| 释义 |
melancholic, a. and n.|mɛlənˈkɒlɪk|
Forms: 4–5 malencolik, -colyk, malancolike, melancolyk, -colik, 6 -ic, -yk(e, -cholyke, -chollike, 6–7 -cholik(e, -icke, -ique, 7 -chollique, 7– melancholic.
[ad. late L. melancholicus, a. Gr. µελαγχολικός, f. µελαν- black + χολή bile: see melancholy and -ic. Cf. F. mélancolique (from 14th c.), Pr. melancolic, Sp. melancólico, Pg. melancolico, It. melancolico, malinconico; also G. melancholisch.]
A. adj.
†1. Pertaining to or containing ‘melancholy’ or ‘black bile’; atrabilious. Of food, atmospheric or planetary influences, etc.: Tending to produce ‘melancholy’ or atrabilious disorder. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 517 Manye Engendred of humour malencolik. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. lxiv. (1495) 281 Somtyme lepra comyth of euyll dyete as Melancolyk meete to colde and drye. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1071 All suche byrdes ben of nature melancolyke. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 61 The..northin vynd..is cald and dry, of ane melancolic natur. c1550Lloyd Treas. Health L viij, Much melancholyke bloud conteynyd in the lyuer. 1578Lyte Dodoens 377 All diseases springing of melancholique, adust, and salt humours. 1631Widdowes Nat. Philos. 10 Hee is a Planet masculine, of cold and dry nature, therefore melancholicke.
2. Of persons, their attributes, actions, etc.
†a. Having the atrabiliar temperament or constitution (obs.).
b. Constitutionally liable to (formerly also, † affected with) melancholy or depression of spirits; gloomy, depressed, melancholy.
† melancholic gentleman: see melancholy a. 6 (quot. 1629).
a1400Lydg. Isopus 61 (Zupitza) By whyche he [the cock] haþe.. corage and hardynes, And of hys berde melancolyk felnes. c1430― Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 197 Malencolik of his complexioun. 1471Caxton Recuyell (ed. Sommer) 105 He..becam all melancolik with out takyng Ioye ne plaisir in ony thyng that he sawe. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 125 King Canutus..departed all wroth and melancholike into Denmark. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. vi. §386 No man had more melancholic apprehensions of the issue of the war. 1693Congreve Old Bach. iii. x, I am melancholic when thou art absent. 1708Gay Wine 60 In melancholic mood Joyless he wastes in sighs the lazy hours. 1717Prior Alma i. 210 Just as the melancholic eye Sees fleets and armies in the sky. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. I. x. 362 ‘Religion’, said the melancholic Norton, ‘admits of no eccentric motions’. 1900Morley Cromwell i. 15 Oliver was of the melancholic temperament.
transf.1612Webster White Devil F 4, And like your melancholike hare Feed after midnight.
absol.1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits (1616) 148 He..was not verie prompt of speech, which Aristotle affirmeth to be a propertie of the melancholicke by adustation.
†3. Resulting from, or of the nature of, ‘melancholy’ or atrabilious disorder. Obs.
1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. iii. (1682) 188 He contracted some melancholick distempers. 1683Salmon Doron Med. i. ix. 61 In melancholick Tumors.
†4. Causing melancholy or depression of spirits; saddening. Obs.
1612Webster White Devil H 4, The blacke, and melancholicke Eugh-tree. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 83 Keeping time with the melancholicke musicke. 1693Dryden Let. 30 Aug., Pr. Wks. 1800 I. ii. 28, I was tempted to it, by the melancholique prospect I had of it. 1723Mather Vind. Bible 360 No public sorrow should be expressed on so melancholick an occasion. 1812G. Chalmers Dom. Econ. Gt. Brit. 139 Such is the melancholic picture.
†5. Expressive of melancholy or sadness. Obs.
1671Milton Samson Introd., In Physic, things of melancholic hue and quality are us'd against melancholy. 1757E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances (1767) II. 295, I wrote a long, and of course, a melancholic letter to you.
6. In mod. use: Pertaining to, or affected with, melancholia.
1866W. H. O. Sankey Lect. Mental Dis. iii. 74 The case, commencing by a melancholic stage,..the melancholic and maniacal symptoms blend in different cases.
B. n.
1.
†a. One who is affected with mental depression or sadness (obs.).
b. One suffering from melancholia; = melancholiac n.
1586Bright Melancholy xxxix. 256 With such like ornament of iewell as agreeth with the habilitie and calling of the melancholicke. 1645Rutherford Tryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 394 The Soul..is put to silence before God, and sitteth alone, as melancholics do. 1681Glanvill Sadducismus (1682) Ded., The discontented Paradox of a melancholick, vext, and of mean condition. 1755Man No. 29. 3 Two famous sects of philosophers, which..still continue to divide the world into melancholics, and men of pleasure. 1870H. Maudsley Body & Mind 95 Should he do injury to himself or others, as hypochondriacal melancholics sometimes do. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 371 One melancholic swam across a canal to throw himself under a train.
†2. Used by Clarendon for: Depression of spirits, melancholy. Obs.
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. §62 He continued in this melancholic and discomposure of mind many days. a1674― Life ii. (1759) 69 My Condition..will very well justify the Melancholick that, I confess to you, possesses me.
Hence † melanˈcholical a., melancholy; melanˈcholically adv., in a melancholy manner.
1657Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 115 Which purge and move melancholicall succe. 1882B. Nicholson in N. Shaks. Soc. Trans. 349 He..became melancholicaly mad immediately on the shock of these revelations. 1889Harper's Mag. Apr. 767/2 Its walls of rammed clay frittering away melancholically in the sun. |