| 释义 |
lewd, a.|ljuːd|
Forms: α1–2 lǽwede, lǽwde, (2 ilewede, ileawede), 2–3 leawede, leawde, 2–6 lewed(e, 3 læwed, (Orm. læwedd), leouwede, loȝede, 3–5 leuid, 3–7 leude, 3–8 leud, 4 lewet, (? lowed), 4–5 lewid(e, lewyd, leewid, (louwed(e), ? lood, 5–7 leaud(e, 6 leawde, Sc. lewit, 6–7 lude, 4–7 lewde, 4– lewd. β(chiefly north. and Sc.) 2–5 lawed, 3–4 laued, laud, 3–6 lawid(e, 4 lawyt, 4–6 lawd(e, 4–6 (9 arch.) lawit.
[OE. lǽwede, of difficult etymology.
The sense suggests formation on Rom. *laigo:—eccl. L. lāicus (see lay a. with suffix -ede -ed2; but it is not easy to see the phonological possibility of this. The attempt to trace the word to a late L. type *lāicātus (u stem) is still more open to objection. It has been proposed to obviate the phonetic difficulties by assuming influence from the vb. lǽwan to betray; but the sense is too remote, and lǽwede is not participial in form.]
†1. Lay, not in holy orders, not clerical. Also absol. Obs.
c890tr. Bæda's Hist. v. xii[i]. (1890) 428 Þara manna sum wæs..bescoren preost, sum wes læwde [v.r. læwede], sum wæs wifmon. Ibid. xiii[i]. 436 Sum wær inn læwdum hade [L. vir in laico habitu]. c1175Lamb. Hom. 131 Ihadede men he muneȝeð wel to lerene ilewede men. Ihadede and lewede feier lif and clene to leden. c1290Beket 574 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 123 Ȝif bi-twene tweie lewede men were ani striuingue, Oþur bi-tuene a lewed man and a clerk. a1300Cursor M. 26143 If þou mai no preist to wine, þus scau a leud [Fairf. lawed] man þi sine. 13..Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 269 Hit wol a-vayle boþe lewed and clerk. 1382Wyclif 1 Sam. xxi. 4, I haue not leeuyd loouys [Vulg. laicos panes] at hoond, but oonli hooli breed. c1386Chaucer Prol. 502 For if a preest be foul, on whom we truste No wonder is a lewed man to ruste. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xiii, 60 Þai hafe þaire crownes schauen, þe clerkes rownde and þe lawed men foure cornerd. 1530Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 1002 Lawit men hes, now, religious men in curis. 1553Becon Reliques of Rome (1563) 246* Al thoe bene accursed that purchasen writtes or letters of any leude courte. 1819W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 212 The hail o' them, by lawit fists, Were haurl'd and howkit frae their kists.
†b. lewd frere, a lay-brother. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 41 Late lewid freris seie four & twenti pater nostris for matynes. c1425St. Eliz. of Spalbech in Anglia VIII. 116/30 Wee..made hym a conuers, þat is to seye, a lewde frere. c1483Caxton Dialogues vii. 24 Bogars, lewd freris. 1530Palsgr. 239/1 Leude frere, bovrdican.
†2. Unlearned, unlettered, untaught. Obs.
a1225Juliana 2 Alle lewede [v.r. leawede] men þat understonden ne mahen latines ledene. a1300Cursor M. 249 To laud and Inglis man i spell þat understandes þat i tell. c1325Poem temp. Edw. II (Percy) xix, Then is a lewed priest No better than a jay. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. i. 125 Lereþ hit þis lewed men for lettrede hit knoweþ. c1430Art of Nombryng (E.E.T.S.) 3 This boke is called þe boke of algorym, or Augrym after lewder vse. c1460Towneley Myst. vii. 143 Both to lawd man and to clark. 1513Douglas æneis Pref. 412, I say nocht this of Chaucer for offence Bot till excuse my lawit insuffitience. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 224, I have maid this translation mair for pleseir of lawit men, than any vane curius clerkis. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie i. i. (Arb.) 21 Making..the poore man rich, the lewd well learned, the coward couragious. 1601Holland Pliny I. 31 Much adoe there is here, and great debate betweene learned men; and contrariwise those of the leaud and ignorant multitude.
