| 释义 |
mastership|ˈmɑːstəʃɪp|
Forms: see master n.1 and -ship.
[Cf. G. meisterschaft.]
1. The condition of being a master or ruler; dominion, rule, ascendancy, control.
1387–8T. Usk Test. Love ii. iii. (Skeat) l. 40 Whan these sely women..beleven your wordes..than graunt[en] they to you their hertes,..wherthrough their liberte in maystreship that they toforn had is thralled. c1440Alph. Tales 248 Þer þe son hathe a reule, or a maistershupp, or a gouernans abown þe fadur. 1548Patten Exp. Scot. Pref. b vij, Yet seke we not the mastership of you, but the felowship. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xxxviii. (1739) 58 The great men..hereby lost..the mastership of the Life or Death of the meaner sort. 1683Kennett tr. Erasm. on Folly (1709) 44 The other..is indeed the most slavish of serving men, in being subject to the mastership of lust and sensuality. 1816Scott Old Mort. xliii, He at once exerted that mastership over his heated..imagination [etc.]. 1894Daily News 15 Nov. 5/3 That mastership..which the sea has always conferred upon its unquestioned rulers.
b. Mastery, ‘upper hand’. ? Obs.
1573Twyne æneid xii. N n ij, When contention falles two mightie Bulles betwixt,..That for dominion euermore, and mastershippe do trie. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 123 They [swannes] beginne to strive for the mastershippe about Ladye day. 1727Philip Quarll (1816) 28 An animal..as big as himself, kept him a great while struggling for mastership. 1829Blackw. Mag. XXVI. 282 Whatever were the force and power of these feelings, it was not now the time to let them get the mastership.
c. The authority of a master or teacher.
1581Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. (1887) 155 So long as the child shalbe..vnder maistership in schole. a1603T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N.T. (1618) 299 They were taught of the Holy Ghost, through the immediate Mastership or Doctorship of Christ. 1865Bushnell Vicar. Sacr. Introd. (1868) 15 The immense following that has accepted his mastership.
2. The office, function, or dignity of a ‘master’, or the term of office of a master, in any of the official applications of that title.
1455Rolls of Parlt. V. 316/1 The Maisterships of oure Forest of Simonswode, and of oure Parkes of Croxtath. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) ⁋⁋vj, But if that any one be in suche maner case That he will chalenge the mastership fro me [etc.]. 1591A. Nowell in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 87 The quietness of St. John's College durying hys Mastershyppe there. 1609Carleton Let. 8 June in Court & Times Jas. I, I. 98, I hear Sir Ralph Winwood aims at a Mastership of Requests. 1626in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 325 The chief Mastership of that Order. 1721Lond. Gaz. No. 5918/1 The Pope's Bulls for the Great Mastership of St. Lazarus. 1873Sat. Rev. 9 Aug. 163/1 The Mastership of the Rolls has been offered to the Attorney-General. 1882Society 18 Nov. 6/2 He has accepted the Mastership of the Pau Foxhounds. 1891Law Times XC. 419/2 A mastership in lunacy.
¶ nonce-use. The district ruled by a ‘master’.
1707(title) [tr. from Sp.] A Journal of the Siege of San Matheo, Capital of the Mastership of the Military Order of Montesa.
b. The position of a master in or of a school.
1806H. K. White Let. to Sister 25 June, The mastership of the school must be held by a clergyman. 1814G. Hardinge Let. in Nichols Lit. Anecd. 18th C. (1814) VIII. 544 Dr. Sumner vacated the Upper-mastership of Eton. 1881Masson in Macm. Mag. XLV. 76 The Annan mathematical mastership lasted about two years.
†3. With possessive pron.: The personality of a master. Often abbreviated M. (See also maship.) Obs.
1440in Finchale Priory (Surtees) 72 Whilk mater at the raverence of ȝowr maystership is fulfillid. 1526Skelton Magnyf. 1853, I pray God your maystershyp to saue. 1533Frith Answ. More D vij b, And where hys mastershyp alleageth this texte for the Sacrament that [etc.]. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iii. i. 280 How now Signior Launce? what newes with your Mastership? 1591in Thanes of Cawdor (Spalding Cl.) 199 For vij quarteris of Londun claith to be your maisterchip cott and breikis. Ibid., Stiffing gray to your M. doublat. c1622Ford, etc. Witch Edmonton i. ii, No Gentleman, I, Mr. Thorney; spare the Mastership, call me by my name, John Carter.
†4. good mastership: patronage, protection. Obs.
1463Bury Wills (Camden) 37, I beqwethe to William Clopton,..my best gypcer,..for a tookne he vowchesaf in tyme comyng to shewe his good maistershepe to my wil. 1465Paston Lett. II. 199, I shall ly stille in pryson..withoute your good maisterchippe shewed to me at this tyme.
5. The skill or knowledge constituting a master.
1607Shakes. Cor. iv. i. 7 Common men could beare, That when the Sea was calme, all Boats alike Shew'd Mastership in floating. 1662Gerbier Princ. 42 The Grecians and Romans (who have shown their Master-ship in them [Triumphall Arches]). 1726Diss. Dumpling 20 The greatest Mastership in Cookery is requir'd to make the Pudding Palatable. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. v. ii, Mastership in tongue-fence; this is the quality of qualities.
b. Mastery, thorough knowledge (of a subject).
a1697Aubrey Lives (1898) I. 120 He is much beholding to him for his mastership of that language. 1883American VII. 184 A mastership of the technicalities of their work.
c. The status or degree of a recognized master (in a craft, a university, etc.).
1688True Spirit of Popery 44 The rendred all Arts and Trades almost inaccessible to the Protestants, by the difficulties of arriving to the Mastership of them. 1831Sir W. Hamilton Discuss. (1853) 410 To commence student in Medicine, it is necessary to have obtained a Mastership in Arts. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. iii. i, An honourable Mastership in Cordwainery.
6. The existence of ‘masters’ or employers as the characteristic of a form of industrial organization.
1868Ruskin Time & Tide (1872) 6 The points at issue, in the comparison of this system with that of mastership, are by no means hitherto frankly stated. 1886Pall Mall G. 29 Nov. 12/1 After a detailed description of the results of mastership and the effect machinery has had on the labour market..Mr. Morris spoke of the upper class.
7. Hist. A body of master workmen; a guild. rare.
1822Ranken Hist. France IX. x. i. 178 A third [decree] dissolved the corporations and masterships of towns. |