 18 Nov. 203/2 The bloodshed of May 30 in Shanghai carried *anti-foreignism to fever heat throughout the country.
1910Daily Chron. 9 Apr. 1/3 For Great Britain *anti-Germanism is not merely a matter of ill-temper..nor even of dogma, but a view of world affairs which has grown up on historical and religious grounds. 1965New Statesman 27 Aug. 281/2 Anti-Germanism in Britain is largely a prejudice of the middle-aged, the middle class and the intellectuals.
1819Coleridge Rem. (1836) II. 213 Hume..could not but have had faith in this ghost..let his *anti-ghostism have been as strong as Samson.
1943Jrnl. Hist. Ideas IV. 431 The *anti-historicism of Descartes and Malebranche expresses itself also in the fact that they failed to realize another essential aspect of history, namely, its social and cumulative character.
1899Daily News 30 May 5/5 They champion *anti-Imperialism, free silver, and the rest of the doctrines dear to the Populists.
1909*Anti-intellectualism [see fideism]. 1921M. Ginsberg Psychol. of Society iii. 35 This anti-intellectualism is really open to much the same sort of objections as the ‘intellectualism’ which it attacks.
1906J. Joyce Let. 19 Aug. (1966) II. 151 He was ridiculing..*antimilitarism. 1907Daily Chron. 16 Sept. 4/6 Socialists are entitled to say that Socialism is not anti-nationalism, anti-militarism in M. Hervé's sense, nor anti-patriotism.
1812Coleridge Rem. (1836) I. 349 The *anti⁓moralism of Paley. 1851Sara Coleridge Mem. & Lett. II. 434 The irrationality and antimoralism..involved in the popular religion.
1906Daily Chron. 29 Sept. 5/7 The danger..was the growth of a spirit of what he could only call *anti-nationalism.
1863E. Swifte N. & Q. Ser. iii. IV. 264 With veritable Northern *anti-negroism.
1897W. James Let. 22 Dec. in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) II. 419 *Anti-nominalism, categories [etc.]. 1960Encounter Mar. 41/1 The two lines of anti-nominalism meet..in French existentialism.
1652Tombes (title) *Anti-Pædo-Baptism. 1795P. Edwards (title) Candid reasons for renouncing the principles of Antipedo-baptism.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. v. vii. II. 330 Denouncing *Anti-patriotism.
1865Ch.-man 14 Dec. 1405/2 *Anti-pewism has come out against Protestantism.
1907W. James in Jrnl. Philos. IV. 465 If that be my friend Pratt's definition of a pragmatist, I can only concur with his *antipragmatism.
1909A. O. Lovejoy Let. 27 Aug. in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) II. 595, I mean the extreme of *anti-rationalism to which the book gives expression. 1936Mind XLV. 272 By anti-rationalism is meant the rejection of any form of mystical intuition.
1855H. Spencer Psychol. vii. xix. II. 491 *Anti-Realism..is open to the fatal criticism.
1930*Anti-revolutionism [see anti-Westernism below].
1702Lond. Gaz. mmmdcccxvii/4 *Anti-Scepticism.
1909W. James Pluralistic Universe vii. 277 To say nothing of your traditional Oxford devotion to Aristotle and Plato, the leaven of T. H. Green probably works still too strongly here for his *anti-sensationalism to be outgrown quickly.
1863E. Dicey Federal States II. 188 Moderate *anti-slaveryism is obviously the correct thing.
1814W. Taylor in Month. Rev. LXXIII. 66 The established Church of Prussia now teaches *anti-supernaturalism from the pulpit.
1856Smyth Rom. Fam. Coins 191 The *anti⁓teetotalism of this stern reprover of others.
1843Miall Nonconf. III. 446 The potentiality of *antiturnpikeism is proclaimed.
1895G. B. Shaw Sanity of Art (1908) 33 The huge blunder of *anti-Wagnerism.
1930L. Fischer Soviets in World Affairs II. xvii. 535 The elements of his credo were monarchy, anti-revolutionism and *anti-Westernism. 1959Economist 14 Feb. 569/1 They have exploited Afro-Asian anti-westernism.
¶ Examples of the purposes to which anti- has been put are seen in the following:—anti-contagious-diseasist, anti-gigman-ic, anti-money-an, anti-pent-agonist, anti-philippizing, anti-street-musical, anti-tintinnabularian (an enemy of bells), anti-tobacconal.
1880W. Wren in Daily News 28 Jan. 2/4 The Local Optionists, the *Anti-contagious-Diseasists.
1831Carlyle in Froude Life II. 156 My visit to London is *antigigmanic from heart to skin.
1683Lond. Gaz. mdccclxxxiii/4 A Confutation of the Whiggish Conspirators *Anti-Mony-an Principle.
1642Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig. xvi. 74 The point already warme between a reverend..Bishop and his *Anti-pent-agonists.
1853Grote Greece ii. xc. XI. 617 Hegesippus, a strenuous *antiphilippising politician.
1865Pall Mall G. 10 June 9 Mr. Mansfield, who has always been *anti-street-musical, sentenced them to pay a fine of 40s.
1818J. H. Frere Whistlecr. Nat. Poem iii. xxxi, A prudent monk, their reader and librarian..Himself an *anti-tintinnabularian.
1862Cornh. Mag. VI. 613 Excessive smoking is carried to a pitch that would make the hair of any *anti-tobacconal stand on end with horror.
IV. With reduplication of the prefix. Also anti-anti used absol.
1896W. E. Gladstone in Daily News 29 May 6 Of course, I am strongly anti-anti-Semitism. 1900Beerbohm Around Theatres (1924) I. 182, I gave them [i.e. my reasons] merely because they will explain equally why a play ought not to end on a high note, and will thus confute the anti-anticlimax party. 1951R. Campbell Light on Dark Horse xiv. 200, I was dumbfounded by this anti-anticlimax, if I may coin such a word. 1953Times 7 Dec. 24 A well-worn anti-anti-Communist technique; he denounced..Brownell's handling of the White case as ‘McCarthyism’. 1961New Statesman 25 Aug. 234/2 It is not Communism that has been preoccupying Senators of the far right lately, but something called ‘anti-anti-Communism’, a barbarism coined by the intellectual wing of the McCarthy movement. 1962New Scientist 15 Mar. 607/1 The weapons..include..anti-missile and anti-satellite missiles, ‘anti-antis’ and decoys. Ibid. 22 Mar. 677 (caption) Satellite bombers..‘antis’ and ‘anti-antis’. Ibid. 677/1 There is every prospect of a major arms race in space, with the development of a variety of ‘anti’ and ‘anti-anti’ devices.
▸ anti-globalization n. opposition to the increase in global power and influence of multinational companies and industrialized nations, considered as harmful to developing nations and to the environment; freq. attrib.
1995Alternatives (Nexis) Apr. 39 Global Visions is most remarkable not for the differences of opinion it presents (there is little: *anti-globalization appears unfamiliarly hegemonic here), but for the refreshing plurality of its voices. 2002U.S. News & World Rep. 11 Feb. 38/1 Antiglobalization demonstrators limited their street protests, while sharing doubts at seminars elsewhere in the city and in a countermeeting in Brazil.
▪ II. anti- prefix2
A variant of ante- ‘before,’ being the form in It. and OFr., and occasionally in L., hence sometimes also in Eng. in words from these, as antibrachial, anticamera, antichamber, anticipate. |