| 释义 |
▪ I. ye, pers. pron. 2nd pers. nom. (obj.), pl. (sing.)|jiː, jɪ|
Forms: see below.
[OE. ᵹe, stressed ᵹē, ᵹīe, corresp. to OFris. jî, OS. gi, ge, (MLG., MDu. ghi, -i, LG., Du. gij), OHG., MHG. ir (G. ihr), ON. ér (:—*jēr), Sw., Da. i: analogically modified forms (after the 1st pers. pl. pron., e.g. OE. ᵹe after we, ON. ér after vér, HG. ir after wir) of OTeut. *jūs, unaccented *juz, represented by Goth. jus, f. root yu- with pl. ending -s (cf. Zend yūš, Lith. jũs, and Skr. yū-yám).
For the declension of the 2nd pers. pron. in OE. and ME. see thou.
In the earliest periods of English ye was restricted to the nom. pl. In the 13th c. it came to be used as a nom. sing. = ‘thou’, first as a respectful form addressed to a superior. This use survives in modern dialects, esp. (in the form ee) in interrog. and imperative formulæ (e.g. Dee = ‘do ye’), but also in objective uses = ‘thee’ (e.g. Oi tell ee). When you had usurped the place of ye as a nom., ye came to be used (in the 15th c.), vice versa, as an objective sing. and pl. (= ‘thee’ and ‘you’).]
Now (in all uses) only dial., arch., or poet.; in ordinary use replaced by you.
A. Illustration of Forms:
1 ᵹe, ᵹie, ᵹee, 2–3 ȝie, (gie, ge), 2–5 (6–8 Sc. printed ze) ȝe, 4–5 ȝee, north. yhe, 4–6 north. ȝhe, 4–7 yee (3 jȝe, hye, 4 iȝe, iye, (i)he, 7, 9 dial. yea), 3– ye.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 13 Ᵹee sint salt eorðes. Ibid. Luke xvi. 15 Ᵹie sindon ða ðe ᵹie soðfæstiᵹeð iuih foræ monnum. a1175Cott. Hom. 217 Þenche ȝie aelc word of him swete. c1175Lamb. Hom. 127 Ȝe ne beoð ne alesde of deofles anwalde mid golde ne mid seolure. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 143 Nu ȝie habbeð iherd þes wimmanes name. c1200Ormin 1118 Hu ȝe muȝhenn lakenn Godd. c1250Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. 28 Hye habbet to gode i-offred of yure selure. c1275Sinners Beware 320 ibid. 82 To day ye schulle myd blysse To heueryche wende. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9360 Louerdinges jȝe wute wel þat [etc.]. a1300Cursor M. 411 (Cott.) Als yee herd me neuen. Ibid. 19094 (Edin.) His sone..Gie..demid als ge seluin wate. 13..Gosp. Nicod. 1105 Wende we to þaime, if yhe [v.r. ȝhe] rede. 13..Northern Passion 157 He seid wol iye yeue me mede? 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 68 Als yhe sal here aftirward sone. 1382Wyclif Matt. xxii. 29 Ȝee erren, nether knowynge the scripturis. 14..Northern Passion II. 172/306 Me þenkeþ he saide ihe habbet wrong. 1508Dunbar Poems v. 38 Drink with my Guddame, as ȝe ga by. 1510Reg. Privy Seal Scotl. I. 314/1 Wit zhe us to have made..oure lovit Alexander Andersoun..settar and sear of all skynnys. 1611Bible Gen. iii. 5 Yee shall bee as Gods. 1639Mure Ps. cxlviii. 9 Yea mountaines and yea hills. 1683Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 72 All yee that are willing yt the last proposition should stand so as it is. 1878Cumbld. Gloss., Yea's, you shall.
b. In combination, proclitically or enclitically, with other words, as: † ȝet = ye it, yare = ye are, y'have; d'ee, dee = do ye, hark'ee, harkee. Now dial.
c1200Ormin 9006 Loc ȝiff ȝet wilenn follȝhenn. 1611,1632[see dee]. 1631R. Knevet Rhodon & Iris v. vi. I 3, An ample restitution, Of what y'have tane from her. 1632Brome Northern Lass i. ii, If I interrupt you, hang me. Dee hear? 1634Ford Perk. Warbeck ii. i, Madam, yare passionate. 1708, etc. harkee, hark'ee [see hark v. 2 c]. 1746Exmoor Courtship (E.D.S.) 485 No, es thankee, Cozen Magery. 1775Sheridan St. Patr. Day i. i, There's a discipline, look'ee in all things. Ibid., Hark'ee, lads, I must have no grumbling.
Cf. the rimes in the following:—
a1721Prior Cupid Mistaken 14 Indeed, Mamma, I did not know Ye:..I took You for your Likeness, Cloe. 1774Goldsm. Retal. 136 Then what was his failing? come tell it, and burn ye. He was—could he help it?—a special attorney.