†b. absol., esp. in the phrases learned (or lered) and lewed, lewed and clerks. Obs.
c1200Ormin 967 And mikell hellpe to þe follc, to læredd & to læwedd. c1205Lay. 31830 Quelen þa lareden, quelen þa leouweden. c1320Sir Beues 4020 (MS. A.) Ȝong and elde, lewed and lered. c1400Destr. Troy 4424 And for the case is vnknowen be course to þe lewd, Here sumwhat I say. c1470Harding Chron. ccxli. vi, Thei bee as manly, learned and lewed, As any folke. 1529More Dyaloge iii. Wks. 224/2 The Jewes bee not letted to reade theyr law bothe learned & lewde. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. i. (Arb.) 45 This, lewde and learned, by common experience, know to be most trewe.
†c. Of speech and the like: Rude, artless.
c1425Lydg. Assembly of Gods 403 Othyr mynstrall had they none, safe Pan gan to carpe Of hys lewde bagpype. 1513Douglas æneis i. Prol. 21 With bad harsk speche and lewit barbour tong. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus Prol. 326 For commoun folk will call the [this book] lawit and lidder.
†3. Belonging to the lower orders; common, low, vulgar, ‘base’. Obs. (In the latest quot. used arch. with allusion to sense 7.)
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 40 Sum tyme weren mounkes lewede men, as seintis in Jerusalem. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋408 (Harl. MS.) Þe secounde is to chese þe lewedest [other MSS. lowest, loweste] place ouer al. c1394P. Pl. Crede 568 He loueþ..lowynge of lewed men in Lentenes tyme. c1470Henry Wallace xi. 266 Rewid in his mynd at it was hapnyt sa, Sa lewd a deid to lat him wndyrta. 1548W. Patten Exped. Scot. H ij b, Howbeit hereby I cannot count ony lost whear but a fewe leude souldiers ran rashely out of array without standard or Captayn. 1552Lyndesay Monarche 5339 Rychtso the sterris thay do compare To the lawd common populare. 1598Barret Theor. Warres ii. i. 25 Many men..shall you see in a lewd Ale house. 1612Davies Why Ireland, etc. (1787) 173 The march-law, which in the statutes of Kilkenny, is said to be no law, but a lewd custom. 1640Yorke Union Hon. 252 Robert Riddesdale, Captaine of the lewd people in Northamptonshire. [1796Burke Regic. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 179 A lewd tavern for the revels and debauches of banditti, assassins, bravos, smugglers, and their more desperate paramours.]
†4. Ignorant (implying a reproach); foolish, unskilful, bungling; ill-bred, ill-mannered. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 409 Þis is þe lewiderste fendis skile þat euere cam out of his leesingis. c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 1031 Ye men shul been as lewed as gees. a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 3864, I am as lewed and dulle as is an asse. c1440Gesta Rom. viii. 21 (Harl. MS.) Þes too knyȝtis..þe wise knyȝt and þe lewde. c1449Pecock Repr. v. ii. 488 A lewder and febler skile or argument can noman make. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1874) I. 60 Alas the Shepherd is lewder than the shepe. 1522World & Child (Roxb. Club) C ij b, Ye, I praye the, leue thy lewde claterynge. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. i. (Arb.) 18 The small discretion of many leude Scholemasters. 1570Homilies ii. Agst. Wilful Rebell. iv. (1859) 581 Not those wounds which are printed in a clout by some lewd painter. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 961 Amurath..rated them all exceedingly, reproving their lewd counsell. 1620J. Wilkinson Coroners & Sherifes 75 A lewd or an ignorant undersherif may both undoe his high Sherife and himselfe. a1639Marmion Antiquary ii. i. (1641) D 1 b, I might have..gone on In the lewd way of loving you. 1710Philips Pastorals ii. 73 A lewd Desire strange Lands and Swains to know.
