| 释义 |
liquorice, licorice|ˈlɪkərɪs|
Forms: 3 licoriz, 3–5 licorys, lycorys, 4–5 lycorice, -yce, 5 lycuryce, 5–6 li-, lycores(se, 5–7 li-, lycoris(e, (6 -yse, -yze, -isse), 6 likorice, lykorise, lickorise, licquoris, liquerise, lyqueryce, -esse, li-, lycouresse, lycuresse, lykeres, liquoras, 6–7 li-, lycoras, liquoris, 7 lichoras, licorish, liquirice, liqueres, lykyrrhize, licourice, 7–8 liquorish, 9 dial. lickerish, 6– licorice, 7– liquorice.
[a. AF. lycorys, OF. *licorice, early mod.F. liquerice (Cotgr.), ad. late L. liquiritia (whence It. liquirizia, legorizia, MHG. lakeritze, mod.G. lakritze, Du. lakk(e)ris, Da., Sw. lakrits), corruptly a. Gr. γλυκύρριζα (latinized glycyrrhiza by Pliny), f. γλυκύς sweet + ῥίζα root. The Rom. langs. in general have metathetic forms of the late L. word: OF. recolisse, regolisse, etc. (mod.F. réglisse), Pr. regalicia, Sp. regaliz(a, Pg. regaliz, regalice, It. regolizia.]
1. The rhizome (also called liquorice-root) of the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra. Also, a preparation (used medicinally and as a sweetmeat) made from the evaporated juice of this rhizome, and commonly sold in black cylindrical sticks; also called extract of liquorice, stick liquorice or Spanish liquorice, Spanish juice. Italian liquorice: a similar product obtained from Glycyrrhiza echinata.
c1205Lay. 17745 And gingiuere & licoriz he hom lefliche ȝef. 13..K. Alis. 428 His love is al so swete, y-wis, So ever is mylk or licoris! a1310in Wright Lyric P. v. 26 Such licoris mai leche from lyve to lone, Such sucre mon secheth that saveth men sone. 1436Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 160 Commodytés..commynge out of Spayne,..Bene fygues And lycorys, Syvyle oyle, and grayne. 1519W. Horman Vulg. 39 b, Lycuresse is good for the voyce. 1542Boorde Dyetary xxii. (1870) 287 Lyqueryce..doth loose fleume. 1601Holland Pliny I. 356 Cheese made of Mares or Asses milk, and Licorice. 1611Beaum. & Fl. Knt. Burn. Pestle i. i, Carry him this sticke of Licoras, tell him his Mistresse sent it him, and bid him bite a peece, 'twill open his pipes the better, say. 1613in Rec. Convent. Roy. Burghs (1870) II. 396 Ilk gritt ball of brissell annetseides and liqueres. 1684tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. xiv. 487 A Lambitive that consists of the Syrups of Lykyrrhize, violets [etc.]. 1685Lond. Gaz. No. 2000/4 The Juyce of Liquorice of Blois..is sold at the two Pestles and Mortars in St. Martins Lane near Charing-Cross. 1747Wesley Prim. Physic (1762) 35 Use Water wherein sliced Liquorice is steeped. 1750Phil. Trans. XLVII. xii. 77 Their poison..has a great deal of resemblance with Spanish liquorice. 1840Marryat Poor Jack viii, Don't eat the stick-liquorice. 1869Blackmore Lorna D. vi, I cough sometimes in the winter-weather, and father gives me lickerish. 1875Tennyson Q. Mary iii. i. 109 He hath a yellow beard... Like a carrot's,..and English carrot's better than Spanish licorice.
fig.1592G. Harvey Pierce's Super. (1593) 164 O the sugar candy of the delicate bagpipe there: and o the licorise of the diuine dulcimers there.
2. The leguminous plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, the dried rhizome of which is the liquorice of commerce. Applied also to other species, esp. G. echinata.
1548Turner Names of Herbes 40 Glycyrrhiza called in latin Radix dulcis is named in english Lycores, in duch Sueszholtz, or Lycoris or Clarish. 1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 50 Of Licorise. Lycorise is so saide, especially through the Greeke word, for that it hath a sweete roote. 1576Surv. in Antiq. Rep. (1809) IV. 424 Gardinges and Orchettes wharin growes..Cherries, Wallnutes & also Licores. 1588Greene Pandosto (1607) Ded. 2 Vnicornes being glutted with brousing on rootes of Lycoras. 1654Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 316 All marsh ground till we came to Brigg, famous for the plantations of licorice. 1760Brown Compl. Farmer ii. 31 You may, if a deep mould, plant them [certain lands] with liquorish. 1811Lysons Suppl. Env. Lond. 448 About ten acres of licorice have lately been planted in the parishes of Barnes and Mortlake. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 91 The roots of the liquorice contain an abundance of a sweet subacrid mucilaginous juice. 1870Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 243 Liquorice is a native of Italy, Spain, Sicily, and the southern parts of Europe.
3. Applied, with qualifying epithet, to various plants, the roots of which resemble or are used as substitutes for the true liquorice, as English liquorice, Indian liquorice, mountain liquorice, wild liquorice (see quots.).