B. Uses.
1. The pronoun used (as the plural of thou) in addressing a number of persons (or, rhetorically, of things), in the nominative (or vocative).
Beowulf 237 Hwæt syndon ᵹe searohæbbendra? c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. vi. 5 Þonne ᵹe eow ᵹebiddon, ne beo ᵹe swylce liceteras. c1175Lamb. Hom. 15 Ȝe herde wilche laȝe weren er crist wes iboren. c1200Vices & Virtues 19 Ȝie ðe berð iwant fram me. a1250Prov. ælfred 27 in O.E. Misc. 104 Wolde ye, mi leode, lusten eure louerde, he ou wolde wyssye wisliche þinges. c1300Harrow. Hell (E.) 142 Helle ȝates, y com ȝou to, Now ich wil þat ȝe vndo. 1390Gower Conf. III. 37 Thus be yee parted nou atuo. c1450Mirk's Festial 1 Good men and woymen, þys day, as ȝe knowen well, ys cleped Sonenday yn þe Aduent. 1470–80Malory Arthur x. lxxx. 555 My fayre felawes wete ye wel that I will torne vnto kynge Arthurs party. a1529Skelton Agst. Garnesche ii. 32 Cum Garnyche, cum Godfrey, with as many as ȝe may. 1610Shakes. Temp. v. i. 34 Ye, that on the sands with printlesse foote Doe chase the ebbing-Neptune..and you, whose pastime Is to make midnight-Mushrumps. 1662Bk. Com. Pr., Comm., Conf., Ye [1st Pr. Bk. 1549 You] that do truly and earnestly repent you of your sins. 1781Sir J. Banks in Phil. Trans. LXXI. 7 Shew the World that ye still are as ye always have been, worthy the Patronage of your King! 1798Wordsw. We are Seven vii, Yet ye are seven!—I pray you tell, Sweet Maid, how this may be. 1833Tennyson Death of Old Year i, Toll ye the church-bell sad and slow. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. ii. 95 The King answered, Ye know not the reason wherefore I would kill the sage. 1902Bridges Matres Dolorosæ, They rode to war as if to the hunt, But ye at home, ye bore the brunt.
†b. In apposition with self (ye self, ye selven = yourselves): see self A. 2. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 6786 (Cott.) To cumlinges do yee right na suike, For quilum war yee seluen slike. Ibid. 14691 Bot..if yee self willi be blind. 1388Wyclif 1 Pet. ii. 5 And ȝe silf as quyk stoonys be ȝe aboue bildid in to spiritual housis.
c. In apposition with and preceding a n. (or adj. used absol.) in the vocative.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. viii. 62 Ȝe Legistres and lawyers ȝe witen wher I lyȝe. c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 1809 Ye sustren nyne. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 333 Ȝe riche, ȝe robeth and fedeth Hem þat han as ȝe han. 1549Latimer 3rd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 84 Ye brainsycke fooles, Ye hoddy peckes, Ye doddye poulles, ye huddes. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, iii. ii. 88 Looke not to the ground, Ye Fauorites of a King. 1681Baxter Hymn, Ye holy Angels bright, Which stand before God's Throne. 1697Dryden æneid viii. 634 That Blood, those Murthers, O ye Gods replace On his own Head. 1730Thomson A Hymn 76 Ye woodlands all, awake. 1803–6Wordsw. Ode Intim. Immort. iv, Ye blessed creatures, I have heard the call Ye to each other make.
2. Used instead of thou in addressing a single person (originally as a mark of respect or deference, later generally: cf. thou, you).
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1341 Sire emperour quaþ þe erl þo, ne be ȝe no so bolde. a1300Cursor M. 8721 ‘Lauerd’, sco said, ‘god it witschild Þat þou britten sua mi child. Yee giue him all til hir allan, Me es it leuer þan he be slan’. 1390Gower Conf. I. 47 Ma dame, if ye wolde have rowthe. 1411Rolls of Parlt. III. 650/2 My Lord..I knowe wele that ye be of such birth estate and myghte that [etc.]. c1450Merlin i. 15 Moder,..be not dismayed, for ye shull neuer be Iuged to deth for my cause. c1460Promp. Parv. 549 (Winch.) Ȝetyng, with worshyp seyng ȝe not þu, vosacio. 1481Caxton Reynard xxi. (Arb.) 51 Saye that ye your self haue made the lettre. c1489― Sonnes of Aymon xiv. 336 Good lord, ye created & made our fader Adam. 1516in Acts Parlt. Scot. (1875) XII. 36/2 We with oure lauthfull service thankis ȝoure grace of the grete Regarde ȝe Beir to the weill..of our kingis gracis person. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. viii. 26 The royall Virgin..him thus bespake..How shall I quite the paines, ye suffer for my sake? 1591Shakes. Two Gent. i. ii. 49 Iul[ia]. Will ye be gon? Lu[cetta]. That you may ruminate. c1730Ramsay Eagle & Robin 45 Ze sing sae dull and ruch, Ze haif deivt our lugs. 1786Burns To a Louse 19 Now haud you there, ye're out o' sight. 1866Mrs. E. Lynn Linton Lizzie Lorton III. 159 Ye've dune summut ye're sorry for. 1872Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 1142 ‘Damsel’, he said, ‘ye be not all to blame’. 1873Oxfordshire Gloss., Ee..is a more refined word than thee... ‘Who did ee see up strit?’.. Ee is used to a superior, and not thee. 1878Hardy Ret. Native i. iii, Be ye a-cold, Christian?
