| 释义 |
libertine, n. and a.|ˈlɪbətɪn|
Also 6 lyb-, 7–8 -in.
[ad. L. lībertīn-us (in sense 2 perh. through F. libertin, recorded from 1542), f. lībertus made free, cogn. w. līber free.]
A. n.
1. Rom. Antiq. A freedman; one manumitted from slavery; also, the son of a freedman.
1382Wyclif Acts vi. 9 Summe risen of the synagoge, that was clepid of Libertyns. 1533Bellenden Livy iv. (1822) 315 Quhidder ane servand or ane libertine war maid consull. 1540–1Elyot Image Gov. 34 Libertine, that is to saie, any man of a bonde ancestour. 1601Holland Pliny I. 411 A mean commoner of Rome, descended from the race of Libertines or Slaues newly infranchised. 1631Selden Titles Hon. (ed. 2) Ep. Ded., As if one could be put into the state of a Libertine, without a former seruitude! 1644Jus Pop. 52 Who could more powerfully sway in the Palace than Eunuchs, Grooms and Libertines? 1726Ayliffe Parergon 24 There are some Persons forbidden to be Accusers..as Libertines against their Patrons. 1727Lardner Credib. Gosp. Hist. i. iii. §4.
¶b. Misused for: A freeman (of a city). rare—1.
c1611Chapman Iliad xvi. 50 He..vsde me like a fugitiue; an Inmate in a towne, That is no citie libertine, nor capable of their gowne.
2. a. pl. The name given to certain antinomian sects of the early sixteenth century, which arose in France and elsewhere on the continent. b. Later, in wider sense: One who holds free or loose opinions about religion; a free-thinker.
1563–83Foxe A. & M. II. 1613/1 Euen the infidels, Turkes, Iewes, Anabaptistes, and Libertines, desire felicitie as well as the Christians. 1589Acts Privy Council (1898) XVII. 424 In those Lowe Countryes there are Sectaryes, as Annabaptystes, Lybertines, and soche lyke. 1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Libertine, loose in religion, one that thinks he may doe what he listeth. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus ii. 14 Neither wanted their Libertins in those daies, that..thought They might doe what they listed. 1646P. Bulkeley Gospel Covt. iv. 297 The old plea of loose Libertines in the Apostles time; I have faith, saith one, and though I have no works, yet my faith will save me. 1698Norris Pract. Disc. IV. 254 The Libertins, and Profane Spirits of the Age are apt to Reason, or rather Mutiny against the Ways of God. 1762Goldsm. Nash 48 People of all ways of thinking, even from the libertine to the methodist. 1831Brewster Newton (1855) II. xviii. 163 Flamsteed never scrupled to denounce Halley as a libertine and an infidel. 1876J. Parker Paracl. ii. xvii. 283 The intellectual libertine who denies everything that cannot be certified by the senses.
c. transf. One who follows his own inclinations or goes his own way; one who is not restricted or confined.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, i. i. 48 When he speakes, The Ayre, a Charter'd Libertine, is still. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus iii. 1 Romish policie, that they might become the absolute libertines of the world..hath withdrawn the neckes of the clergie from vnder Ciuill Power. 1628Bp. Hall Serm. Chr. Liberty Rem. Wks. (1660) 27 What is this, but..to professe our selves, not Libertines, but licentiate of disorder? 1642Rogers Naaman 116 Those Pharisees in the Gospel..Christ himselfe was a libertine to them and their strictnesse. 1698Lister Journey Paris (1699) 39 Though Rubens in his History is too much a Libertine in this respect, yet there is in this very place, which we now describe, much truth in the habit of his principal Figures. 1870Dickens E. Drood iv, He is the chartered libertine of the place.
3. A man who is not restrained by moral law, esp. in his relations with the female sex; one who leads a dissolute, licentious life. † Rarely applied to a woman.
1593G. Harvey Pierce's Supererog. 45 The whole brood of venereous Libertines, that knowe no reason but appetite, no Lawe but Luste. 1593Nashe Christ's T. 29 b, Twenty thousand of these dreggy lees of Libertines hiu'd vnto him in a moment. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. iii. 49. 1633 Massinger Guardian ii. v, The plump Dutch Frow, the stately dame of Spain, The Roman libertine, and sprightful Tuscan. 1713Rowe J. Shore i, That man the lawless libertine may rove, Free and unquestion'd through the wilds of love. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 77 ⁋14 The giddy libertine, or drunken ravisher. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xiv, Since when is it that the principal libertine has altered his morals so much? 1855Prescott Philip II (1857) 80 His life..was that of a libertine.
