| 释义 |
▪ I. yearn, n.|jɜːn|
[f. next.]
A yearning.
a1797M. Wollstonecraft Wks. (1798) III. xliv. 134, I feel my fate united to yours by..the yearns of..a true, unsophisticated heart. 1853Kingsley Misc., Shelley & Byron (1859) I. 307 In one mighty yearn after that beauty from which he is debarred, [Keats] breaks his young heart, and dies. 1862‘Artemus Ward’ His Bk. (1865) 35 ‘Hast thou not yearned for me?’ she yelled... ‘Not a yearn!’ I bellered. 1890W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. I. v. 106 The rounds of her canvas whitened into marble hardness with the yearn and lean of the distended cloths.
▪ II. yearn, v.1|jɜːn|
Forms: 1 ᵹiorna, ᵹeornan, ᵹiernan, ᵹirnan, ᵹyrnan, 2–4 ȝierne, ierne, 2–5 ȝerne, 3 ȝirn(e, (Orm.) ȝeorrnenn, 3–4 ȝorn(e 3–6 ȝern, 4 ȝiern, yhern(e, ȝharn(e, ȝaren, 4–5 ȝyrn(e, 4–6 ȝarn(e, yarne, 4–7 yerne, 4–8 yern, 5 yurn, herne, 6 yo(u)rn, Sc. ȝairne, yairne, 6–7 yearne, 6– yearn.
[OE., Northumb. ᵹiorna, Mercian ᵹeornan, WS. ᵹiernan, corresp. to OS. girnean, gernean, ON. girna (see green v.2), Goth. gaírnjan, related to OE. ᵹeorn, Goth. -gaírns: see yern a. and yere v.]
I.
†1. trans. To desire earnestly; to experience a strong desire or longing for.
a. with simple obj.
c888ælfred Boeth. xv, Ne diorwyrðra hræᵹla hi ne ᵹirndan. c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke xxii. 71 Hwi ᵹyrne we ᵹyt ᵹewitnesse? c1100O.E. Chron. (MS. D) an. 1067 Ða begann se cyngc Malcholom ᵹyrnan his sweostor him to wife. c1200Vices & Virtues 43 Ðare ðinge ðe on ðesse worlde waren he ne ȝernde. c1205Lay. 17795 Cnihtes feollen a-dun & ȝirnden heore dæðes. a1225Ancr. R. 192 Muche word is of ou hu..ȝe beoð vor godleic & for ureoleic iȝerned of monie. a1300Cursor M. 23458 Fair Iuels..men yerns oft. c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 152 Þis man wole no þyng yerne But youre honour. c1400Rule St. Benet (Verse) 485 Mor we suld ȝern hele of saule Þan of bodi. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 1407 For þat þou art brent With couetyse now,..þou ȝernest soules cure. a1450Ratis Raving 3790 At E nocht seis, hart nocht ȝarnis. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxi. 19 We ȝarne thy presens, bot oft thow hes refusit Till cum ws till. 1568Lauder Godlie Tractate 627 That death ȝe ȝairne, it sall fast frome ȝow fle.
†b. with obj. clause. Obs.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xliv. 331 Hwile ðe he ᵹiernð ðæt he his weolan iece. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiii. 8 Ne ᵹyrne ᵹe þæt eow man lareowas nemne. a1310in Wright Lyric P. vi. 28 Lest eny reve me my make, ychabbe y-ȝyrned ȝore. 13..Cursor M. 1801 (Gött.) Þai ȝernid þan, þa caitifes madd, Þat þai had ben wid noe stadd. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints iii. (Andrew) 423, I ȝarne þe Of corse to here þe priwete. c1425Wyntoun Cron. v. ii. 260 Octoviane ȝarnyt hym to be His ayr.
2. intr. To have a strong desire or longing; to long.
a. Const. inf. with († or without) to.
971Blickl. Hom. 53 Þa halᵹan..naht ne..ᵹyrndon to hæbbenne. c1000Poenitentiale Ecgberti i. §10 in Thorpe Laws II. 176 Ᵹif se man..ᵹyrneð Cristes lichaman to underfonne. c1200Ormin 3578 Crist wass æfre swillc to sen..Þatt gode ȝeorrndenn himm to sen. a1300Cursor M. 1 Man yhernes rimes for to here. Ibid. 6479 Þi neghbur wijf ȝerne noght at haue. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 6705 For hungre þai sal yherne it ete. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 158 The kynryk ȝharn I nocht to have. a1395Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) i. xvi, Ȝit shalt thou ȝerne..for to come as nere as þou mayst to þat state. a1568Wowing of Jok and Jynny 9 in Bannatyne MS. (Hunter. Club) 387, I yern full fane To..sit down by yow. a1616Beaum. & Fl. Bonduca ii. iv, I must do that my heart-strings yern to do. 1711Steele Spect. No. 142 ⁋3 My gushing Heart, that..yearns to tell you all its Achings. 1805Southey Madoc ii. xiii, A female tenderness which yearn'd, As with maternal love, to cherish him. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop lv, The child yearned to be out of doors. 1879Dixon Windsor II. iv. 38 He had a daughter whom he yearned to hail as queen.
