| 释义 |
zymo-|zaɪməʊ|
before a vowel zym-, combining form repr. Gr. ζύµη leaven, used in the general sense ‘ferment’, in various scientific terms. (Some of these were formerly written zumo-, the Gr. υ being represented, contrary to analogy, by u: see Y.) ˈzymocyte |-saɪt| [-cyte], a unicellular organism which produces fermentation. ˌzymogluˈconic a., epithet of an acid obtained by fermentation from glucose; hence zymoˈgluconate, a salt of this acid. ˈzymogram Biochem. and Genetics, a strip of electrophoretic medium showing enzymes separated by a technique such as zone electrophoresis. ‖ ˌzymohyˈdrolysis, hydrolysis effected by the action of a ferment. zyˈmology († zumo-) [-logy], the science of fermentation; that department of chemistry which deals with ferments and their action; hence zymoˈlogical († zumo-) a., relating to zymology; zyˈmologist († zumo-), one versed in zymology. zyˈmolysis [Gr. λύσις loosening], decomposition by means of a (esp. an unorganized) ferment; so zymoˈlytic a., pertaining to or involving zymolysis. zyˈmometer († zumo-) [-meter] = zymosimeter. ˈzymophore |-fɔə(r)|, zymophoric |-ˈfɒrɪk|, zymophorous |-ˈɒfərəs| adjs. [see -phore, etc.], in Ehrlich's theory of immunization, applied to a particular group of atoms in a ferment, or in the receptors of a living cell, to which the fermentative action is due (analogous to the toxophore group in a toxin). ˈzymophyte |-faɪt| [-phyte], a vegetable organism which causes fermentation. zymoˈplastic a. [see plastic a.], forming a ferment. ˈzymoscope [-scope]: see quot. zymotechnic |-ˈtɛknɪk|, -ical adjs. [Gr. τεχνή art], relating to the art of fermentation; so zymoˈtechnics, ˈzymotechny, the art of fermentation (cf. zymurgy); ˌzymotechˈnology [-logy], the scientific study of the principles of zymotechny; ˌzymotechˈnologist, one versed in zymotechnology. zymoˈtoxic a., having a fermentative and toxic action.
a1909Disinfectants 14 (Cent. D. Suppl.) Salicylic acid only holding its reputation as an enemy to the *zymocytes of the cider barrel.
1887Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LII. 468 The crystallised ammonium gluconate recently described by Volpert..had previously been obtained by the author [sc. L. Boutroux], and described by him as ammonium *zymogluconate.
1886Ibid. L. 682 The *zymogluconic acid obtained by the action of M[icrococcus] oblongus on glucose.
1957Hunter & Markert in Science 28 June 1295/2 We propose the term *zymogram to refer to strips in which the location of enzymes is demonstrated by histochemical methods. 1978Nature 2 Mar. 77/2 The high degree of gene duplication in these species often confounds the genetic interpretation of zymograms. For example, how many loci code for an enzyme represented by a single electrophoretic band? 1981Histochemistry LXXIII. 311 Electro⁓focused zymograms display species and organ differences.
1903C. Snyder New Concept. Sci. 236 Croft Hill's bold announcement, three or four years ago, of the discovery of ‘reversible *zymohydrolysis’.
1828–32Webster, *Zumological, *Zumologist. 1846Worcester, Zymological, Zymologist (citing Oswald).
1753Chambers's Cycl. Supp., *Zymology [referring to W. Simpson's Zymologia Physica, 1675]. 1828–32Webster, Zumology.
1890A. S. Lea in Jrnl. Physiol. XI. 254 note, I would suggest that the word ‘*zymolysis’ might be.. used to denote generally the changes produced by the enzymes or unorganised ferments.
Ibid. 264 The *zymolytic activity of the digestive fluid.
1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc., *Zumometer, or Zumosimeter,..an instrument intended to show the degree to which fermentation has proceeded in different fermenting liquors.
1900U.S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Anim. Ind. Rep. 257 (Cent. D. Suppl.) The hypothesis of Morgenroth in regard to the existence of a haptophore group and the [sic; ? a] *zymophore group in the labile ferment has been recently verified by Myers and Bashford, who have discovered zymoids analogous to the toxoids.
1902Brit. Med. Jrnl. 12 Apr. 920 There is no amboceptor as such, but the body consists of a *zymophoric group.
1890Billings Med. Dict., *Zymophytes, bacteroid ferments that liberate fatty acids from neutral fats.
1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1086 *Zymoscope, an instrument..for testing the fermenting power of yeast, by bringing it in contact with sugar-water, and observing the quantity of carbonic anhydride evolved.
1896A. K. Miller tr. E. C. Hansen's Ferment. 71 Ancker and Bergh's *zymotechnic laboratory, Stockholm.
1900tr. A. Jörgensen's Micro-org. & Ferment. 47 *Zymotechnical examinations of water according to the principles laid down by Hansen.
1896A. K. Miller tr. E. C. Hansen's Ferment. 113 Several *zymotechnologists have made similar experiments.
1860Mayne Expos. Lex., *Zymotechny.
1902Jrnl. Exper. Med. 17 Mar. 282 The complement possesses in addition to such a..haptophore group, another group which exhibits fermentative properties (*zymotoxic or toxophore group).
Add: ˈzymodeme Ecol. [deme n.2], a closely related sub-population within one taxon, distinguished on the basis of the degree of similarity of certain enzymes.
1978Bull. World Health Org. LVI. 471 Prefixes may be given to the term to designate the general grounds on which the deme is defined, e.g., serodeme, *zymodeme... There is no certain implication of common ancestry for demes displaying similar characters. 1980Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. & Hygiene LXXIV. 222/1 There were three enzymically distinct groups of T[rypanosoma] cruzi stocks—which have been called zymodemes 1, 2 and 3. All three zymodemes were capable of causing acute disease in man. 1985Brit. Med. Jrnl. 30 Nov. 1524/2 The traditional view..has been blurred by the discovery in both wild and domestic animals in west Africa of trypanosomes with enzyme markers (zymodemes) identical with those of species infective for man. 1988Evolution XLII. 278/2 The term ‘zymodeme’ has been used with two different meanings: first, to designate any isozyme variant..; and second, to describe ‘main’ variants. |