| 释义 |
Zulu, n. and a.|ˈzuːluː|
Also Zoola, Zooloo.
[Native name.]
1. (Formerly also Z.-Kaffir.)
a. A member of a Bantu people mainly inhabiting Zululand and Natal in S. Africa. Also attrib. or as adj., belonging to this people.
Since the early nineteenth century, the Zulus have been noted for their fiercely patriarchal social organization and their aggressive defence of territory, first against the Boers in 1838, and subsequently against the British in the Zulu Wars of 1879–97.
1824in Christopher Natal (1850) 21 Chaka, king of the Zulus, to whom belongs the whole of the country from Natal to Dela Goa Bay. 1828Ibid. 23 The country of the Zoolas, eastward of Natal. Ibid. 25 The interior productions of the Zoola country. 1863W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting ii. 40 A buffalo, which some Zulu Kaffirs had killed. Ibid. iii. 75 They much resemble the Zulu huts, but have larger doorways. 1895A. H. Keane Africa II. vi. 241 Tribal groups belonging either to the Bechuana, or to the Zulu-Kafir division of the Southern Bantus.
b. A derogatory term for a Black person. U.S.
1931Amer. Mercury Nov. 354/2 Zulus, negroes who participate in spec. 1967‘D. Shannon’ Chance to Kill vii. 91, I just didn't care to have any damn zulu saying I didn't do the work right. 1970J. Brown Un-Melting Pot xi. 169 Expressions of colour antagonism can at times be bizarre—witness the New York West Indian boy who was heard to call a Barbadian girl a ‘bloody Zulu bastard’.
2. The language spoken by the Zulus, belonging to the Nguni subgroup of Bantu languages. Also attrib. or as adj.
1839W. C. Harris Wild Sports Southern Africa 150 Andries..possessed a smattering of zooloo, and we thus hoped to be able to proceed without the aid of a sworn interpreter. 1849Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. I. 50 The Zulu alphabet..contains the same letters as the English... The English language abounds with short words, but in the Zulu such words are very few. 1850J. S. Christopher Natal 137 The Zulu alphabet. 1857Döhne Zulu-Kafir Dict. Introd. p. xxxviii, The Zulu, as the high language, has ever exercised a controlling influence upon the low languages. 1861Colenso Zulu-Engl. Dict. p. v, The Zulu for dog is commonly spelt inja. 1869Bleek in Cape & its People (ed. R. Noble) 272 The Zulu noun a-ba-ntu ‘men, people’. 1900Speaker 24 Feb. 551/2 What we want is competent officials, with knowledge of Zulu.
3. Name of an artificial fly used in angling.
1898Speaker 29 Oct. 515 General utility flies... Such are the red tag, the Zulu, the blue dun, the snipewing. 1901Field 9 Nov. 739, I put up a fine cast with three biggish flies tied on fine gut (a March brown, a Zulu, and a black palmer).
4. Zulu hat, a kind of straw hat with a wide brim. Obs. exc. Hist.
1880Girl's Own Paper 27 Nov. 144/1 Wreaths of grapes and a few poppies serve best as trimming for a Zulu hat. 1893Yonge & Coleridge Strolling Players viii. 54 She had managed, while seizing a Zulu hat, to divest herself of the apron. 1895Beerbohm in Yellow Bk. Jan. 280 Zulu hats shaded their faces. 1941F. Thompson Over to Candleford x. 144 Both [children] wore what were then known as Zulu hats, plaited of rushes and very wide brimmed.
5. A kind of fishing-boat formerly used in Scotland. Obs. exc. Hist.
1884Trans. Highland Soc. 122 Ten or twelve boats of the carvel-zulu shape have been built. 1905, etc. [see Fifie, fifie]. 1952G. Maxwell Harpoon at Venture (1955) ii. 37 She was a seventy-foot ‘zulu’, lugsail-rigged, and with two Kelvin paraffin engines. 1963P. MacTyre Fish on Hook iii. 43 MacAra's window looked on to the jibs of disused cranes and the carcasses of two rotting ‘Zulu’ boats. 1976Oxf. Compan. Ships & Sea 964/2 Zulu, a type of fishing vessel peculiar to the north-east coastal ports of Scotland... They were..first produced during the Zulu War (1878–9), hence their name.
6. The radio code word for the letter ‘z’; spec. (in full Zulu time) (Aeronaut. colloq.) = zone time s.v. zone n. 9 a.
1960‘N. Shute’ Trustee from Toolroom 104 We'll have a meal..at twenty-three zulu—at eleven o'clock English time. 1976B. Jackson Flameout (1977) v. 90 ‘Check Zulu 10.50.28,’ he said, using airmen's and Air Traffic Control jargon for time... ‘Okay. The line after Zulu 10.50.30.’ 1978Pasachoff & Kutner University Astron. v. 125 Astronomers often keep track of events according to the standard solar time that corresponds to the Greenwich time zone. This is called G.M.T. (Greenwich Mean Time), U.T. (Universal Time), or Z (which is colloquially called Zulu Time). 1981T. Barling Bikini Red North zii. 260 Projected detonation deadline at fourteen-hundred hours, Zulu Time.
Hence ˈZulu v., intr. (with it) to act like a Zulu; ˈZuludom, the domain of the Zulus; ˈZuluize v., trans. to make into a Zulu.
1876Jrnl. Soc. Arts 28 Jan. 166/2 Into the heart of savage Zuludom. 1882Phil Robinson Noah's Ark i, The lion, again, they say, is King in Africa, yet the gorilla Zulus it over the forests within the lion's territory. 1895Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Aug. 7/1 Death of John Dunn. A Zuluized Englishman. |