b. Const. after, for, † to, towards. Also absol.
c893ælfred Oros. vi. xxviii, He ofsloᵹ Proculus & Bonorum, þa ᵹierndon eac æfter þæ m onwalde. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 27 Þe godfrihte..ne ȝierneð to none þinge bute after godes wille. Ibid. 183 Ðus wareð þe sowle þe licame, for þat hit haueð þarafter ierned. a1225Juliana 8 He biȝet et te keiser þat he him ȝettede reue to beonne as þat he iȝirnd hefde. 1340Ayenb. 55 Þe þridde boȝ of þise zenne is to uerliche yerne to þe mete ase deþ þe hond. 1357Lay Folks Catech. (T.) 560 Tham that ledis thair lifs als thaire flesch yhernes. c1400Destr. Troy 2937 Yonge men & yeuerus..yurnes to gaumes. 1573Satir. Poems Reform. xlii. 750 Thay pepill..That..ȝarnis for fude with sa greit zeill. c1645Howell Lett. (1688) IV. 503 His Maw began to yern again after some of the Figs. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 367 His heart yearned after the damsel who was to inherit these domains. 1868Tennyson Lucretius 266 Yearn'd after by the wisest of the wise. 1870Dickens Lett. (1880) II. 440, I yearn for the country again.
transf.1635E. Pagitt Christianogr. 213 Sacriledge is one of the most detestable sinnes, after which Gods curse yearneth, til he be revenged.
†3. trans. To express a wish or desire for (an object); to ask for, request. Also absol. or intr.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark x. 46 Mendicans, ᵹiornade [Rushw. ᵹiornde]. c1000Ags. Gosp. Mark xi. 24 Swa hwæt swa ᵹe ᵹyrnende biddað ᵹelyfað þæt ᵹe hit onfoð. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 656 Þa ᵹeornde seo abbe þet he scolde him tyþian þet he æt him ᵹeornde. Ibid. 777 He ᵹeornde at se kyning þet he scolde for his luuen freon his ane mynstre Wooingas het. Ibid. 1011 Se cyng & his witan..ᵹeorndon friðes. c1205Lay. 929 Ȝirne we to þane kinge Ȝeuen suiðe gode. Ibid. 8250 King Androgeus ȝeorneð þi grið. a1225Leg. Kath. 2420 Lauerd,..ȝette me þet ich ȝirne. 1340Ayenb. 39 Þe uerþe boȝ of auarice is acsynge, þet is, to yerne opo oþre mid wrong. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 67 Ȝernes now of my ȝift þat ȝou leue were, & what it be þat ȝe bidde ȝour bonus i graunte.
†4. intr. Of hounds: To cry out eagerly, give tongue. Also trans. to give tongue after. Obs.
1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 1409 The howndes began to yerne and to quest. a1530Heywood Weather (Brandl) 276 That after our houndes yournynge so meryly,..In herynge we may folow. 1576Turberv. Venerie lxv. 181 You muste holde your yong Terryers euery one of them at a sundrie hole of some angle or mouth of the earth, that they may herken and heare theyr fellowes yearne. Ibid. lxvi. 185 When they percieue the Terryers beginne to yearne them. 1674N. Cox Gentl. Recr. i. (1677) 18 When Beagles bark and cry at their Prey, we say, they Yearn.
†b. transf. Obs.
1582Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 100 Nymphs in mountayns high typ doe squeak, hullelo, yearning. 1639G. Daniel Ecclus. xxii. 4 He shall be soiled in the vnsavory Slime From Dunghills gather'd; all Men yerne at him. 1680Hickeringill Curse ye Meroz 26 A Holder-forth may yawl and yerne, snivle and whine, thump and bawl.
5. a. intr. To give a sound suggestive of strong desire; to express yearning or strong desire; also trans. to utter in emotional voice.
1816L. Hunt Rimini i. 40 Yearns the deep talk, the ready laugh ascends. 1820Keats Eve St. Agnes vii, The music, yearning like a God in pain. 1856Dickens Househ. Words 3 May 368/2 While the organ was yearning its last, and the great throng was pushing to the doors. 1894Le Gallienne Prose Fancies 22 The kind of voice..in which Socialist actresses yearn out passages from ‘The Cenci’.
b. To have an appearance as of longing.
1870Rossetti Burden of Nineveh ix, The faces of thy ministers Yearned pale with bitter ecstasy. 1871Swinburne Songs bef. Sunrise, Tenebrae 92 The blossom of man from his tomb Yearns open. 1890W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. I. v. 95 The jibs yearning from their sheets taut as fiddle-strings.
II.
6. intr. To be deeply moved; to be moved with compassion; to have tender feelings; † to mourn, grieve. In first quot. app. trans. to have compassion upon.
