| 释义 |
▪ I. suˈrround, n.
[f. the vb.]
1. An act of surrounding; spec. (orig. and chiefly U.S.) the process of hunting certain wild animals by surrounding them and driving them into a place from which they cannot escape.
1825in N. Dakota Hist. Q. (1929) IV. 35 The Mandans went out to kill Buffalo, by making whats called a surround, at 8 miles distant from fence. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville xlvi. III. 220 It was at length proclaimed, that all who were able to lift a club..should muster for the ‘surround’. 1851Mayne Reid Scalp Hunters xxxii. 247 The hunters were getting forward with the ‘surround’. 1903Sir M. G. Gerard Leaves fr. Diaries viii. 250 Allowing time for the surround to be accomplished, he then strolled off with the remaining..sepoys.
2. A border or edging of a particular material, nearly or quite surrounding the central piece, as of linoleum or felt round a carpet.
1893Ludgate Monthly Mag. Jan. 328/2 Central bordered carpets are now most in vogue, with a surround of linoleum. 1896J. E. Panton Suburban Resid. 29, I have covered the gaping stained ‘surround’ with felt. 1912Sphere 28 Dec. p. ii, A large cameo brooch set in a surround of finely-chased gold.
3. The area or substance surrounding something; the vicinity, surroundings, or environment (of something).
1922Daily Mail 11 Nov. 15/4 The inflammation often extends to the surround of the eye and to the wattles and throat [of poultry]. 1937Nature 3 July 12/2 Large thermal inertia in the optical parts and small and slow changes in the surround of each instrument were required. 1939Country Life 11 Feb. p. xxi/1 (Advt.), All types of Fencing and Tennis Court Surrounds are described in Catalogue 495. 1943H. J. Massingham Men of Earth ii. 10 A country building..in relation to its matrix or surround. 1959Listener 1 Jan. 13/1 It was the country, the flat agricultural surround, that so ravished me. 1962Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 139/1 [There was] creaking noise from steering column surround. 1976L. van der Post Jung & Story of Our Time (1978) iii. 70 My own isolation in a great natural surround. 1978Nature 14 Sept. 141/2 Bipolar cell responses to illumination of the surround have been thought to be mediated by horizontal cells.
▪ II. surround, v.|səˈraʊnd|
Forms: 5 sourround, 5–6 suround, 5–7 surund, 6 surrownd, surrunde, 7 sorround, sur-round, surhound, (pa. pple. surround), 6– surround.
[a. AF. sur(o)under, OF. soronder, s(o)uronder to overflow (trans. and intr.), fig. to abound, to surpass, also, to dominate, overlook = Pr. sobrondar:—late L. superundāre to overflow (fig.), f. super super- 2 + undāre to rise in waves, f. unda wave.
The modern spelling was established before 1600; association of the word with round (quasi sur- + round) no doubt helped to fix the spelling with rr.]
I.
1. a. trans. To overflow, inundate, flood, submerge. Obs. exc. dial.
1444Rolls of Parlt. V. 109/2 By grete creteyns of water, many Townes and Londes to grete quantite beth sourrounded. 1587Holinshed Chron. III. 1537/2 The said pent being surrounded at euerie high water. 1609–10Act 7 Jas. I, c. 20 §1 The Sea hath broken in..and hath decayed surrounded and drowned vp much hard Grounde. 1622Callis Stat. Sewers (1647) 57 For suffering a Sewer..to be unrepaired, by reason whereof his grounds..were surrounded. 1631Star Chamber Cases (Camden) 48 One complaining against another for letting downe a sea wall soe that not onely his but diverse other men's grounds were surrounded. 1877S. B. J. Skertchley Geol. of Fenland ii. 17 In winter nearly all the peat-land was drowned, or as the old fen-men say ‘surrounded’.
fig.1624Sir J. Davies Psalm xviii, Wks. (1869) I. 382 When..floods of wickednes did mee surhound. 1628P. M. Life Sejanus 51 Seianus saw himselfe surrounded with a storme, in one of the fairest daies of his fortune. 1633P. Fletcher Elisa ii. xxii, My heart, surround with grief, is swoln so high. 1634W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. a 3 b, So surunded with the torrent of his Witt.
†b. intr. To overflow. Obs. rare.
1572Huloet s.v., Nilus doth surrunde, ouerflowe or runne ouer. 1592Warner Alb. Eng. viii. xli. (1612) 197 Streams, if stopt, surrownd. 1598Marlowe Ovid's Elegies iii. v. 86 The waters more abounded: And from the channell all abroad surrounded. 1599T. M[oufet] Silkwormes 64 Lest outward moisture innly being got Surrounding, drownes the little infant-flye.
II.
2. a. To enclose, encompass, or beset on all sides; to stand, lie, or be situated around; also, to form the entourage of; often pass. const. with or by = to have on all sides or all round.
