| 释义 |
recalcitrant, a. and n.|rɪˈkælsɪtrənt|
[a. F. récalcitrant (17–18th c.), or L. recalcitrānt-, pres. pple. of recalcitrāre to recalcitrate.]
A. adj.
1. ‘Kicking’ against constraint or restriction; obstinately disobedient or refractory. (Said of person or animals, and transf. of things.) Also const. to.
1843Thackeray Fitz-Boodle's Conf., Mr. & Mrs. Berry 361 In oaths both French and English [he] called upon the recalcitrant Anatole. 1861Sat. Rev. 7 Sept. 240/2 If you are recalcitrant to the rules of his art. 1866Cornh. Mag. Sept. 339 A recalcitrant pin falling from its rightful place. 1874Green Short Hist. vii. §3. 371 For a time it was necessary to suspend the more recalcitrant ministers.
absol.1865Maffei Brigand Life II. 50 The number of the recalcitrant was exceedingly small.
2. Characterized by refractoriness.
1865Mill Comte 25 A single Deity..keeping in recalcitrant subjection an army of devils. 1876Fox Bourne Locke I. vi. 284 Parliament met..to be again prorogued, on account of its recalcitrant temper.
B. n. A recalcitrant person. Also transf.
1865Pall Mall G. 30 May 10 All recalcitrants were treated as rebels and traitors. 1881Times 4 July 11/2 The Registrar..will take legal proceedings against the recalcitrants. 1918Oxf. Mag. 21 June 343/2 The American Universities have generally adopted the ‘Elective System’... There is, however, a distinguished recalcitrant in the University of Princeton.
Hence reˈcalcitrantly adv.; also reˈcalcitrary a.
1862F. Wilford Maiden of our own day 505 If this troublesome landlord is still recalcitrary,..I have another plan to propose. 1976Gramophone Apr. 1603/1 A dialogue between God and a recalcitrantly sinful soul. |