1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxxv. 11 Ȝerne ws, guberne, wirgin matern. a1533Frith Another Bk. agst. Rastell ii. B iv, The..slender reasons that those ii. wytted men, syr Thomas More and my lorde of Rochestre had brought to confyrme purgatory made my harte to yerne. 1539Bible (Great) 1 Kings iii. 26 Her bowelles yerned vpon her sonne. 1562Cooper Answ. Priv. Masse (1850) 56 Any christian heart may rather yearn and lament to remember so ungodly profanation of the holy sacrament. 1577Harrison England ii. x. (1877) i. 217 To raise pitifull and odious sores, and mooue the goers by such places where they lie, to yerne at their miserie. 1602Davison Rhapsody (1611) 30 They in their bleating voice did seeme to yearne. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. IV, ci, The horror of Imaginary Death Strikes deep wth flesh; and all Mortalitye Yernes at a Change. 1665R. Brathwait Comm. Two Tales (1901) 21 It would make any ones heart yern within him, that has any man's blood in him. 1711Addison Spect. No. 123 ⁋5, I have left your Mother in the next Room. Her Heart yearns towards you. 1848Dickens Dombey xliii, With her gentle nature yearning to them both, feeling the misery of both. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxii. (1878) 406 My heart was yearning over her.
†b. To be reluctant to do something. Obs. rare.
1597Beard Theatre God's Judgem. (1612) 53 [He] committed such excesse of crueltie, that the most barbarous heathen in the world would haue yearned to doe.
†7. trans. To cause to mourn; to move to compassion. Obs.
1593Shakes. Rich. II, v. v. 76 O how it yern'd my heart, when I beheld..That horse. 1598― Merry W. iii. v. 45 She laments Sir for it, that it would yern your heart to see it. 1641J. Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 94 Who..torture them, in that manner, that it yerns a mans bowels to observe!
Hence yearned ppl. a.; also ˈyearner, one who yearns.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xl. (Ninian) 724 Lofare of vertu & dyspysare Of þe warld, of hewine ȝ arnar. 1616B. Jonson Epigr. xlii, That his long yearn'd life Were quite out-spun. 1838S. Bellamy Betrayal 82 What if that vow Thy Father's yearn'd heart, all impatiently, Hath quench'd in its embrace. 1896Westm. Gaz. 30 Oct. 10/1 The yearned-for visitor. 1915A. Bennett Over There 186 The yearners after Calais did themselves no good by exterminating fine architecture and breaking up innocent homes, but they did experience the relief of smashing something.
▪ III. yearn, v.2 Chiefly north. dial. and Sc.|jɜːn|
Forms: 4 yern, 6 Sc. yyrne, 8– yirn, 7– yearn.
[Probably dial. variant of earn v.2, with initial y-glide; cf. yearth, etc. Continuity with OE. ᵹeyrnan (pa. pple. ᵹeurnen) is improbable.]
a. intr. To coagulate, curdle.
b. trans. To curdle (milk), esp. for making into cheese; to make (cheese) of curdled milk. Hence yearned ppl. a.
1371–3[implied in yearning vbl. n.2]. a1568Wyfe of Auchtermuchty xi. (Bann. MS.) He het the milk our hett, And sorrow spark of it wald yyrne. 1635D. Dickson Pract. Wks. (1845) I. 33 The making of cheese of yearned milk. 17..Gaberlunyie Man vi. in Songs of Scotl. (1862) 177 The kirn's to kirn, and milk to yirne. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxxix, His honour the Duke will accept ane of our Dunlop cheeses, and it sall be my faut if a better was ever yearned in Lowden. 1866‘Sarah Tytler’ Days of Yore II. 219 Mrs. Hoy was salting Elspa's butter, and ‘yearning’ her cheese. 1868R. L. Stevenson in Scribner's Mag. (1899) XXV. 36/2 Curds called ‘yearned milk’ hereaway.
▪ IV. yearn, (yarn(e, yern(e), v.3
obs. or dial. f. earn v.1
a1175Cott. Hom. 221 Þat he eorðlic man sceolde ȝeðeon, and ȝearnian mid admodnisse þet wuniunge on hefen rice. c1530Crt. Love 367 Thy-self art never like to yern..her mercy. 1557Tusser 100 Points Husb. xxxvi, Beware they threshe clene, though the lesser they yarne. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. i. 40 Put away proud looke, and vsage sterne, The which shal nought to you but foule dishonor yearne. c1600Distr. Emperor ii. i. in Bullen Old Pl. (1884) III. 189 Those worthye deeds Whereby y'ave yearn'd all wellcome. 1626Essex Archdeaconries, Depos. Bk. 27 June lf. 77 (MS.) He sayd that he was ever yearning of money. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 359/2 She..told me, I must look out and yearn my own living.
▪ V. yearn
obs. Sc. f. erne, eagle.
1790Burns Elegy on Capt. M― H― iii, Ye cliffs, the haunts of sailing yearns.
▪ VI. yearn(e
obs. ff. yarn. |