1616Bullokar Eng. Expos., Surround, to compasse round about. 1629Milton Hymn Nativ. xi, At last surrounds their sight A Globe of circular light. 1653― Ps. vii. 26 Th' assemblies of each Nation Will surround thee, seeking right. 1700R. Pearson Naaman Vind. 87 Thou wilt..when thou awakest, find thy self sur-rounded with Devils and everlasting burnings. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 291 Stupendous precipices which surrounded us. 1726Swift Gulliver iii. ii, At my alighting, I was surrounded by a croud of people. 1771Junius Lett. xlix. (1788) 267 He saw the throne already surrounded by men of virtue and abilities. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxxi, The thick woods which surrounded them excluding all view of the country beyond. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. (1842) I. iii. 159 This neither suited the inclination of Elizabeth, nor of some among those who surrounded her. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. iii. 246 If the planet Neptune..be surrounded by an atmosphere. 1868Lockyer Elem. Astron. Introd. (1870) 1 The earth on which we live is..surrounded by stars on all sides.
b. Said of immaterial things, as conditions.
1639G. Daniel Ecclus. ix. 47 Thinke, without defence, Thou art Surround in danger. 1682Tate Abs. & Achit. ii. 188 A monarch's crown with fate surrounded lies. a1771Gray Amatory Lines 1 With beauty, with pleasure surrounded. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest ix, Recollect the dangers that surround you. 1891Farrar Darkn. & Dawn x, The dignities which surrounded her exalted rank. 1900Jrnl. Sch. Geog. (U.S.) Apr. 126 The social conditions surrounding the individual.
c. Mil. To enclose (a place, or a body of troops) on all sides so as to cut off communication or retreat; to invest.
a1649Winthrop New Eng. (1853) I. 279 Our men surrounded the swamp, being a mile about, and shot at the Indians. 1799Sheridan Pizarro v. iv, Well! if surrounded, we must perish in the centre of them. 1802James Milit. Dict. s.v., A town is said to be surrounded when its principal outlets are blocked up.
3. To go or extend round (an object or body, a room, or the like); to encircle, as a frame, border, etc.
1688Holme Armoury ii. iii. 57/1 He beareth Gules, a Garbe, Or, with an Adder..his head aloft, and the tail surrounding it. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 410 With sev'n⁓fold Horns mysterious Nile Surrounds the Skirts of Egypt's fruitful Isle. 1700― Pygmalion 48 An embroider'd Zone surrounds her slender Waste. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 81 A white list..at the bottom of the neck, which it entirely surrounds. 1821Scott Kenilw. iv, Large oaken presses, filled with shelves of the same wood, surrounded the room. 1829in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VI. 237 A complete frame surrounding the aperture. 1886C. E. Pascoe Lond. To-day xxv. (ed. 3) 237 The massive tomb of the Duke of Wellington,..with the names of his victories surrounding the base.
†4. To go or travel around; to make the circuit of, esp. to circumnavigate. Obs.
1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 16 Pharao Necho..incouraged the Phœnicians (then, proud of their Art in Navigation) to surround Afrique. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. xi. vii. Ded., The ship called the Desire, wherein Captain Cavendish surrounded the world. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 375 When I was driven out to Sea..in my Attempt to surround the Island. 1727― Syst. Magic i. iv. (1840) 107 He surrounds the tree fifteen times. 1751R. Paltock P. Wilkins (1884) I. 130 Though I had surrounded the whole lake, yet I had not traced the out-bounds of the wood next the rock. 1825Scott Talism. iv, As a second time, in surrounding the chapel, they passed the spot on which he kneeled.
5. To cause to be encircled or enclosed with something.
1635Valentine Foure Sea-Serm. 8 We that inhabite the Islands, which God hath moated about, and surrounded with a girdle of waters. 1653Milton Ps. v. 39 As with a shield thou wilt surround Him with thy lasting favour. 1847C. Brontë J. Eyre xxxv, He surrounded me with his arm, almost as if he loved me. 1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 344 Was it possible that true republicans should ask of their party..to surround itself with all the appearances of fear? 1908R. Bagot A. Cuthbert ii. 9 Those mental and moral barriers with which the average Englishman surrounds himself.
III. 6. The verb-stem in Comb., as surround sound, surround-sound, any of various systems of stereophony involving three or more speakers surrounding the listener so as to give a more realistic effect; esp. a four-, five-, or six-speaker system employing signal matrixing, with the aim of reproducing the original front-to-back, floor-to-ceiling, and side-to-side sound distribution. Also attrib.
1969High Fidelity Mag. Sept. 63/1 Vanguard's initial offering in what it has termed ‘Surround Sound’ will include the Berlioz Requiem, which calls for four brass bands to be spread around the cardinal points of the hall. 1974Nature 13 Dec. 535/2 The present upsurge of interest in surround-sound was in some measure triggered by engineers and producers playing back such four-track material directly into four amplifiers and loudspeakers distributed approximately in a square near to the corners of the monitor room. 1978Broadcast 6 Mar. 18/3 In radio, engineers are experimenting with surround sound systems as the next step forward from stereophonic sound. 1981Hi-Fi Answers May 58/1 Efforts were made in the mid seventies to market a system of surround sound which went by the name of quadraphonics. 1983Listener 19 May 34/1 It can create a remarkable surround-sound effect. |