4. At Aberdeen University: A student who has no bursary.
1782Orem Chanonry Aberd. 175 The janitor..hath twenty shillings Scots from every bursar, and two shillings and six pence sterling from libertines. 1818Kennedy Ann. Aberd. II. 392 Since the original foundation of the college, the students have been distinguished by the titles of bursars, and libertines, or free scholars.
B. adj.
1. Manumitted from slavery (see A. 1). rare.
1600Holland Livy xxii. i. 432 The verie Libertine or enfranchised women. 1795J. Macknight Apost. Epistles (1820) IV. 547, 4000 of the Libertine race were transported.
2. Acknowledging no law in religion or morals; free-thinking; antinomian. Also occas. Pertaining to the sects known as ‘Libertines’.
1577J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 36 The doctrine of the gospell is not a libertine docrtine. 1640Bp. Hall Chr. Moder. ii. x. 82 Even among the Christians themselves, what foule charges of libertine doctrine are layd upon them by false teachers! 1693Tillotson Pref. to Wilkins' Nat. Relig., The pernicious doctrines of the Antinomians, and of all other libertine-enthusiasts. 1702C. Mather Magn. Chr. ii. ii. (1852) 115 Religion..had like to have died..through a libertine and Brownistick spirit. 1708Swift Sentim. Ch. Eng. Man Wks. 1755 II. i. 55 Persons of libertine and atheistical tenets. 1858M. Pattison Ess. (1889) II. 18 The Libertine party instantly saw the opportunity afforded of turning opinion against the pastors. 1861Trench 7 Ch. Asia 84 In the Apocalypse of St. John we find these libertine errors already full blown. 1901Expositor June 412 The libertine tendencies of Gentile Christians in Asia Minor.
3. Free or unrestrained in constitution, habit, conduct or language. Now rare or Obs.
1589G. Harvey Pierce's Supererog. (1593) 139 Although that same French Mirrour be..stuffed with geere homely enough, fit for a Libertine & frantique Theame; yet doth it [etc.]. 1631T. Powell Tom All Trades (1876) 167 A more libertine disposition. 1668Evelyn Mem. (1857) II. 36 Amongst other libertine libels, there was..a bold petition of the poor w―s to Lady Castlemaine. 1689–90Temple Ess. Poetry Wks. 1731 I. 238 There is something in the Genius of Poetry, too libertine to be confined to so many Rules. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 79 The libertine ant will choose her own settlement. 1847Emerson Wood Notes ii. Poems 70 He is free and libertine, Pouring of his power the wine To every age, to every race.
†b. Of literary composition, translation: Extremely free. Obs.
1656Cowley Pindar. Odes Pref., The Grammarians perhaps will not suffer this libertine way of rendring foreign Authors to be called Translation. a1683Oldham Poet. Wks. Pref. (1686) 3 The Satyr and Odes of the Author..I have translated in the same libertine way. 1710Steele Tatler No. 172 ⁋2, I have rambled in this Libertine Manner of Writing by way of Essay. 1760H. Walpole Let. to Sir D. Dalrymple 3 Feb., The transitions are as sudden as those in Pindar, but not so libertine.
4. Characterized by habitual disregard of moral law, esp. with regard to the relation of the sexes; licentious, dissolute; characteristic of or resembling a libertine.
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. xxv. §3. 121 The heathen Poets, when they fall upon a libertine passion, doe still expostulate with lawes and moralities, as if they were opposite and malignant to nature. 1699Burnet 39 Art. Pref. (1700) 4 A tendency not only to Antinomianism, but to a Libertine course of life. 1762Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) IV. 132 The frank libertine wit of their old stage. 1804A. Seward Mem. E. Darwin 375 A band of libertine lovers..plight their promiscuous hymeneals. a1831Mackintosh Rev. of 1688 Wks. 1846 II. 11 The attractions of his lively and some⁓what libertine conversation were among the means by which he maintained his ground with Charles II. 1886F. Harrison Choice of Bks. iii. 51 The Decameron..is redolent of that libertine humanism which stamps the Renascence. |