1548Turner Names of Herbes 86 Regalicum..It maye be called in englishe mocke Licores, because the leaues are lyke Licores. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. II. 6 E ij/1 Put to it as much of the fine Powder of Bole Armoniack and English Liquorish..as will make it up into a stiff Paste. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 317 Liquorice, Wild, Astragalus; Caperaria; Glycine. 1866Treas. Bot. II. 687/2 Wild liquorice, Abrus; also an American name for Galium circæzans.
4. attrib. and Comb., as liquorice all-sorts (see all-sorts s.v. all E. 13), liquorice drop, liquorice jujube, liquorice lozenge, liquorice lump, liquorice-planter, † liquorice-race (= root), liquorice-root, liquorice-runner, liquorice-set, liquorice-soup, liquorice toffee, liquorice treasure, liquorice-tree, liquorice-water, liquorice-wood; liquorice bootlace = boot-lace c; liquorice juice, the juice extracted from liquorice root, esp. as dried and prepared for use; liquorice mass, paste, ‘crude liquorice’ (Cent. Dict.); liquorice powder, ground liquorice root, used as an aperient; liquorice-stick, (a) = stick-liquorice, sense 1 above; (b) Jazz slang, a clarinet. liquorice vetch, Astragalus glycyphyllus; liquorice weed, a tropical plant, Scoparia dulcis (Cent. Dict.)
1928Sweet Shop Nov. p. ii (Advt.), Original *Liquorice All Sorts. 1931[see all-sorts s.v. all E. 13]. 1946R.A.F. Jrnl. May 162 His C.O...with the broad ring and a row of gongs that reminded Joe of liquorice all-sorts.
1952Blackw. Mag. July 30/2 Lollipops, pincushions, *liquorice boot-laces, bottles of home-made wine. 1956‘R. Crompton’ William & Space Animal v. 135 Doughnuts an' trifle an' liqu'rice boot laces.
1906‘O. Henry’ Four Million (1916) 173 *Liquorice drops—the kind that make your cheek look like the toothache. 1967R. Mackay House & Day 74 Have you licorice drops?
1657Tomlinson Renou's Disp. i. vi. 392 Of *Liquorice Juyce. 1838Penny Cycl. XI. 279/1 Good liquorice juice is black, dry, easily broken.., with a shining fracture.
1891Confectioners' Union IV. 530 (Advt.), Goods packed in 4 lb. boxes..Bright *liquorice jujubes.
1857J. A. Symonds Let. 25 Jan. (1967) I. 86 Will you send me also another box of *Liquorice Lozenges. 1893Official Catal. Internat. Manufacturing Confectioners Exhib. 60 (Advt.), Linseed Liquorice and Chlorodyne Lozenges.
1926‘R. Crompton’ William—the Conqueror iii. 54 Large paper bags of bullseyes, *liquorice lumps, barley sugar and chocolate cigars.
1763Museum Rusticum I. lx. 256 *Liquorice-planters in Yorkshire and Surry.
1712Steele Spect. No. 328 ⁋3 When I had occasion to buy Treacle or *Liquorish Power [sic] at the apothecary's shop.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 183 *Liquericie rase ᵹ iij.
1530Palsgr. 239/1 *Lycorice rote, reclice. 1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 401 Sliced liquorice-root.
1763Museum Rusticum I. lx. 253 Some *liquorice runners, or *sets are to be procured.
1864Daily Tel. 10 Mar., The *liquorice soup and fat pork which constitute the usual diet at the hotel.
1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Vn friquet,..also a *lickorous sticke. 1782J. Mill Diary (1889) 67 A decoction of 2 oz. lint-seed, 2 do. of Liquorish-stick bruised and boiled. 1879Liquorice-stick [see goose-yoke]. 1935Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Nov. 71/3 Agony pipe, wop stick, and licorice stick for clarinet. 1958N. D. Hinton in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xxx. 39, I have found a common belief that jazzmen refer to a clarinet as a ‘licorice stick’... Jazz musicians do in fact use these terms..in a very peculiar way. 1967C. Drummond Death at Furlong Post iv. 39 Bee dispensed liquorice sticks..and fizzy drinks.
1930Confectioners' Union Directory Trade Marks & Trade Names 18/2 (Advt.), Buttered *Liquorice Toffee in Dainty Pieces.
1924‘R. Crompton’ William—the Fourth viii. 125 ‘Have a *liquorice treasure?’ she said.
1882A. J. C. Hare in Gd. Words Mar. 186 The rich plain sprinkled with *liquorice-trees.
1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 317 *Liquorice Vetch, Astragalus. 1882Garden 24 June 439/1 In the hedges you may very occasionally meet with a rare plant..known by the not inappropriate name of Liquorice Vetch.
1860Dickens Gt. Expect. (1861) I. ii. 29 That intoxicating fluid, Spanish-*liquorice-water. 1865Athenæum No. 1984. 614/2 A glass of liquorice-water. 1913C. Mackenzie Sinister St. I. iv. 59 They used to go calling up and down, ‘Fine liquorice-water!.. Bring out your pins and have a bottle of liquorice-water.’ 1960Guardian 6 Dec. 7/2 The bottles of liquorice-water which provided grog for his young games of pirates.
1611Florio, Ligorítia, the *Lycorice-wood. |