| 释义 |
▪ I. beginning, vbl. n.|bɪˈgɪnɪŋ|
Also bi-, bygyn(n)yng; 2–3 -unge.
[f. begin v.1 + -ing1.]
1. The action or process of entering upon existence or upon action, or of bringing into existence; commencing, origination.
a1225Leg. Kath. 289 As euch þing hefde beginnunge of his godlec. a1300Cursor M. 838 Þar þai biginning gan to tak. c1400Mandeville 316 Withouten begynnynge and withouten endynge. 1570Billingsley Euclid i. def. iii. 2 A line hath his beginning from a point. 1579Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 288 Maximilian then being come to Trent, to giue beginning to the warre. 1635Swan Spec. M. (1670) 17 The world..was not for everlasting, but took beginning. 1883Froude Short Stud. IV. ii. i. 171 The beginning of change, like the beginning of strife, is like the letting out of water.
b. viewed as a definite fact belonging to anything extended in time or space.
a1225Ancr. R. 18 Et te biginnunge of þe Venite. c1530R. Hilles Comm.-pl. Bk. (1858) 140 All thyngs hath a begynyng. 1539Taverner Erasm. Prov. 9 The beginnynge is halfe the hole. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 21 Of a good begynnyng comth a good end. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. v. i. 111 That is the true beginning of our end. 1780J. Harris Philol. Enq. (1841) 421 A beginning is that, which nothing necessarily precedes, but which something naturally follows. 1836Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 99 As was shrewdly intimated, in respect of the question of Primogeniture this is only ‘the beginning of the end.’
2. The point of time at which anything begins; absol. the time when the universe began to be.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 81 Þis bitacneð þe world þet wes from biginnegge. 1388Wyclif Gen. i. 1 In the bigynnyng God made of nouȝt heuene and erthe. 1535Coverdale Hab. i. 12 Thou o Lorde..art from the begynnynge. 1611Bible 1 John ii. 13 Yee haue knowen him that is from the beginning. 1875Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. vi. (ed. 5) 77 Germany proclaims the era of a.d. 843 the beginning of her national existence.
3. That in which anything has its rise, or in which its origin is embodied; origin, source, fount.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 73 Þe shame þe þe man haueð of his sinne..is þe biginnigge of fremfulle sinbote. a1225Ancr. R. 54 Biginnunge & rote of þis ilke reouðe. 1486Bk. St. Albans, Her. A j b, Adam the begynnyng of man kynde. 1611Bible Col. i. 18 The head of the body, the Church: who is the beginning, the first borne from the dead. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. ii. i. (1838) 101 Thy true..Beginning and Father is in Heaven.
†b. A first cause, first principle. Obs.
1587Golding De Mornay vi. 63 The Magies held three beginnings, whom..they called Oromaces, Mitris, and Ariminis, (that is to say) God, Minde, and Soule.
c. concr. The head or chief extremity.
1483Cath. Angl. 26 Begynnynge, caput. 1578Banister Hist. Man iv. 62 The second Muscle begynneth at the same Tubercle..with a sharpe begynnyng.
4. The earliest or first part of any space of time, of a book, a journey, etc.
1297R. Glouc. 399 In þe bygynnynge of Jule þys batayle was ydo. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 385 As Lyncolnyence saiþ in þe bygynnynge of his dictis. 1473J. Warkworth Chron. 11 In the begynnynge of the moneth of Octobre. 1549Bk. Com. Pr., 3rd Collect Grace, Who hast safely brought us to the beginning of this day. 1611Bible Num. x. 10 In the beginnings of your monethes, ye shall blow with the trumpets ouer your burnt offerings. 1743J. Morris Serm. ii. 35 He explains himself in the begining of this chapter.
5. The initial or rudimentary stage; the earliest proceedings. Often in pl.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 83 Þerfore wurð here ende werse þene here biginninge. 1340Ayenb. 72 Þane dyaþ þet is to þe guoden begynnynge of liue. 1548Coverdale Erasm. Par. Gal. 14 Vnder the grosse beginnynges of this worlde. 1611Bible Job viii. 7 Though thy beginning was small, yet thy latter end should greatly increase. 1690W. Walker Idiom. Ang.-Lat. Pref. i, A considerable encrease to my beginnings. 1776Adam Smith W.N. I. i. x. 132 Great fortunes acquired from small beginnings. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 39 The beginnings of confusion with us in England. 1876Green Short Hist. ix. §i. (1882) 597 The beginnings of physical science were more slow and timid there.
†6. An undertaking. Obs.
1481Caxton Myrr. iii. xxiv. 192 In alle begynnynges and in all operacions the name of god ought to be called.
▪ II. beˈginning, ppl. a.
[f. begin v.1 + -ing2.]
1. a. That comes into existence or begins its course; incipient, commencing.
1576Grindal Custom & Ver. Wks. (1843) 72 The primitive and beginning church. 1650Jer. Taylor Holy Living (1727) 201 He helpt my slow and beginning endeavours. 1775De Lolme Eng. Constit. ii. xvii. 293 He peaceably weathered the beginning storm. 1829S. Turner Mod. Hist. Eng. III. ii. xviii. 540 [She] waited for her parliament to be the beginning innovators.
b. spec. Of a course of study, book, student, etc.: preceding others in a series; elementary. N. Amer.
1923E. M. Roberts (title) The beginning telegrapher. 1928Almack & Lang (title) The beginning teacher. 1962W. S. Avis et al. (title) Dictionary of Canadian English. The Beginning Dictionary. 1962S. E. Martin in Householder & Saporta Problems in Lexicography 153 In a sense, the beginning student needs something very similar. 1964Amer. Speech XXXIX. 51 It is intended as a textbook for a beginning course.
2. Coming first or in front; leading the way.
1609Douland Ornith. Microl. 40 Euery Beginning Note without a tayle, if the second Note ascend, is a Breefe.
Hence † beginningly, Obs. in 4 begynandly, initially, at the beginning.
a1340Hampole Psalter cxviii. 152 Bigynandly . that was fra bigynynge of mannys kynd . i . knew that thou hight the kyngdome of heuen till thi lufers. |