b. In apposition with and preceding a n. in the vocative.
a1596Sir T. More i. i. 11 Compell me, ye dogges face! 1599Chapman Hum. dayes Myrth Plays 1873 I. 69 O ye impudent gossip. 1886Stevenson Kidnapped xxix, Ye donnered auld runt.
3. Used as objective (accusative or dative) instead of you (in plural or singular sense).
c1449Pecock Repr. i. xvi. 86 Y preie ȝe seie ȝe to me [etc.]. 1538Bale Thre Lawes 163 We leaue ye here behynde. 1594Marlowe & Nashe Dido iv. iv, For this will Dido tye ye full of knots,..Ye shall no more offend the Carthage Queene. a1596Sir T. More i. i. 110 He is in a good forwardnesse, I tell ye, if all hit right. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, v. iii. 181 As I haue made ye one Lords, one remaine: So I grow stronger, you more Honour gaine. 1624Bedell Lett. iv. 73 This no Protestant will grant yee. c1650Milton Sonn., On new Forcers Consc., To..ride us with a classic Hierarchy Taught ye by meer A.S. and Rotherford. 1667― P.L. ii. 840, I..shall..bring ye to the place. 1721Ramsay Richy & Sandy 18 I'll bear ye Company for Year and Day. 1815Scott Guy M. xxii, There's saxpence t' ye to buy half a mutchkin. 1820Byron Mar. Fal. v. i. 198 Was not the place of Doge sufficient for ye? 1827Keble Chr. Y., 2nd Sunday Advent vi, Ye, who your Lord's commission bear, His way of mercy to prepare: Angels He calls ye. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop lxxii, ‘Go thy ways with him, sir,’ cried the sexton, ‘and Heaven be with ye both!’ 1847Halliwell Dict. (1889) I. p. xiv/1 I'd soon yarn sum munney, I warrant ye. 1866Lytton Lost Tales Miletus 127 The morrow's sun shall light ye homeward both.
†b. Used redundantly (‘ethical dative’). Obs.
1668R. L'Estrange Vis. Quev. (1708) 6 He comes ye laden forsooth, with Letters of Recommendations. 1768Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) I. 471 He cannot make a handsome bow, nor run ye off an elegant period.
Hence † ye v., to use ‘ye’ instead of ‘thou’ in addressing a single person: cf. thou v., yeet v.
1483Cath. Angl. 426/1 To ȝe, vosare jn plurali numero vos vestrum vel tibi. 1510Promp. Parv. 537/2 (W. de W.) Yeyn or sey ye, voso.
▪ II. † ye, conj. and adv. Obs.
Forms: 1 ᵹe, 2–3 ȝe, 3 Orm. ȝa.
[OE. ᵹe, corresp. in use to OS. ge, gi(e, gia, and ja, OHG. ja and jauh, joh, jouh (MHG. ja, joch, jouch), Goth. jah.]
And; also, too. ȝe{ddd}ȝe (or and): both{ddd}and; as well{ddd}as.
Beowulf 1864 Ᵹe wið feond ᵹe wið freond. a900Cynewulf Crist 847 Þonne herᵹa fruma æþelinga ord eallum demeð leofum ᵹe laðum lean æfter ryhte. 900–30O.E. Chron. (Parker MS.) an. 835 [He] þær ᵹefliemde ᵹe þa Walas ᵹe þa Deniscan. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 204 Her sint tacn aheardodre lifre ᵹe on þam læppum & healocum & filmenum. c1175Lamb. Hom. 103 Ðeos sunne fordeð eiðer ȝe saule ȝe lichoma. c1200Ormin 846 He turrnde mikell follc till Godd Ȝa læwedd follc, ȝa læredd.
▪ III. ye
obs. dial. form of give v.
1788Voc. Forth & Bargie in Trans. R. Irish Acad. II. 34 Y'oure, give over, cease.
▪ IV. ye
see eye, yea; graphic var. the, thee, cf. Y (3). |