†5. Of persons, their actions, etc.: Bad, vile, evil, wicked, base; unprincipled, ill-conditioned; good-for-nothing, worthless, ‘naughty’. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Manciple's T. 80 The lewedeste wolf þat she may fynde Or leest of reputacion. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iii. viii. 55 Al be hit that for somtyme theyr lewd lyf displesid to them seluen. c1481E. Paston in P. Lett. III. 279 Plese zow..to forgeve me, and also my wyffe of owr leude offence that we have not don ower dute. 1538Starkey England i. iv. 139 Every lude felow, now-a-days, and idul lubbur, that can other rede or syng, makyth hymselfe prest. 1569Golding Heminges Post. Ded. 2 The Scripture accounted him a leaude servant, that hidde his Talent in the ground. 1581Savile Tacitus, Hist. i. lxxxiii. (1591) 46 A state gotten by lewde meanes [L. scelere quæsitum] cannot be retayned. a1607Markham in Topsell's Four-f. Beasts 415 If the Smith that driueth such a naile be so lewd, as he wil not looke vnto it before the horse depart. 1611Bible Acts xvii. 5 Certaine lewd fellowes [Gr. ἄνδρας πονηρούς] of the baser sort. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. i. viii. 58 Dermond O'Conner hath played a lewd part amongst us heere. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 193 So since into his Church lewd Hirelings climbe. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 169 To desist from his lewd Courses of Robbing and Stealing. 1709J. Johnson Clergym. Vade M. ii. p. c, So the lewd boy when he had set his mother's house on fire because she had corrected him..cried out [etc.]. [1829Southey Sir T. More (1831) I. 97 If not ashamed to beg, too lewd to work, and ready for any kind of mischief.]
†6. Of things: Bad, worthless, poor, sorry.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. i. 163 Chastite withouten Charite..Is as lewed as a Laumpe þat no liht is Inne. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 115 Hys merthys wer but lewed, He was so sore dred of dethe. 1462Paston Lett. II. 107 He hathe here of Avereyes xxiiij. tune wyn, whereof at the long wey he shal make the seyd Averey a lewd rekenyng. 1575Churchyard Chippes (1817) 107 For this assault, lewd ladders, vile and nought The souldiours had, which were to shorte God wot. 1581T. Howell Deuises (1879) 245 Ne lewde is he on whom lewde luck doth light. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iv. iii. 65 A Veluet dish: Fie, fie, 'tis lewd and filthy. 1618Fletcher Loyal Subj. iii. iii, I love thy face..Tis a lewd one, So truely ill Art cannot mend it. 1678A. Behn Sir Patient Fancy i. i, Then, Madam, I write the lewdest hand. 1692R. L'Estrange Josephus, Antiq. i. xvi. (1733) 21 His way lay through Macedonia..which..is a lewd and incommodious Passage for Travellers.
7. [Developed from 5.] Lascivious, unchaste. (The surviving sense.)
c1386Chaucer Miller's Prol. 37 Lat be thy lewed dronken harlotrye. c1430Freemasonry 620 In holy churche lef nyse wordes Of lewed speche, and fowle wordes. 1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. ii. vi. (1895) 195 The peruerse and malicious flickeringe inticementes of lewde and vnhoneste desyres. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iii. vii. 72 He is not lulling on a lewd Loue-Bed. 1602Warner Alb. Eng. x. lix. (1612) 259 Lewde Ammon, thou didst lust in deede, and then thy Rape reiect. 1634Milton Comus 465 When lust..by leud and lavish act of sin Lets in defilement to the inward parts. 1682Burnet Rights Princes v. 176 Being a lewd and vicious Prince, who had delivered himself up to his pleasures. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull iv. i, He had been seen in the company of lewd women. 1759Johnson Idler No. 38 ⁋12 The lewd inflame the lewd. 1838Lytton Leila i. iv, Their harlot songs. and their dances of lewd delight. 1871R. Ellis tr. Catullus lxiv. 147 If once lewd pleasure attain unruly possession. 1883Ouida Wanda I. 296 A singer of lewd songs. |