| 释义 |
lyceum|laɪˈsiːəm|
Also 6–9 erron. lycæum.
[a. L. Lycēum, ad. Gr. λύκειον, neut. of λύκειος epithet of Apollo, to whose temple the Lyceum was adjacent. Cf. F. lycée, Sp., It. liceo.]
1. (With capital initial.) The proper name of a garden with covered walks at Athens, in which Aristotle taught his philosophy. Hence, the Aristotelian philosophy and its adherents.
1579–80North Plutarch, Sylla (1595) 504 He feld down all the wood of the parke Lycæum. 1638Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. II.) 79 He makes use of them [riches] after the manner of the Academy, and of the Lyceum, which never thought them impediments to happinesse. 1671Milton P.R. iv. 253 Within the walls then view The schools of ancient sages..Lyceum there, and painted Stoa next. 1744Akenside Pleas. Imag. i. 591 Guide my way Through fair Lycéum's walk, the green retreats Of Academus [etc.]. 1838Thirlwall Greece II. ii. 63 The Lyceum, a garden at a short distance from Athens, sacred to the Lycian Apollo. 1901Lawson Remin. Dollar Acad. 29 He might have been taken for a resuscitated Grecian philosopher hastening to meet his pupils at the Lyceum.
b. transf.
1727–46Thomson Summer 1393 To Nature's vast Lyceum, forth they walk. 1809Ann. Reg. 238 It seemed as if all the animal creation had been assembled in Covent Garden, as in a capacious lyceum.
2. Used allusively as the proper name of certain places of study or instruction.
a. In Italy and Switzerland, the Latin title of certain universities or colleges (It. Liceo, F. Lycée).
b. = F. Lycée, the name of an institution (afterwards called Athénée) founded at Paris in 1786, at which lectures on literature and science were delivered by eminent professors.
c. In England, adopted as the title of many literary institutions established in the early part of the 19th c., and of the buildings erected for them, usually including lecture-rooms and class-rooms and a library.
1786Gentl. Mag. LVI. i. 262/1 A literary establishment has lately been opened at Paris under the title of the Lyceum, where lectures are read by the following professors... The Lyceum is to open every day, morning and evening, and each professor is to read two hours in each week. 1832G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. xi. 159 (Zurich) Close by is the Lyceum, or Carolinian College. Ibid. xxix. 472 (Ferrara) We first went to visit the Lyceum, or University.
3. = lycée.
1827Scott Napoleon VI. 97 It was the policy of Bonaparte to diminish..the secondary or ecclesiastical schools, in order that the public education might be conducted at the public seminaries, called Lyceums or Academies. 1861M. Arnold Pop. Educ. France Introd. 39 The French aristocracy could procure for its children..a better training than that which is now given in the lyceums.
4. U.S. (Cf. 2 b, c.) An institution in which popular lectures are delivered on literary and scientific subjects.
1820Amer. Jrnl. Sci. II. 366 Abstract of the proceedings of the Lyceum of Natural History, New-York. 1837H. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 163 Colleges to receive the élite of the schools; and lyceums, and other such institutions, for the subsequent instruction of working men. 1850W. R. Williams Relig. Prog. iv. (1854) 77 Men have expected..the Lyceum and the Lecture to close the dram-shop. 1893Leland Mem. I. 270 Let the aspirant begin by reading papers..before such societies or lyceums as will listen to him.
b. attrib., as lyceum assembly, lyceum bureau, lyceum hall, lyceum lecture, lyceum lecturer, lyceum lecturing, lyceum system.
1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf.-t. vi. 55 Two lyceum assemblies, of five hundred each, are so nearly alike, that [etc.].
1924I. S. Cobb Kansas ii. 20 Fate, personated by the booking agency of a lyceum bureau, decreed that I should jump out of the Teutonic comforts of St. Louis. 1831Mass. Private & Special Statutes 4 Mar., They are hereby made a corporation, by the name of Lyceum Hall,..for the purpose of affording means..for the prosecution of literary and scientific studies [etc.].
1837H. Martineau Society in America I. i. iii. 61, I attended another Lyceum lecture in Massachusetts. 1922L. Mumford in H. E. Stearns Civilization in U.S. 6 The Lyceum lecture..was taken as a soporific rather than a stimulant.
1844Knickerbocker XXIV. 294 The remark of a lyceum lecturer upon matrimony. 1881Harper's Mag. Mar. 628/2 During the days of his lyceum lecturing, no man was more popular [than Dr. Chapin] upon the platform.
1843‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase I. 174 The common school system, the lyceum system. 1863W. Phillips Speeches xi. 242 Appreciating the lyceum system as I do..I feel [etc.].
5. Used as the title of a book.
1809Belfour (title) Lycæum of Ancient Literature; or Biographical..Account of Greek and Roman Classics.
6. (With capital initial.) The name of a theatre near the Strand in London, used attrib. to denote a performance characteristic of those given at this theatre, esp. of the melodramatic type associated with Henry Irving; also transf.
1898G. B. Shaw Let. 29 Jan. in C. St. John Ellen Terry & Bernard Shaw (1931) 294 Henry [Irving]..is as much behind the times now as Pinwell's and Fred Walker's and Mason's pictures are (I always call them the Lyceum school). 1898― Plays Pleasant & Unpleasant p. xix, Popular entertainments like Gounod's opera or the Lyceum version, in which poetry and philosophy are replaced by romance. 1901― Three Plays for Puritans p. xi, I found that the whole business of stage sensuousness, whether as Lyceum Shakespear, musical farce, or sham Ibsen, finally disgusted me. 1936‘N. Blake’ Thou Shell of Death xiii. 229 Tones that would have done credit to a Lyceum melodrama. 1964‘A. Gilbert’ Knock knock, who's There? i. 21 This wasn't a cosy pub..it was all set for a Lyceum melodrama. |