| 释义 |
littoral, a. and n.|ˈlɪtərəl|
Also 7 litorall, litteral, 7–9 litoral.
[ad. L. littorālis, better lītorālis, f. lītor-, lītus (often written littus) shore. Cf. F. littoral.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to the shore; existing, taking place upon, or adjacent to the shore.
1656in Blount Glossogr. 1657W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Life Peiresc ii. 125 The litteral parts when they are just against the rising Sun are sooner inlightned. 1803Edin. Rev. I. 378 The British forces would only attack by sea, or by a littoral warfare. 1833Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 346 The littoral Cordillera of Brazil. 1853Phillips Rivers Yorksh. v. 151 The beneficial action of the sea air is apparent on our littoral climate. 1869Rawlinson Anc. Hist. 320 The littoral extent of Italy is, in proportion to its area, very considerable. 1875Wonders Phys. World ii. ii. 223 The ice of littoral glaciers exhibits a green colour. 1895Hoffman Begin. Writing 44 The Innuit of littoral Alaska.
b. Zool., Geol., etc.: Growing, living, or deposited on the ‘littoral zone’ (see quot. 1876).
1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. Introd., Fishes..are either pelagious, living in the main sea,..or litorall, living neer the shore. 1731Bailey vol. II, Litoral shells. 1776Da Costa Conchology 66 Some [Shell-fish] are even littoral, or inhabit the shores. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 151 There were then also littoral formations in progress, such as are indicated by the English Crag. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. xiii. (1879) 285 The islands were here..composed of a stratified, soft, littoral deposit. 1866Tate Brit. Mollusks iv. 82 Limax gagates is a littoral animal. 1876Page Adv. Text-Bk. Geol. iii. 76 The Littoral [zone] lies between high and low water mark. 1880Gray Struct. Bot. 419/1 Litoral, Littoral, Belonging to or growing on the seashore or rivershore.
B. n. A littoral district; the region lying along the shore. [After It. littorale, F. littoral.]
[1815Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1838) XII. 287 By the cession to Geneva of part of the littorale of the lake by the King of Sardinia.] 1828[J. R. Best] Italy 54 He has obtained a littoral, or sea-coast, stretching along the whole of his continental territory. 1859W. H. Gregory Egypt II. 193 The towns along the Mediterranean littoral. 1868E. P. Wright Ocean World iv. 79 The sand of the littoral of all existing seas is so full of these minute but elegant shells. 1882O'Donovan Merv Oasis Pref. 7 The Russian settlements on the Eastern Caspian littoral. 1894Pop. Sci. Monthly June 162 The portion of the Caribbean littoral commonly known as the Mosquito Coast.
Add:[A.] 2. Histol.. [After G. Uferzelle, lit. ‘shore cell’ (H. Siegmund 1923, in Münch. med. Wochenschr. LXX. 5/2).] Designating a cell of the macrophage system which occurs temporarily attached to the walls of the sinuses in lymphoid tissue.
1930Maximow & Bloom Text-bk. Histol. v. 103 The cells which line the walls of the sinuses, and which are attached to the fibers passing through the cavity of these spaces, often have a decidedly flattened form and are somewhat similar to endothelial cells... Their biological properties, especially the storing of vital dyes and the transformation into phagocytosing, free, ameboid macrophages are identical with those of the reticular cells of the lymphoid tissue... Their flattened form is merely an adaptation to their peculiar position on the wall of channels through which the lymph flows. They may be called conveniently the littoral cells of the histiocytic system. 1938Jrnl. Path. & Bacteriol. XLVII. 459 The subcapsular lymph sinus and its continuations are lined with specialised endothelial cells or littoral cells..which lie on their margins and on the loose network of reticulin fibrils which cross their cavity. 1985C. R. Leeson et al. Textbk. Histol. (ed. 5) v. 166/2 The sinuses present within lymphoid tissue are lined by littoral cells of the macrophage system. |