| 释义 |
▪ I. lunge, longe, n.1|lʌndʒ|
[a. F. longe halter, lunge, var. of OF. loigne (whence loyn, lune1):—popular L. *longea, f. L. long-us long a.]
†1. gen. A thong, cord. Obs.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 94 Their [Camels] feet (although fleshy) are so tyed together with little lunges that they neuer weare.
2. A long rope used in training horses, being fastened at one end to the horse's head and held at the other by the trainer, who causes the horse to canter round in a circle.
1720W. Gibson Diet Horses vii. (1726) 105 He recommends those who stand together in an open Stable,..to be secured with two Bindings, and for that Purpose, the Ropes or Longes ought to be so long, that they may easily lie down. 1778Earl Pembroke Mil. Equitat. 37 In the beginning a longe is useful..to help both the rider and the horse. 1845Lady Stanhope Mem. I. vi. 201 And round this [green plat] the grooms, with longes, were made to run them [two mares] until they were well warmed.
3. a. The use of the lunge in training horses. b. A circular exercising-ground in which the lunge is used; ‘the training ground for the instruction of a young horse’ (Voyle Mil. Dict. 1872–6).
1833Regul. Instr. Cavalry i. 40 One Manege will thus contain two good circles or longes. Ibid. 78 The horse has rested..after the longe. 1839Greenwood Hints Horsemanship 87 A horse..should never be compelled to canter in the longe, though he may be permitted to do it of himself. 1886‘Stonehenge’ Rur. Sports (ed. 16) 469/2 The colt should be kept going round the lunge, until [etc.].
4. attrib.
1839Greenwood Hints Horsemanship 88 Such powerful instruments as the longe-cord and whip. Ibid. 90 With the longe-whip in skilful hands. 1868H. C. R. Johnson Long Vac. Argent. Alps xxix. 153 One of the girths of my saddle, the longe surcingle, and three or four large silk handkerchiefs..gave me, as I thought, length enough.
▪ II. lunge, n.2|lʌndʒ|
Also 8–9 longe, 9 lounge.
[Aphetic var. of allonge, elonge.]
1. a. A thrust with a sword (spec. in Fencing) or other weapon.
1748Smollett Rod. Rand. xii. (1804) 62 My adversary..made a great many half longes, skipping backward at every push. 1780T. Davies Mem. Garrick (1781) I. iii. 23 With the first lunge he killed his adversary. 1809Roland Fencing 5 The distance between the two feet will be found to be..about two-thirds of the distance of the longe. 1823Scott Peveril xxxii, A successful..lounge, by which Peveril ran his gigantic antagonist through the body. 1835Lytton Rienzi i. iv, He made a desperate lunge at Adrian. 1880Sir S. Lakeman Kaffir-Land 74 A lounge from an assegai through his thigh. 1885Sat. Rev. 6 June 758/1 If..parried lunges found their match In neat retorts.
b. (See quot.)
1817Wilbraham Glos. Chesh. (1818) s.v. Lungeous, A lunge is common for a violent kick of a horse, though Dr. Ash has omitted it.
2. A sudden forward movement; a plunge, rush.
1845J. J. Hooper Taking Census in Some Adventures Simon Suggs 155 That was a most unfortunate lunge I made into that hole in the river. 1873G. C. Davies Mount. & Mere xvii. 149 A heavy lunge that told of a big fish. 1882J. Walker Sc. Poems 127 With a lumbering lunge The freighted vessel left the quay. 1900Longm. Mag. Aug. 455 The impatient farmer made a sudden lunge at them.
Add:3. An exercise or gymnastic movement involving a sudden forward or sideways movement, spec. one in which one leg is thrust forward with the knee bent while the other is stretched-out behind the body.
1889G. L. Mélio Man. Swedish Drill 24 In the Large Steps, or Lunges, as shewn in Diagrams 20–21, the foot is placed from 30 to 40 inches, according to the length of limb. Ibid. 73 (in figure) Pass, or outward lunge pos[ition]. 1910Health & Strength 12 Mar. 268/2 The Lunge... The pupil takes a fairly long step forward, and simultaneously extends the arm that covers the leg which is put forward. 1957T. Burns Tumbling Techniques Illustr. 94 Lunge, an abrupt and forceful forward reach, as for a tuck during a forward somersault. 1963E. Hughes Gymnastics for Girls iii. 55 In the lunge, most of the body weight is on the right leg, which is directly in front of the body. 1971C. Atwater Tap Dancing ii. 40 You must learn to hold a Lunge while maintaining proper posture. 1981J. Fonda Jane Fonda's Workout Bk. (1982) 148 Bring your right foot forward in a ‘lunge’ with your left leg stretched out behind you. 1988Flex Dec. 104/2 Step ups is a variation of a lunge movement but when I do lunges in the conventional way I just don't seem to feel it as much in the muscle tissue.
▪ III. lunge, n.3 N. Amer.|lʌndʒ|
Also longe, 'longe, 'lunge.
[? Short for maskalonge.]
Either of two large North American freshwater fishes, Salvelinus namaycush, a char or lake trout found in northern lakes, or Esox masquinongy, a pike found in the Great Lakes.
