| 释义 |
▪ I. Madelung, n.1 Path.|ˈmæd(ə)lʊŋ|
[The name of Otto Wilhelm Madelung (1846–1926), German surgeon, who described the condition in 1878 (Verhandl. Deut. Ges. Chir. VII. 259).]
Madelung's deformity, a condition in which the hand is displaced in the direction of the radius owing to faulty development of the lower forearm, occurring mainly in girls.
1905Bradford & Lovett Treat. Orthopedic Surg. (ed. 3) 663/1 (Index), Mahdelung's [sic] deformity of wrist. 1921Med. Jrnl. S. Afr. XVI. 158/1 Dr. Dee showed a case of..spontaneous luxation of wrists—Madelung's deformity. 1944S. Bunnell Surg. of Hand xvi. 625/2 Madelung's deformity..though first mentioned by Dupuytren in 1839, was described more completely in 1878 by Madelung. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XII. 368/1 Rarer congenital defects include..deformities of growth of the bones of the lower arm (Madelung's deformity). 1979Hand XI. 74 The radiological criteria in the report leave no doubt that this is a case of Madelung's deformity.
▪ II. Madelung, n.2 Physics.|ˈmæd(ə)lʊŋ|
[The name of Erwin Madelung (1881–1972), German physicist.]
Used attrib. to designate concepts relating to crystal structure, as Madelung constant, a fixed number associated with a specified ionic crystalline solid, usually defined for materials with a halite-like crystal lattice as the product of potential energy per constituent ion and the inter-ionic distance divided by the square of the electronic charge, and similarly for materials with other crystal structures; Madelung potential, the potential at any point in an ionic lattice due to the combined electric field of all the ions in the lattice.
1932J. Sherman in Chem. Rev. XI. 106 In the sodium chloride structure, the first for which the Madelung constant was evaluated (by Madelung himself), the positions of the ions are completely determined by the symmetry requirements of the structure. 1966Physical Rev. CXLIV. 753/1 Crystals of the general types Mn and Xm do not have this property of a symmetric Madelung potential influence. 1978H. M. Rosenberg Solid State (ed. 2) i. 14 For the NaCl lattice the Madelung constant is almost exactly 1.75. 1987Jrnl. Chem. Physics LXXXVI. 6959/2 The Mulliken charge approximation for the evaluation of the Madelung potential. |