| 释义 |
lymph|lɪmf|
Also 7–8 in L. form lympha.
[ad. L. lympha, altered spelling (due to pseudo-etym. association with Gr. νύµϕη nymph n.) of *limpa (whence limpidus limpid), *lumpa; according to some scholars repr. a prehistoric *dumpa cognate with the Oscan Diumpais ‘Nymphis’.]
1. a. Pure water; water in general; a stream. Only poet. and rhetorical.
a1630Roxb. Ball. (1871) I. 176 Here rurall gods and tripping Nymphs Did bath their corps in the pure lymphs And christal streams. 1791E. Darwin Bot. Gard. i. 117 The Naiad-Nymph, Who hides her fine form in the passing Lymph. 1843Borrow Bible in Spain xlix. (1872) 279 In the middle of the court was a fountain well supplied with the crystal lymph. 1860Ld. Lytton Lucile ii. v. §6. 17 Then..the lymph Was the dwelling divine of a white-footed nymph. 1885R. Bridges Eros & Psyche Dec. xxix, Its [sc. a fountain's] biting lymph may not be touch'd of man Or god, unless the Fates have so ordain'd.
fig.1879G. Meredith Egoist xvi. I. 302 It would be the pity of common sympathy, pure lymph of pity, as nearly disembodied as can be.
b. transf. (nonce-uses).
1784Cowper Task iii. 391 Sipping calm the fragrant lymph [sc. tea] Which neatly she prepares. 1878W. T. Thornton Word for Word fr. Horace 136 Not on wings..shall I through aether's lymph be borne.
†2. Bot. A colourless fluid in plants; the sap.
1672–3Grew Anat. Plants ii. iii. (1682) 68 The Root of Dandelion being cut in November, seems to bleed both a Milk and a Lympha. 1784Cowper Task vi. 136 That moved The pure and subtle lymph Through th' imperceptible meand'ring veins Of leaf and flow'r. 1807J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 67 The sap, or lymph, of most plants..appears to the sight and taste little else than water. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 270 The juice of the fruit and the lymph of the stem of Musa are slightly astringent. [1900Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms, Lymph,..Grew's term for sap.]
3. Phys. A colourless alkaline fluid, derived from various tissues and organs of the body, resembling blood but containing no red corpuscles.
1725N. Robinson Th. Physick 59 The Pancreatic Juice, Lympha, and Bile are all fitted for their several Offices of Separation, Attenuation, and Dilution. 1793J. Hunter Treat. Blood etc. (1794) 28 The coagulating lymph of the blood being common, probably to all animals, while the red particles are not. 1805W. Saunders Min. Waters 446 The waters of Barege..dissolve..soap and animal lymph. 1830R. Knox Béclard's Anat. 120 To coagulate like the coagulable lymph of the blood. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 666 There is a continual outpouring of some of the contents of the capillaries into the tissues, which output, under the name of lymph, is roughly speaking liquor sanguinis deprived of much of its albumin.
4. a. The exudation from an inflamed tissue, from a sore, etc. b. In recent use often spec. for vaccine lymph (see vaccine), the matter which is taken from the vesicles characteristic of cow-pox in a cow or calf or in a vaccinated human being, in order to be used in the operation of vaccination. Hence, in wider sense, any morbid matter taken from a person or animal suffering from a disease, in order to be employed in some prophylactic operation analogous to vaccination.
1800Med. Jrnl. IV. 61 Several..tumours..discharged an acrid lymph. 1801Ring Cow-pox I. 295 Medical men in general..think it [variolous matter] most active when it is a mere lymph, and inert as it becomes more opaque. 1810Jenner in Baron Life (1838) II. 368, I send out a great deal of vaccine lymph on ivory points. 1866J. Hutchinson in J. R. Reynolds' Syst. Med. I. 307 The rapid absorption of syphilitic lymph under mercurial influence. 1868Seaton Handbk. Vaccination 109 Lymph should in every instance (where practicable) be inserted direct from arm to arm. 1873Roberts Handbk. Med. 53 Fibrinous Exudation, Lymph, Coagulable Lymph, Inflammatory exudation. An exudation escapes from the vessels in some forms of inflammation, which is coagulable, containing much fibrine, and to this the above names have been applied. Ibid. 194 The lymph does not deteriorate or lose its protective power after passing through any number of individuals. 1893Dunglison's Med. Dict., Koch's lymph.
5. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attributive, as lymph-cell, lymph-channel, lymph-corpuscle, lymph-follicle, lymph-gland, lymph-globule, lymph-path, lymph-sinus, lymph-space, lymph-stoma (pl. stomata), lymph-stream, lymph-vessel;
b. objective, as lymph-absorption, lymph-secretion; lymph-connective, lymph-forming adjs.; lymph-canalicular a., of or pertaining to lymph-channels; lymph-cataract (see quot.); lymph-heart, one of a number of contractile muscular sacs which pump the lymph forward; lymph node, any of several small rounded gland-like structures of the lymphatic system, which are disposed along the course of the lymph vessels and which are responsible for removing foreign bodies from the lymph stream and for producing lymphocytes and antibodies; a lymph gland.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 213 The hypothesis of lymph-formation and *lymph-absorption.
1874Q. Jrnl. Microscop. Sci. XIV. 278 The *lymph-canalicular system of Recklinghausen.
1844Hoblyn Dict. Med. Terms, *Lymph-cataract, the most frequent form of spurious cataract; so named by Beer.
1873T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. (ed. 2) 208 Small spheroidal elements resembling *lymph-cells.
1867Quain's Anat. (ed. 7) III. p. clxxxviii, The Lymph-sinus, or the *lymph-channel.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 507 The *lymph-connective elements (spider-cells)..crowd upon the sheaths of the blood-vessels.
1872Peaslee Ovar. Tumours 14 The *lymph-corpuscle, becomes a diagnostic element of the peritoneal fluid.
1873T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. (ed. 2) 264 The *lymph-follicles become enlarged from the multiplication of their elements.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 13 Increase of uric acid..may be an evidence of changes in *lymph-forming structures.
1856–8W. Clark Van der Hoeven's Zool. I. 15 *Lymph-glands are found only in higher animals.
1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 552 Globules void of colour, found floating in the serum, and which Sir Everard Home has called *lymph-globules.
1875Huxley & Martin Elem. Biol. 172 The Frog possesses two pairs of *lymph-hearts.
1892Proc. N.Y. Path. Soc. 1891 65 (heading) Large-celled indurative hyperplasia of the *lymph nodes. 1925Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 28 Feb. 669/2 The cervical, axillary, epitrochlear and inguinal lymph nodes were moderately enlarged. 1955Sci. News Let. 18 June 393/2 Antibodies, he found, are formed in lymph nodes, better known to the layman as glands. 1961H. A. Skinner Origin Med. Terms (ed. 2) 259/2 All of the early writers seem to have adhered to the term [lymph] gland..and the term has been continued, although there is no indication of any gland function. This was a matter of vigorous debate at the anatomical congress at Basle [in 1895]..and Toldt especially advocated use of the term ‘lymph node’. On the last ballot his suggestion was voted down by a large majority. In the Nomina Anatomica adopted at Paris in 1955 the term node was approved. 1972J. W. Shields Tropic Function Lymphoid Elem. xi. 71 The lymph nodes are characteristically oriented to receive substrate more or less directly from the peripheral tissues.
1878Hoblyn Dict. Med. Terms (ed. 10), *Lymph-scrotum, a peculiar disease of the scrotum, characterized by the formation of vesicles in the skin of the scrotum containing albuminous fluid, charged with corpuscles like those of the blood.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 243 The whole question of *lymph secretion is at present in too unsettled a state to be discussed with much profit. 1867*Lymph-sinus [see lymph-channel].
1874Q. Jrnl. Microscop. Sci. XIV. 91 The *lymph spaces existing between the tendinous fibres of fasciæ. 1875E. R. Lankester ibid. XV. 260 Each fold contains between its lamellæ a lymph-space (part of the cœlom).
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 542 A pleural effusion closes the *lymph-stomata of the pleura.
1873Green Introd. Path. 109 The transmission by the *lymph-stream of substances..derived from the malignant growth.
1874Q. Jrnl. Microscop. Sci. XIV. 91 The *lymph vessels on the opposite side. |