1851Vermont Laws 49 Such person or persons shall forfeit and pay..the sum of one dollar for each trout or lunge so taken. 1857Porter's Spirit of Times 11 Apr. 86/3 The lower end of the lake..is supplied with the large catfish,..Oswego, black, longe, great-bass, pike-perch, perch, &c. 1882Jordan & Gilbert Fishes N. Amer. 317 (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. III), Mackinaw Trout; Great Lake Trout; Longe (Vermont). 1884G. B. Goode etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 488 The Lake Trout has other appellatives, such as ‘Lunge’ in Canada..‘Black Lunge’, ‘Silver Lunge’, ‘Racer Lunge’, ‘Black Salmon’. 1887Lit. World (U.S.) 23 July 227/2 To troll for ‘lunge’ in the deep waters of Lake Memphremagog. 1894Outing (U.S.) XXIV. 368/2 ‘It's a 'lunge,’..‘He'll weigh at least fifteen pounds.’ Ibid. 453/2, I led him alongside, where—as a played-out 'longe always will—he remained motionless..for a few seconds. 1902Jrnl. Amer. Folk-lore Oct. 246 Longe or lunge, a common abbreviation of muskelunge (maskalonge) among English-speaking people in the region about the Great Lakes. 1953Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. XLVII. 17/1 Recently, thanks to government hatcheries, 'lunge has been added to the menu.
▪ IV. lunge, v.1|lʌndʒ|
Also 9 longe, lounge,
[f. lunge n.2]
1. intr.
a. Fencing. To make a thrust with a foil or rapier.
b. Boxing. To deliver a straightforward blow. Const. at.
1809Roland Fencing 23 When longing in the position of tierce. 1814Sporting Mag. XLIII. 55 Lunging with the right he hit short. 1836Smart, Longe, to make a pass with a rapier. 1861Thackeray Four Georges ii. (1862) 84 Lunging with his rapier like a fencing master. 1900N. Munro in Blackw. Mag. Oct. 456/1 Count Victor..lunged and skewered him through the thick of the active arm.
c. quasi-trans. with cognate obj. To deliver (a kick, a thrust); also with out.
1735Gentl. Mag. May 252 If Savage lunge'd a thrust, And brought the youth a victim to the dust. 1847Thackeray Christmas Bks. (1872) 33 The Mulligan..lunged out a kick.
2. trans. To drive or thrust with or as with a lunge. Also refl. said of a heavy body (= 3).
1841J. Mills Old Eng. Gentl. xxvii. II. 206 M'Donald plunged the rowels deep into his flanks, and lunging him with all his power, hurled the excited creature to the ground. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. i, What he had in tow, lunged itself at him sometimes in an awful manner when the boat was checked. 1875Buckland Log-bk. 140 The scorpion instantly lunged his sting into him.
3. intr. To move with a lunge; to make a sudden forward movement; to rush. Also with up.
1821Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 102 [Fish] at the worm no nibbles more repeat, But lunge from night in sheltering flag-retreat. 1827Hone Every-day Bk. II. 330 He [an elephant] lounged furiously at the bars. 1831De Quincey in Blackw. Mag. XXIX. 63 [He] made for a fauteuil standing opposite to the fire. Into this he lunged. 1859G. Meredith R. Feverel xxvii, Ripton lunged for the claret jug. 1880Mrs. Whitney Odd or Even? viii, Farmer Heybrook's old brown mare came lungeing up the steep hill. 1900Longm. Mag. Nov. 67 The jolting and swaying of the cart, as it lunged over the ruts, helped us.
Hence ˈlunging ppl. a.
1857Hughes Tom Brown ii. iii, Parrying the Slogger's lunging hits.
Add:4. In callisthenic exercises, to make a sudden forward or sideways movement, spec. in which one leg is thrust forward with the knee bent while the other is stretched out behind the body.
1905G. A. McMillan Swedish Recreative Exercises i. xxvi. 57 At ‘hither’, all lunge to the left, and recover, and at ‘thither’, all lunge to the right. 1917L. Clark Physical Training for Elementary Schools 269 Hands on hips—place! To the right—lunge! Foot—replace! 1971N. A. Kounovsky Joy of Feeling Fit 106 From a standing position, lunge forward with your right leg... Inhale as you lunge. 1981J. Fonda Jane Fonda's Workout Bk. (1982) 165 Now lunge lower.
▪ V. lunge, longe, v.2|lʌndʒ|
Also 9 lounge.
[f. lunge n.1]
1. trans. To put (a horse) through his paces by the use of the lunge; to make a horse (occas. his rider) go round the lunge (see lunge n.1 3 b).
1806Cumberland Mem. I. 263 You might as safely have backed Bucephalus, before Alexander had lunged him. 1815Sporting Mag. XLVI. 116 At three [years old] put on the bits and lunge him. 1833Regul. Instr. Cavalry i. 72 The horse may be longed to the right. 1845Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. V. ii. 529 Being lounged in a circle with great care. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xlvi, As the coachman was lunging Georgy round the lawn on the grey pony. 1862H. Marryat Year in Sweden II. 406 Armed horsemen are seen lunging their chargers round and round after the manner of a modern circus. 1875‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Sports ii. i. viii. §5. 454 The colt..may now be taken out and well lunged. 1889Hayes Illustr. Horse Breaking ii. 64 The generality of men, when they lunge a colt or filly, will circle the young one more to the left than to the right.
2. intr. Of the horse: To go round the lunge in a specified direction.
1833Regul. Instr. Cavalry ii. 75 The rein on the hand to which the horse is longing. |